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    Title: 我國會計師洗錢防制法規範與實務應用之探討
    The Study of Anti-money Laundering Laws/ Regulations and their Practices for CPAs in Taiwan
    Authors: 楊淳安
    Yang, Chun-An
    Contributors: 臧正運
    楊淳安
    Yang, Chun-An
    Keywords: 洗錢防制法
    會計師防制洗錢及打擊資恐辦法
    會計師洗錢防制
    非屬歷史性財務資訊查核或核閱之確信案件
    監理沙盒
    外籍移工國外小額匯兌業務管理辦法
    Anti-Money Laundering
    CPAs
    Accountants
    Regulations Governing Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism for Certified Public Accountants
    Assurance Engagements
    Regulatory Sandbox
    Regulations Governing Small Amount Remittance Services for Foreign Migrant Workers
    Date: 2022
    Issue Date: 2022-03-01 17:34:08 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 隨著洗錢防制對於金融市場的安定及信用之重要性漸增,包含會計師在內的指定非金融業從業人員在洗錢防制系統中的重要性日漸受到重視,我國會計師於民國106年納入洗錢防制法規範義務主體,然遵循範圍限縮於FATF定義具有高洗錢風險的指定業務,其中並不含最主要的審計業務。因而近年內在FATF的報告及各國專業機構發表的期刊論文中,經常針對是否應將審計業務擴增至指定業務提出討論,本研究之主要目的即為研究我國會計師在現行法規範下實務應用之情形,並進一步探討將義務範圍擴張至審計業務的可行性。
    本文梳理了會計師納入洗錢防制義務主體的歷史源起,用以瞭解會計師於洗錢防制的定位及功能,再透過分析比較指標性國際組織及各國現行洗錢防制法規範,探究我國在現行法規範上是否存在進一步擴張義務範圍的空間,並分兩面向訪談會計師及受查者之實務從業人員,瞭解現行法規範與實務遵循上之落差及對於會計師擴張指定業務的看法。
    文末,本文根據文獻分析及訪查結果彙總現行會計師實務在因應洗錢防制法規範上的問題並提出建議,說明將審計業務納入義務範圍的可行性,並希望研擬出未來法規範可供調整的方向,使我國會計師在因應洗錢防制法規範時能順利磨合,並在兼顧成本效益的範圍內將功效發揮最大化。
    Since Anti-money laundering (AML) has become more critical to the security and credit capacity of the financial sector for all industries, the designated non-financial business and professions (DNFBPs) are playing a more criticalt role. The AML laws and regulations now include certificated Public Accountants (CPAs) in Taiwan as part of obligation entities in 2017. The scope of compliance is only limited to specific high-risk activities which are defined by FATF, and it does not include the CPA’s main business - auditing. Whether auditing should be considered as a subject to perform AML procedures has been discussed in FATF reports and studies issued by professional institutes across countries recently. The main purpose of this study is to research the situation of the AML laws and regulations and their practices in Taiwan and then to seek the feasibility of expanding the scope of AML obligations to auditing.
    This study has sorted out the historical origins of the development of CPA’s role in the AML system for investigating their position and function. Furthermore, it aims to find the possibilities for further expansion in the scope of AML obligation through a comparative analysis of the AML laws and regulations of leading international organizations and countries. In addition, this study conducted in-depth interviews with two aspects of objects - CPAs and auditee to understand the gap between practices and AML compliance, and their opinions about the expansion of the scope of AML obligation.
    Finally, this study presents findings and recommendations regarding AML compliance in Taiwan. It explains the need and feasibility of including auditing in the AML scope based on the results of the comparative analysis and interview. This study concludes by proposing a direction of amendment to the current AML laws and regulations in future for making CPAs addressing provisions more smoothly, and maximizing their effectiveness in a cost-effective way.
    Reference: 一、中文書籍
    1.臺灣金融研訓院編輯委員會、證券暨期貨市場發展基金會,防制洗錢與打擊資恐政策及法令解析,財團法人臺灣金融研訓院,頁10,2019年4月。
    2.Ranjit Kumar著;胡龍騰、黃瑋瑩、潘中道譯,研究方法:步驟化學習指南,學富文化,頁130, 2000年。
    3.葉至誠、葉立誠編著,研究方法與論文寫作,商鼎文化,頁138-156, 1999年。
    4.高智敏,財星500大企業稽核師的舞弊現行課:行賄、挪用、掏空、假帳,直搗企業治理漏洞,掃除財務地雷,商業週刊,頁145-146,2020年8月。
    二、期刊論文
    1.詹德恩,販毒者洗錢手法之研究及防治對策,警學叢刊,第33卷4期,中央警察大學警學叢刊雜誌社,頁171-172,2003年。
    2.周振鋒,評公司法第8條第3項之增訂,中正財經法學,第8期,頁8,2014年1月。
    3.劉連煜,事實上董事及影子董事,月旦法學教室,第96期,2010年9月。
    4.何嘉容,誰是實質受益人?公司法修法與洗錢防制,會計研究月刊,第391期,頁88,2018年6月。
    5.陳彥良、朱德芳編著,提升公司透明度及建置反洗錢措施-公司法部分條文修正草案評析,月旦法學雜誌,第275期,頁46-47,2018年4月。
    6.梁鴻烈、王莉宸編著,會計師防制洗錢法律責任初探,月旦會計實務研究,頁32,2017年11月。
    7.會計研究發展基金會研究組,「會計師專案查核銀行防制洗錢及打擊資恐之執行程序及確信報告範例」簡介,會計研究月刊,第382期,頁87,2017年。
    8.臧正運、彭金隆編著,我國金融科技創新實驗落地機制之檢視與建構,月旦法學雜誌,第266期,頁2,2017年7月。
    9.臧正運,論金融科技發展的監理難題與法制策略-以我國的規範與實踐為核心,政大法學評論,第163期,頁49,2020年9月。
    10.馬秀如、徐佳筠、蕭寧君編著,會計師遇上法遵:保密或吹哨?,會計研究月刊,第145期,頁95,2020年6月。
    11.廖建寧、王佩蘭編著,金管會證期局,會計師洗錢及資恐相關風險評估,證券暨期貨月刊,第36卷第8期,頁9,2018年8月。
    12.莊世金,國立政治大學法學院,論中小企業兩套帳對公司法制的影響,頁3,2018年9月。
    13.韓冬芳、楊亮編著,註冊會計師反洗錢職責定位及監督對策研究,武漢金融,頁40-42,2013年。
    14.陳怡君,金管會證期局,簡介美國PCAOB對於公開公司會計師之監理,證券暨期貨月刊,第26卷第10期,頁22及24,2008年10月。
    15.薛富井、許書偉編著,從美國PCAOB運作探討會計師功能之強化-摒自律轉他律一條鞭健全配套,會計研究月刊,第226期,頁93-95,2004年9月。
    16.陳春山,公司治理與企業社會責任(CSR)的實踐,證交資料,第546期,頁3-5,2007年10月。
    17.楊雅智,淺談企業社會責任之國際發展趨勢與國內推動現況,證券暨期貨月刊,第33卷第1期,頁5,2015年1月。
    18.曾宛如、方嘉麟主持;蔣念祖、陳明堂、蔡佩玲、錢淑賢、孫佩儀、馬國柱與會報告,洗錢防制與公司治理,月旦法學雜誌,第274期,頁264-267,2018年3月
    19.曾宛如、陳肇鴻編著,建立公司秘書制度之芻議,月旦法學雜誌,第226期,頁107-118,2014年3月。
    三、大法官釋字
    1.司法院大法官釋字第453號解釋理由書。
    2.司法院大法官釋字第222號解釋理由書。
    四、函釋
    1.金管銀法字第10802731571號函。
    2.院臺法字第1080085454號行政院令。
    3.金管銀國字第10620000150號函。
    4.金管銀國字第10620000155號函。
    5.金管銀法字第11002717131號函。
    6.金管銀法字第1080140647號函。
    7.經商字第11002408490號函。
    8.銀局國字第10200061321號函。
    五、其他資料來源
    1.立法院,洗錢防制法部分條文修正草案總說明,2016年12月
    2.調查局洗錢防制處,洗錢防制電子報,第1至第7期之「AMLD統計資訊」,2019年11月至2021年11月。
    3.孔德廉,報導者,博奕代工轉向洗錢代工,奕博智如何一週洗白50億? ,https://www.twreporter.org/a/online-gambling-industry-money-laundering-wisbet。
    4.金管會,有關會計師納入洗錢防制規範問答集(108年10月),頁1-2,2019年10月。
    5.金管會官方網站,「確信準則公報第1號『非屬歷史性財務資訊查核或核閱之確信案件』完成發布」,https://www.fsc.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=96&parentpath=0,2&mcustomize=news_view.jsp&dataserno=201507160003&toolsflag=Y&dtable=News。
    6.行政院洗錢防制辦公室,指定之非金融事業或人員執行防制洗錢及打擊資恐業務最佳指引,頁4,2018年7月。
    7.金管會,109年度審計監理報告,2021年4月。
    8.林鈺琪,公司法有關增訂揭露實質受益人之研析,立法院議題研析,2018年5月。
    9.調查局,有關「重要政治性職務之人與其家庭成員及有密切關係人之人範圍認定標準」問答集,2017年。
    10.金管會,金融機構防制洗錢辦法總說明,頁17,2016年6月。
    11.會計研究發展基金會,會計師檢查銀行之協議程序及報告範例,頁20及49。
    12.金管會官方網站,金融科技創新實驗相關資訊揭露,https://www.fsc.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=755&parentpath=0,7,478。
    13.謝方娪,外籍移工跨境匯款沙盒實驗,擬接軌電支條例7月落地,經濟日報,https://money.udn.com/money/story/5616/5298505,2021年3月。
    14.金管會,金融科技創新實驗防制洗錢及打擊資恐辦法總說明,頁7,2019年5月。
    15.金管會,外籍移工國外小額匯兌業務管理辦法總說明,2021年6月。
    16.會計研究發展基金會,審計準則公報第72號草案徵求意見函,頁1,2019年5月。
    17.台灣集中保管結算所,防制洗錢及打擊資恐查詢系統,頁62,2018年6月。
    18.程士華,授權會計師聯合定價?公平會:視最終修法條文判斷,經濟日報, https://udn.com/news/story/7238/5307160,2021年3月。
    19.金管會證期局官方網站,「公司治理3.0-永續發展藍圖」,https://www.sfb.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=992&parentpath=0,8,882,884。
    外文文獻
    一、期刊論文
    1.Stefano Betti, The European Union and the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime- Directorate General for Research, European Parliament B-1047 Brussels, Page 247-261(Sep 2001).
    2.Newbury, Michael, Designated non-financial businesses and professions, Journal of Money Laundering Control, London, Vol.20 Iss.3, Page 19-20(2017).
    3.Abel, Alan S、Gerson, James S., The CPA’s role in fighting money laundering, Journal of Accountancy, New York, Vol. 191 Iss. 6, Page 30(2001).
    4.United Nations- Office on Drugs and Crime, United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime and The Protocols Thereto, (2004).
    5.Jimmy Gurule, The Money Laundering Control Act of 1986: Creating a New Federal Offense or Merely Affording Federal Prosecutors an Alternative Means of Punishing Specified Unlawful Activity?, 32 Am. Crim. L. Rev., Page 825(1995).
    6.Anonymous, U.S wants CPAs to help fight money laundering, Journal of Accountancy, New York, Vol.189 Iss.5, Page 17-19(Jun 2001).
    7.Melnik V. Steven(A member of the accounting subgroup in the U.S Treasury Department and the Bank Secrecy Act Advisory Group),ACCOUNTANTS’ ANTI-MONEY-LAUNDERING RESPONSIBILITIES: CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT, The CPA Journal, New York, Vol. 73 Iss. 12, Page 50-51(2003).
    8.Pincus, Andrew, The Reform Act: What CPAs should know, Journal of Accountancy, New York, Vol. 182 Iss. 3, Page 55(1995).
    9.Accountancy Europe, Auditor’s Role in Fighting Financial Crime-Standing up to fraud, corruption anf money laundering, Audit & Assurance, Page 15(Dec 2017).
    10.Archie B. Carroll, University of Georgia, A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance, Academy of Management Review, Vol .4 No.4, Page 497(Oct 1979).
    11.Lance Moir,Cranfield School of Management, What do we mean by corporate social responsibility, Corporate Governance, Vol.1 Issue:2, Page 3(2001).
    12.Rose Kalle Johannes, Copenhagen Business School, CBS LAW, Disclosing anti-money laundering through CSR regulation- a new way to combat money laundering, Journal of Money laundering control, Vol.23 No.1, Page 11(2020).
    13.R. Bénabou and J. Tirole,The London School of Economic and Political Science, Individual and Corporate Social Responsibility, Page11-12(2009).
    二、其他資料來源
    1.FATF Official website, How is money laundered, https://www.fatf-gafi.org/faq/moneylaundering/.
    2.AICPA Official website, Certified Public Accountant (CPA), Association of International Certified Professional Accountants (aicpa-cima.com).
    3.National Crime Agency, UK Financial Intelligence Unit Suspicious Activity Reports Annual Report 2020, Page 9(2020).
    4.FATF, THE FORTY RECOMMENDATIONS, Page 6(2003 June).
    5.FATF, International Standards On Combating Money Laundering and Financing Of Terrorism & Proliferation- The FATF Recommendations, Page 19-20(Feb 2012).
    6.FATF Official website,http://www.fatf-gafi.org/countries/
    7.FATF, Annual Report 1997-1998, Page 51 (Jun 1998).
    8.FATF, Annual Report 1999-2000, Page 99 (Jun 2000).
    9.FATF, 2000-2001 Report on Money Laundering Typologies, Page 12(Feb 2001).
    10.United Nations- Office on Drugs and Crime, United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime and The Protocols Thereto, Page 33(2004).
    11.United Nations Treaty Collection, Status of Treaties, https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XVIII-12&chapter=18&clang=_en, (Dec 2004).
    12.FATF, Anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing measures- Australia: 3rd Enhanced Follow-up Report & Technical Compliance Re- Rating, (Nov 2018).
    13.The U.S Treasury, The National Money Laundering Strategy For 2020, Page 2(Mar 2020).
    14.FATF, Third Mutual Evaluation Report On Anti-Money Laundering And Combating The Financing Of Terrorism- United States of America, Page 204(2006 June).
    15.CCAB, Anti-Money Laundering Guidance for The Accountancy Sector, Page 1-2(Aug 2008).
    16.IFAC Official website,https://www.ifac.org.
    17.IFAC, Anti-Money Laundering 2nd Edition, Page 6(Mar 2004).
    18.FATF Official website, 「Outcomes FATF Plenary」, (June 2021), https://www.fatf-gafi.org/publications/fatfgeneral/documents/outcomes-fatf-plenary-june-2021.html .
    19.FATF, Annual Report 2020-2021, Page 45-47(June 2021).
    20.FATF, Updated Guidance for a Risk-Based Approach to Virtual Assets and Virtual Asset Service Providers, (Oct 2021).
    21.FATF, Guidance on Transparency and Beneficial Ownership, Page 8, (Oct 2014).
    22.Financial Conduct Authority, Regulatory Sandbox, https://www.fca.org.uk/firms/regulatory-sandbox .
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    26.CCAB, Anti-Money Laundering and Counter- Terrorist Financing Guidance for the Accountancy Sector, (Sep 2020).
    27.GOV.UK , HM Teasury approved AML/CTF guidance, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/200701/aml_hmt_approved_guidance.pdf.
    28.Financial Marketing Authority, Beneficial Ownership Guideline, Page 5(Dec 2012).
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法律科際整合研究所
    107652015
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107652015
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202200305
    Appears in Collections:[Graduate Institute of Law and Interdisciplinary Studies] Theses

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