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    政大機構典藏 > 商學院 > 會計學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/138883
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/138883


    Title: 新興稅務犯罪與洗錢之關聯及態樣
    The Links and Types of Emerging Tax Crimes and Money Laundering
    Authors: 王翠妤
    Wang, Cui-Yu
    Contributors: 陳明進
    王翠妤
    Wang, Cui-Yu
    Keywords: 洗錢罪
    逃漏稅捐罪
    稅務洗錢罪
    積極
    紙上公司
    Crime of Money Laundering
    Crime of Tax Evasion
    Crime of Tax-Related Money Laundering
    Positive
    Paper Company
    Date: 2022
    Issue Date: 2022-02-10 12:53:04 (UTC+8)
    Abstract:   我國於民國105年將稅捐稽徵法第41條、第42條及第43條第1項、第2項之罪列為洗錢罪之前置犯罪,實務上如何認定稅務洗錢罪之成立,稅務犯罪與洗錢行為間將如何產生關聯,執法當中又會遇上那些挑戰及見解差異,本文之研究目的即為探討這些議題,俾供未來實務應用之參考。
      本文以四種稅務洗錢態樣進行介紹,說明如何運用洗錢之手法將逃漏稅捐之犯罪所得加以移轉變更、掩飾隱匿及收受持有。另外,我國目前實務上最常構成洗錢罪之類型為行為人出借金融帳戶與詐欺集團使用,對此類型案件之爭議,我國最高法院108年度台上大字第3101號刑事大法庭作出裁定,並闡釋洗錢罪之成立不以特定犯罪已發生或特定犯罪所得已產生為必要,僅需行為人所為之洗錢行為於後續因果歷程當中得以實現掩飾或隱匿特定犯罪所得之效果即可成罪。此外,本文亦以二件發生於106年洗錢防制法修正施行前之個案,討論若該案件於洗錢防制法施行後發生,是否有涉及洗錢罪之疑慮。
      108年大法庭之見解與目前實務上依洗錢防制法第二條所要求之特定犯罪與洗錢行為間須滿足之時間先後要件不同,這是否會成為未來實務上認定稅務洗錢罪之趨勢,仍有待觀察。於我國司法院判決書查詢系統中,可以發現於此二年內,我國未有同時成立逃漏稅及洗錢罪之判決,可見稅務洗錢罪於我國實務應用上仍存在一段差距。面對此落差,我國應檢討逃漏稅捐罪及洗錢罪之立法方式,並加強稅務調查工作,同時期待公益揭弊者保護法盡速通過,減少此類案件發生。
    Our country listed the crimes of Article 41, Article 42 and Article 43, Paragraph 1 and 2 of the Tax Collection Act as the predicate crime of Money Laundering Offenses in 105. How to determine the constitute of the crime of tax-related money laundering in practice? How will it be linked between tax crimes and money laundering, and what challenges and differences of opinion will be encountered in law enforcement? The purpose of this thesis is to explore these issues for reference in future practical applications.
    This thesis introduces four types of tax-related money laundering, explaining how to use money laundering to transfer, conceal, and receive and hold crime income from tax evasion. In addition, the most common type of money laundering offenses in our country is the actors lending their financial accounts to the fraudulent organizations to use. In the dispute of this type of case, the criminal judgment of Grand Chamber no.3101, made by Supreme Court on 16th Dec 2020 ,explained that no matter the predicate crime has occurred or the income of the predicate crime has been generated or not, if the money laundering behavior committed by the actor can achieve the effect of disguising or concealing the income of predicate crime in the subsequent causal process, it will constitute the crime of money laundering. Moreover, this thesis also take two cases that occurred before the amendment and enforcement of the Money Laundering Control Act in 106 as examples, to discuss whether there is any doubt about the crime of money laundering if the cases occurred after the enforcement of the Money Laundering Control Act.
    The opinion of the Grand Chamber in 2019 is different from the Article 2 of the Money Laundering Control Act, which requires chronological requirements that must be met between predicate crimes and money laundering behavior. In practice, they agree with the latter. Whether this will become the trend of determining the crime of tax-related money laundering in practice in the future remains to be seen. In the inquiry system of court’s judgment in the Court of Justice of our country, it can be found that in the past two years, our country hasn’t constituted a judgment for both the crime of tax evasion and the crimes of money laundering. It can be seen that there is still a gap in the practical application of tax-related money laundering in our country. Facing this gap, our country should review the legislative methods for the crime of tax evasion and the crime of money laundering, and strengthen tax investigations. At the same time, we look forward to the expeditious passage of the Public Welfare Whistleblower Protection Act to reduce the occurrence of such cases.
    Reference: 一、中文學位論文
    1.許又蘋,2019,逃漏稅與洗錢罪之關係研究,國立政治大學會計學系碩士論文。
    2.陳佩玄,2019,逃漏稅與洗錢防治法之研究,國立交通大學科技法律研究所碩士論文,
    3.曾含雅,2019,特殊洗錢罪之研究-以澳洲法制之合理轉化為中心,國立政治大學法律學系碩士論文。
    4.蔡宥祥,2019,固有與特殊洗錢罪之比較研究,國立政治大學法律學系碩士論文。
    二、中文期刊
    1.林育賢,2021,詐欺集團提款車手之論罪與沒收—兼論實務見解之新發展,司法新聲,第136期:13-45。
    2.林鈺雄,2017,利得沒收新制與逃漏稅捐罪,月旦法學教室,第172期:21-23。
    3.林鈺雄,2021,經濟刑法:第一講 普通洗錢罪之行為類型——評析喜防法第2條,月旦法學教室,第224期:35-51。
    4.封昌宏,2018,【法律】逃漏稅與洗錢犯罪的實務探討,月旦會計財稅網,第2期:1-2。
    5.柯格鐘,2010,行為罰、漏稅罰與逃漏稅捐罪評司法院大法官釋字第五三號解釋,月旦裁判時報,第6期:14-25。
    6.柯耀程,2015,沒收的獨立性辯證,東吳大學沒收新思維研討會,頁 21。
    7.徐昌錦,2017,新修正洗錢防制法之解析與評釋-從刑事審判之角度出發,司法周刊,第1851期:1-28。
    8.許玉秀,2006,一罪與數罪的理論與實踐(二),台灣本土法學,第79期:191-196。
    9.許恆達,2016,汽車與犯罪工具之沒收,月旦法學教室,170期:頁26。
    10.許澤天,2014,公司負責人對於公司逃漏稅捐的刑罰與行政罰問題─釋字六八七號後有關犯行參與論的學理續造,東吳法律學報,第26卷第1期,頁93-136。
    11.許澤天,2017,未申報的不作為逃漏稅捐,月旦刑事法評論,第4期:137-148。
    12.陳佩玄、林志潔,2017,逃漏稅行為如何成立洗錢罪,月旦會計實務研究創刊號:21-28。
    13.陳揚仁,2018,反洗錢浪潮,金管會將嚴審OBU帳戶,月旦會計財稅網,第1期:1-4。
    14.陳瑞仁,2019,美國聯邦洗錢罪構成要件之分析,檢察新論,第26期,頁172-197。
    15.黃于軒,2018,私法人遭其負責人掏空資產的情況下,是否仍對私法人科以稅捐稽徵法第41條刑責之初探,全國律師,第22:5期,頁63-67。
    16.黃士元檢察官(譯),2021,譯介-德國經濟刑法手冊-洗錢罪章節(原作者:Felix Herzog),司法新聲,第137期:頁32,(原文出版年:2019)。
    17.黃士洲,2017,洗錢防制法對稽徵實務運作的衝擊,月旦會計實務研究創刊號:39-45。
    18.蔡佩玲,2017,洗錢防制法新法修正重點解析,檢察新論,第21期,頁46-95。
    19.謝建國,2016,洗錢犯罪活動過程與防制機制概述,公會季刊,第4季:12-13。
    三、中文書籍
    1.林順益、邱錦添,2019,最新洗錢防制法實用,初版,台北,元照出版有限公司。
    2.許恒達,2017,洗錢防制法新修正沒收規定之檢討,載於吳俊毅(主編),犯罪、資恐與洗錢:如何有效訴追犯罪?,頁231。
    四、其他中文參考文獻
    1.台灣法務部調查局洗錢防制處網站。
    2.行政院洗錢防制辦公室,2018,國家洗錢及資恐風險評估報告,頁17-28。
    3.封昌宏,2018,【法律】利用境外紙上公司逃漏稅之刑事責任,月旦會計財稅網,網址:http://www.angle.com.tw/accounting/commentary/post.aspx?ipost=2479,最後瀏覽日期:2021年5月30日。
    4.封昌宏,2018,【稅法】犯稅捐洗錢罪之財產没收,月旦會計財稅網,網址:http://www.angle.com.tw/accounting/regulations/post.aspx?ipost=2707,最後瀏覽日期:2021年5月29日。
    5.鄧輝鼎,2019,寧可官司纏身 也不要稅務罰單,工商時報 名家評論,網址:https://view.ctee.com.tw/legal/11643.html,最後瀏覽日期:2021年12月13日。
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    會計學系
    108353115
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108353115
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202200130
    Appears in Collections:[會計學系] 學位論文

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