Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/137712
|
| Title: | 俄國綠色經濟 : 最佳可行技術政策
Russia`s Green Economy : The Policy of Best Available Techniques |
| Authors: | 董靜樺
Tung, Ching-Hua |
| Contributors: | 魏百谷
董靜樺
Tung, Ching-Hua |
| Keywords: | 綠色經濟
最佳可行技術
能源效率
製程技術
永續發展
環境保護
政策制定
汙染排放
Green economy
Best available techniques
Energy efficiency
Process technology
Sustainable development
Environmental protection
Policy formulation
Pollution emission |
| Date: | 2021 |
| Issue Date: | 2021-11-01 12:13:00 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 經濟環境友善，是時下的重要議題，而經濟活動中的製程技術更與之息息相關。本研究旨在探討能源稟賦國─俄羅斯，其綠色經濟發展現況，與最佳可行技術政策(以下簡稱BAT)之立法與執行。本研究採用文獻分析法，並以2007年，俄國訂定「國家環境日」之時點為分界，進行前後差異比對，利用量化數據與質化成果為整體之論述。
首先，經由資料數據蒐集，採用俄國碳排放量、GDP能源強度，以及該國耗能產業之占比等，進行交互分析。針對歷年數據觀之，俄國碳排放量及GDP能源強度，與他國相比僅能望其項背，在近期只有微幅進步，而在2007年後，無明顯差異。另質化部分，綠色經濟環境則明顯得到改善，政府態度趨於積極，更在2021年6月通過《限制溫室氣體排放及引入碳報告之法案》。為激勵企業轉型，政府提供相關稅賦優惠措施，金融環境面，則針對企業在提升能效與環保行動上，予以貸款優惠及發行綠色債券，並且將CSR指標納入貸款評估。整體而言，俄國就轉型至綠色經濟領域，較以往更為友善。
接著，將俄國BAT政策分為兩部份討論。第一為政策立法過程，從中，可觀察到俄國政治領導力及利益團體，對政策產生之影響。 BAT政策之最終定案，有關政策過渡期、規範客體以及技術標準等，皆明顯放寬。第二，政策成效部分，以俄國熱電BAT─參考文件38號為個案說明，該技術標準雖汰換部份老舊設施，協助產業升級，但與國際新興技術仍存有差距，尚須調整更新。由於歐盟BAT被多國參考採用，因此俄國在推行政策過程中，增加了國際交流與合作機會，此舉將有助於提升其國際影響力。
Developing an environmentally friendly economy is an important issue nowadays, with which process technology in economic activities is considered closely associated. This study aims to explore the green economy development status of Russia, a country with a rich endowment of energy, and analyze the legislation and implementation of its Best Available Techniques (BAT) policy. Using the literature analysis method, this study compares the changes of Russia before and after the establishment of the “National Environment Day” in 2007 and conducts the overall exposition with quantitative data and qualitative results.
First, with the data collected, an interactive analysis is made of the items including Russia’s carbon emissions, GDP energy intensity, and the proportion of energy-consuming industries. Historical data revealed that in terms of carbon emissions and GDP energy intensity, Russia was still placed way down the list compared with other countries, with slight progress secured, and that the situation was not found to have a significant improvement after 2007. Qualitatively, the green economic environment had been remarkably improved and the government’s attitude turned to be active. What’s more, the Russian government passed the “Law on the Restriction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Introduction of Carbon Reporting” in June 2021. To encourage enterprises to transform, the government has developed relevant tax incentives. In terms of financing, the government grants enterprises green bonds and loan incentives in support of their energy efficiency improvement and environmental protection actions, and incorporates their CSR indicators into loan appraisal. Overall, Russia`s environment is more friendly than before in its transition to a green economy.
Next, this study discusses Russia’s BAT policy on two aspects. The first is the policy legislative process, from which the influence of Russian political leadership and interest groups on the policy can be observed. It can be seen that the final BAT policy was evidently softened in terms of the policy transition period, regulated objects, and technical standards. The second is about policy effectiveness, exemplified by Russian Thermal Power BAT-Reference Document No. 38. Although this technical standard requires the replacement of old facilities and provides assistance in industrial upgrading, it still has a gap between international emerging technology standards and needs to be modified and updated. Moreover, since the EU BAT has been used as a reference by many countries, Russia has increased the opportunities for international exchanges and cooperation in policy implementation, which is expected to enhance its international influence. |
| Reference: | 一、 中文
(一) 專書暨報告
卡托（Cato, MS）（2011）綠色經濟學：理論。政策與實務/ Molly Scott Cato原著；週賓凰，徐耀南，王絹淑翻譯。初版。臺北市：智勝文化。
朱雲鵬（2014）綠色所得與綠色消費/朱雲鵬等編著; 國家教育研究院主編。初版。臺北市：五南圖書。
洪泉湖 (2017) 當代歐洲民族運動 從蘇格蘭獨立公投到克里米亞危機 / 洪泉湖主編. 初版. 臺北市: 聯經. 頁100-128。
洪美蘭 (2008) 經濟均衡發展策略 : 歐洲轉型國家之案例與啓示 / 洪美蘭著. 初版. 臺北市: 洪美蘭出版。
惠特（White, R）（2008）碳交易：氣候變遷的市場解決方案/羅德尼.懷特（Rodney R. White），索尼雅.拉巴特（Sonia Labatt），馬丁.韋特克（Martin Whittaker）著;吳國卿譯。初版。臺北市：財信出版。
黃宗煌 (2014) 綠色產業 / 黃宗煌[等]編著 ; 國家教育研究院主編。 初版。 臺北市: 五南圖書。 頁25-32。
葉至誠與葉立誠（2011）研究方法與論文寫作，葉立誠著。3版。臺北市：商鼎文化出版社。
簡又新與溫麗琪（2012）綠色貿易學堂的22堂課/簡又新等著作; 溫麗琪等主編。初版。臺北市：經濟部推動綠色貿易專案辦公室。
(二)期刊論文
王思維，〈從普丁總統到普丁總理－論俄羅斯的雙軌行政〉，《台灣東北亞研究季》刊，第一卷第一期(2008年)。檢自：http://nhuir.nhu.edu.tw/retrieve/51553/%E5%BE%9E%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1.pdf
王思維，〈從普丁總統到普丁總理－論俄羅斯的雙軌行政〉，《台灣東北亞研究季》刊，第一卷第一期(2008年)。檢自：http://nhuir.nhu.edu.tw/retrieve/51553/%E5%BE%9E%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1.pdf
初冬梅，〈綠色經濟: 俄羅斯的認知與行動〉，《歐亞經濟》，第2期(2020年)，頁44-59。檢自：http://www.oyjj-oys.org/UploadFile/Issue/rskg4c01.pdf
林曦，〈俄羅斯應對氣候變化的政策措施〉，《全球科技經濟瞭望》，第27卷第1期（2012年1月），頁11-17。檢自：https://www.ixueshu.com/document/bb5233938f648afd318947a18e7f9386.html
楊惟任，〈先進國家發展綠色經濟的經驗對我國之啟示〉，《國會月刊》（ACI），第44卷第11期（2016年11月），頁50-54。
範純，〈俄羅斯環境政策評析〉，《俄羅斯中亞東歐研究》，第6期(2010年) ，頁19-25。
(三)網際網路
IPCC報告 全球暖化是不爭的事實，經濟部能源局 ，上網日期2020年06月19日，檢自：https://magazine.twenergy.org.tw/Cont.aspx?CatID=&ContID=1266
什麼是氣候變遷？全球暖化的原因？有哪些影響？懶人包一次告訴你，綠色和平，2020/12/17，上網日期2021年02月11日，檢自：https://tinyurl.com/ygfsqach
巴黎協定（The Paris Agreement）,氣候變遷生活網,環保署, 上網日期109年2月20日，檢自： https://ccis.epa.gov.tw/know/pact2
李修慧，歐洲熱浪襲擊：德、法、荷高溫飆破40度，鐵軌膨脹、核電廠停工，上網日期2020年2月18日，檢自：https://www.thenewslens.com/article/122716
俄國即將透過立法來規範二氧化碳排放，能源知識庫電子報，2019/4/22，上網日期2020年12月20日，檢自:
https://km.twenergy.org.tw/Content/Epaper/2019422164747.html
俄國提出第一部規範二氧化碳排放的立法草案，此草案將賦予政府監管二氧化碳和創造碳市場的權力，但莫斯科政府面臨內外強烈反對，能源知識庫，2019/3/29，上網日期2020年10月12日，檢自:
https://km.twenergy.org.tw/Data/db_more?id=3621
俄國聖誕節無雪 普丁提醒氣候變遷，施凱文，台灣醒報，2019/12/26，上網日期2021年02月10日，檢自：https://udn.com/news/story/6809/4251152
俄羅斯首部氣候法案來了，中國氣候變化信息網，2021/05/28，上網日期2021年06月18日，檢自：http://www.ccchina.org.cn/Detail.aspx?newsId=73821&TId=58%22%20title= "俄羅斯首部氣候法案來了
俄羅斯產業經濟：資源豐富的神秘國度，Stockfeel，上網日期2021年06月20日，檢自：https://www.stockfeel.com.tw/%E3%80%8C%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%EF%BC%9A%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E8%B1%90%E5%AF%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E5%9C%8B%E5%BA%A6%E3%80%8D/
俄羅斯總理簽署文件 正式加入巴黎氣候協定，中央通訊社CNA，2019/9/24，上網日期2021年06月18日，檢自：俄羅斯總理簽署文件 正式加入巴黎氣候協定 | 國際 | 中央社 CNA
拜登上任一個月 美國正式重返巴黎氣候協定，上網日期2021年05月18日，檢自：https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202102190305.aspx
孫興傑，梅德韋傑夫辭職背後的俄羅斯權力結構之變，上網日期2021年05月18日，檢自：https://news.sina.com.tw/article/20200118/34023010.html
莫斯科破紀錄百年來最熱 跨年夜下「人造雪」市民吐槽，2019/12/31，上網日期2021年02月10日，檢自:https://www.ctwant.com/article/30579
循環硫化床鍋爐，森展企業有限公司，上網日期2021年05月12日，檢自: https://soundbell.com.tw/tc/p5_product.php
綠色經濟會傷害經濟成長嗎？從一份民調談起，上網日期2021年07月19日，檢自：https://rsprc.ntu.edu.tw/zh-tw/m01-3/research-archive/low-carbon-innovation-green-economy/79-green-economy/256-green-economy-damage-economic-development.html
歐盟碳關稅 衝擊全球產業，自由時報，上網日期2021年05月12日，檢自 : https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/3530772
蕭代基，推動綠色經濟的方向與策略，上網日期2020年05月18日，檢自：http://greenecon.cier.edu.tw/PDF/N/%E8%95%AD%E4%BB%A3%E5%9F%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%93%A1_%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E8%AB%96%E5%A3%8720160219.pdf
蕭昊元，俄羅斯產業之進口替代 (105) ，上網日期2021年05月18日，檢自: https://report.nat.gov.tw/ReportFront/ReportDetail/detail?sysId=C10503340
二、 英文
(一)專書暨報告
Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D.,Muntean, M., Schaaf, E., Solazzo, E.,Monforti-Ferrario, F., Olivier, J.G.J., Vignati, E. (2020) JRC Science for Policy Report- Fossil CO2 emissions of all world countries. European Comission. Retrieved April 10 2021, from: https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC121460/kjna30358enn.pdf
Enerdata (2019) Global Energy Statistical Yearbook 2019/ Energy intensity., Retrieved April 05 2020, from: https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-energy-intensity-gdp-data.html
Enerdata (2020) Global Energy Statistical Yearbook 2020, Retrieved June 18 2021, from: https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-energy-intensity-gdp-data.html
Europa Publications (2017) Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia. London, England.
ILO (2018)World Employment and Social Outlook 2018: Greening with jobs, Retrieved May 12 2020, from:https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_628654.pdf
IMD (2018) Codebook 2018, World Competitiveness Center.
International Finance Corporation (2011) Renewable Energy Policy in Russia: Waking the Green Giant.
Krivushin, I (2020) Integration and Separatism in Europe: A Chance for Russia?. In: Diesen G., Lukin A. (eds) Russia in a Changing World. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. pp.179-196.
Ledeneva, A. V. (2013) Can Russia Modernise?: Sistema, Power Networks and Informal Governance, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. pp.50-84.
Makarov, I (2020) Green Transformation of the World Economy: Risks and Opportunities for Russia. In: Diesen G., Lukin A. (eds) Russia in a Changing World. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. pp.123-141. Retrieved May 10 2021, from: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-15-1895-9
Mckinsey & Company (2009) Pathways to an energy and carbon efficient Russia.
Milani, B (2000) Designing the green economy: the postindustrial alternative to corporate globalization. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
OECD (2019) Best Available Techniques (BAT) for Preventing and Controlling Industrial Pollution, Activity 3: Measuring the Effectiveness of BAT Policies, pp.125-135, Retrieved June 12 2021, from: http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=ENV/JM/MONO(2019)21&docLanguage=En
OECD (2017) Best Available Techniques (BAT) For Preventing And Controlling Industrial Pollution, Health and Safety Publications Series on Risk Management, Retrieved September 10 2020, from: https://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/risk-management/policies-on-best-available-techniques-or-similar-concepts-around-the-world.pdf
Pew Research Center (2015)《Climate Change Seen as Top Global Threat》, p4, Retrieved May 10 2021, from: https://www.pewresearch.org/global/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/07/Pew-Research-Center-Global-Threats-Report-FINAL-July-14-2015.pdf
The Energy Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2019) Global and Russian Energy Outlook 2019., The Energy Centre, Moscow School of Management Skolkovo, Retrieved April 28 2020, from: https://www.eriras.ru/files/forecast_2019_en.pdf
The World Bank (2014) Energy Efficiency in Russia: Untapped Reserves. Vol. 20675, pp.105-112.
United Nations (1987) Our Common Future, World Commission on Environment and Development, Retrieved May 10 2020, from:https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf
United Nations (1992) Agenda 21, United Nations Conference on Environment & Development, Retrieved May 12 2020, from:https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Agenda21.pdf
Word Bank (2019) Russia Economic Report, Retrieved March 02 2020, from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/russia/publication/rer
World Bank group (2016) Russia (I)NDCs., Retrieved April 03 2020, from: http://spappssecext.worldbank.org/sites/indc/PDF_Library/RU.pdf
(二)期刊論文
Arthur, L., Cato, M. S., Keenoy, T., & Smith, R. (2007) Corporate Social Responsibility in Your Own Backyard. Social Responsibility Journal. 3 (2), 32–38.
Becker, T. (Ed.) & Oxenstierna, S. (Ed.). (2019) The Russian Economy under Putin. London: Routledge, Part I (2), pp. 9-30.
Bernauer, T. & Nguyen, Q. (2015) Free trade and/or environmental protection?, Global Environmental Politics.15 (4) , 105-129 .
Brandi, C., Schwab, J., Berger, A., Morin, J.-F. (2020) Do environmental provisions in trade agreements make exports from developing countries greener?, World Development,V129, Retrieved May 15 2020, from:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X20300255#b0145
Ederington, J. & Minier, J. (2003) Is Environmental policy a secondary trade barrier? An empirical analysis, Canadian Journal of Economics, 36 (1), 137-154.
Georgeson, L., Maslin, M., Poessinouw, M. (2017) The global green economy: a review of concepts, definitions, measurement methodologies and their interactions. Geo: Geography and Environment. 4 (1).
https://rgs-ibg.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/geo2.36
Gusev, A. (2016) Evolution of Russian Climate Policy: from the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement. L`Europe en Formation, no 380,(2), pp.39-52. Retrieved May 24 2020, from: https://www.cairn.info/revue-l-europe-en-formation-2016-2-page-39.htm
Johnson, T. (2015) Information revelation and structural supremacy: The world trade organization’s incorporation of environmental policy, The Review of International Organizations, 10 (2), 207-229.
Klimenko, V.V., Fedotova E.V., Tereshin A.G. (2018) Vulnerability of the Russian power industry to the climate change. Energy , Jan 1, 2018, Vol.142(c), pp.1010-1022.
Kondrat’eva, O. E., Roslyakov, P. V., Skobelev, D. O., Guseva, T. V., Loktionov, O. A., Mikaelsson A. (2019) Developing the Cost-Estimation Technique When Switching to Best Available Power Technologies, Thermal Engineering vol 66, pp.513–520, Retrieved May 11 2021, from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S004060151907005X
Lozano, R. & Huisingh, D. (2011) Inter-linking issues and dimensions in sustainability reporting. Journal of Cleaner Production.19 (2), pp. 99–107.
Martus, E. (2017) Contested policymaking in Russia: industry, environment, and the ‘best available technology’ debate. Post-Soviet Affairs, 04 July 2017, Vol.33(4), pp.276-297.
Matraeva, L., Solodukha, P., Erokhin, S., & Babenko, M. (2019) Improvement of Russian energy efficiency strategy within the framework of ‘green economy’ concept (based on the analysis of experience of foreign countries). Energy Policy. Vol.125, pp.478-486.
Merino-Saum, A., Baldi, M.G., Gunderson, I., Oberle, B. (2018) Articulating natural resources and sustainable development goals through green economy indicators: A systematic analysis. Resources, Conservation & Recycling. Vol.139, pp.90-103.
Merino-Saum, A., Clement, J., Wyss, R., Baldi, M.G. (2020) Unpacking the Green Economy concept: A quantitative analysis of 140 definitions. Journal of Cleaner Production. Vol.242. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619332093
Mitrova, T & Melnikov, Y. (2019) Energy transition in Russia. Energy Transitions. 3 (1), pp.73-80.
Poltarykhin, A., Alekseev, А.E., Kudryavtsev, V.V., Makhanova, T.A., Voronkova, O.Yu., Aydinov, H.T. (2018) Prospects for the Development of the Green Economy of Russian Federation. European Research Studies Journal. Vol.XXI (Issue 4), pp. 470-479.
Roslyakov, P.V., Kondrat’eva, O.E., Skobelev, D.O., Guseva, T. V., Mikaelsson, A. (2020) Normative and Legal Regulation for Implementing the Best Available Technologies in Russian Heat-and-Power Engineering. Therm. Eng. 67, 733–740. Retrieved April 10 2021, from: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040601520100092
Thurner, T. W. & Roud, V. (2016) Greening strategies in Russia’s manufacturing – from compliance to opportunity. Journal of Cleaner Production, pp. 2851-2860.
Vukovic, N., Pobedinsky, V., Mityagin, S., Drozhzhin, A., & Mingaleva, Z. (2019) A study on green economy indicators and modeling: Russian context. Sustainability (Switzerland), September 2019, Vol.11(17), Retrieved May 03 2020, from:https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/17/4629/htm
(三)官網及網際網路
Barents Euro-Arctic Cooperation, Retrieved June 28 2021, from: https://www.barentscooperation.org/en
BAT reference documents,European IPPC Bureau, Retrieved June 16 2021, from: https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/
Best Available Techniques (BAT) to Prevent and Control Industrial Pollution, OECD, Retrieved July 09 2021, from: https://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/risk-management/best-available-techniques.htm
BREF ``Hydrocarbons exploration and extraction``, European IPPC Bureau, Retrieved May 12 2021, from: https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/inline-files/hydrocarbons_guidance_doc.pdf
Climate Change Still Seen as the Top Global Threat, but Cyberattacks a Rising Concern, Jacob Poushter & Christine Huang, Retrieved May 10 2021, from: https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2019/02/10/climate-change-still-seen-as-the-top-global-threat-but-cyberattacks-a-rising-concern/
Climate Friendly Economy: Introduction of Best Available Techniques in the Russian Federation , Green Policy Platform, Retrieved June 11 2021, from: https://www.greengrowthknowledge.org/project/climate-friendly-economy-introduction-best-available-techniques-russian-federation
Climate friendly economy: Introduction of best available techniques (BAT), International Climate Initiative (IKI), Retrieved June 25 2021, from: https://www.international-climate-initiative.com/en/details/project/climate-friendly-economy-introduction-of-best-available-techniques-bat-11_I+_046-2755
CO2 emissions (kt) - Russian Federation, Worldbank, Retrieved December 18 2020, from:
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.KT?end=2016&locations=RU&name_desc=true&start=1960&view=chart
Directive 2010/75/EU, industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control), Retrieved February 12 2021, from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32010L0075
Energy Efficiency Programs Saved 2.5+ bln rubles for the Russian Production, St. Petersburg International Gas Forum, Retrieved July 12 2021, from: https://gas-forum.ru/en/publications/02.10.19/5d94ac50ec62b2942677f0ba/?s=59a53d7bf033a2fe6bff937c
Environmental law and practice in the Russian Federation: overview, Thomson Reuters, Retrieved June 05 2021, from: https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/w-013-5609?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true
ETS Regulations under consideration in Russia, International Carbon Action Partnership, Retrieved May 22 2021, from: https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/news-archive/608-ets-regulations-under-consideration-in-russia
EU says no new trade deals with countries not in Paris Agreement, Climate home news, Retrieved March 24 2020, from:https://www.climatechangenews.com/2018/02/02/eu-difficult-imagine-trade-deals-countries-not-paris-agreement/
Export from Russia «All products» 2018 - 2019, Ru-stat, Retrieved February 12 2021, from: https://en.ru-stat.com/date-Y2018-2020/RU/export/world
Fossil CO2 emissions by country, An official website of the European Union, Retrieved April 12 2021, from:
https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=booklet2020&sort=des9
Global Green Economy Index (GGEI), Retrieved March 12 2020, from: https://dualcitizeninc.com/global-green-economy-index/index.php#interior_section_link
Government set to revise total number of hectares destroyed during bushfire season to 17 million, Retrieved February 20 2020, from: https://www.9news.com.au/national/australian-bushfires-17-million-hectares-burnt-more-than-previously-thought/b8249781-5c86-4167-b191-b9f628bdd164
Green Economy, UNEP, Retrieved July 28 2021, from: https://www.unep.org/regions/asia-and-pacific/regional-initiatives/supporting-resource-efficiency/green-economy
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/03/01/world/science-health-world/moscow-winter-weather/
Implementation Of Best Available Techniques In The Russian Federation: Overview, Alexander Romanov, Retrieved July 28 2020, from:
https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/documents/2016/AIR/WGSR/PPT_WGSR54/Item_5/5_Russian_Federation_Implementation_of_BAT.pdf
Increasing Energy Efficiency and Modernization of Energy Systems in Russia: A Review, Retrieved June 18 2021, from: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3164/htm#B68-energies-14-03164
Learn about Effluent Guidelines, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Retrieved February 12 2021, from: https://www.epa.gov/eg/learn-about-effluent-guidelines#BAT
Medvedev offers $200 million in climate financing to needy countries at UN climate talks, Bellona.org, 2009/12/18, Retrieved December 15 2020, from: https://bellona.org/news/climate-change/international-climate-conferences/2009-12-medvedev-offers-200-million-in-climate-financing-to-needy-countries-at-un-climate-talks
Medvedev, D. , twitter, https://twitter.com/MedvedevRussiaE
Moscow melts in historic June heat wave, Phys.org, 2021/06/22, Retrieved July 1 2021, from: https://phys.org/news/2021-06-moscow-battered-historic-june.html
Moscow winter `warmest since records began,` weather service says, Retrieved May 29 2020, from:
Nationally Determined Contribution Of The Russian Federation, Retrieved May 10 2021, from: https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Russia%20First/NDC_RF_eng.pdf
On the U.S. Withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, M. R. Pompeo, Secretary of State, US Department of State, Retrieved February 27 2020, from:https://www.state.gov/on-the-u-s-withdrawal-from-the-paris-agreement/
Pledges And Targets, Russian Federation, CAT, Retrieved December 18 2020, from: https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/russian-federation/pledges-and-targets/
Plenary session of St Petersburg International Economic Forum, President of Russia, Retrieved May 20 2020, from: http://en.special.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/52178
Putin ponders climate change in Arctic Russia, Darya Korsunskaya, Reuters, Retrieved December 26 2020, from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-climate-putin-idUSTRE67M3G920100823
Questions and answers about GIZ, Retrieved May 11 2021, from: https://www.giz.de/en/press/9785.html
Reference documents under other legislative instruments/policy documents, European IPPC Bureau, Retrieved May 12 2021, from: https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/bref_other_policy
Research · Government Funding, Retrieved May 25 2021, from: https://www.bmu.de/en/topics/research-government-funding/
Russia and Finland are in search of the best available technologies,2019/11/26, Retrieved June 29 2021, from: http://www.vodokanal.spb.ru/en/presscentr/news/russia_and_finland_are_in_search_of_the_best_available_technologies/
Russia communicated its first NDC, Platform For Redesign 2020, Retrieved May 12 2021, from: https://platform2020redesign.org/news/3566/
Russia drafts strategy for low-carbon development, Retrieved May 18 2021, from: https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Russia-drafts-strategy-for-low-carbon-development
Russia Energy Information, Enerdata, Retrieved July 28 2021, from: https://www.enerdata.net/estore/energy-market/russia/
Russia Federation/ Current policy projections, Climate Action Tracker, Retrieved April 18 2020, from: https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/russian-federation/current-policy-projections/
Russia formally submits NDC update to UNFCCC, CAT, Retrieved May 10 2021, from: https://climateactiontracker.org/climate-target-update-tracker/russian-federation/
Russia will not cut emissions under extended Kyoto climate pact, Nastassia Astrasheuskaya, Reuters, Retrieved May 03 2020, from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-kyoto/russia-will-not-cut-emissions-under-extended-kyoto-climate-pact-idUSBRE88C0QZ20120913
Russia, OECD, Retrieved June 12 2021, from: https://oec.world/en/profile/country/rus/#trade-products
Russia: Unlocking Opportunities for Green Investments, World bank Retrieved April 10 2020, from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/russia/publication/russia-unlocking-opportunities-for-green-investments
Russia’s Energy Strategy to 2035, The Russian Government, Retrieved April 28 2020, from: http://government.ru/en/all/25812/
Russia’s hottest September ever recorded saw temperatures rise 10 degrees above average, Retrieved December 22 2020, from: https://kyrnews.com/russias-hottest-september-ever-recorded-saw-temperatures-rise-10-degrees-above-average/
Russia’s Lackluster Record on Climate Change, Samuel Charap, 2010/05/27, Retrieved November 3 2020, from:https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/news/2010/05/27/7761/russias-lackluster-record-on-climate-change/
Russia’s Thawing Permafrost May Cost Economy $2.3Bln a Year», Retrieved April 12 2020, from:https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/10/18/russias-thawing-permafrost-may-cost-economy-23-billion-a-year-a67800
Russia`s Putin sees climate deal, but with conditions, Darya Korsunskaya, 2009/11/03, Reuters, Retrieved June 12 2020, from: https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-43621220091102
Selected results and impacts 2015 – 2019, Retrieved June 28 2021, from: http://www.good-climate.com/materials/files/168.pdf
Significant economic and environmental gains can be achieved by applying best available technology in the oil sector in the arctic, Arctic Council, 2020/06/25, Retrieved June 25 2021, from: https://arctic-council.org/en/news/best-available-technology-in-the-oil-sector-in-the-arctic/
Skepticism to Acceptance: How Putin`s Views on Climate Change Evolved Over the Years, The Moscow Times, Retrieved July 3 2021, from:https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/07/01/skepticism-to-acceptance-how-putins-views-on-climate-change-evolved-over-the-years-a74391
South-East Finland – Russia CBC 2014-2020, Retrieved June 25 2021, from: https://www.sefrcbc.fi/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/South-East-Finland-Russia-CBC-2014-2020-EIA-in-Russia_EN.pdf
Statement by President Trump on the Paris Climate Accord, Retrieved February 25 2020, from: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-president-trump-paris-climate-accord/
Statement by Russian Federation at the high level segment of COP16, Retrieved March 15 2020, from:
https://unfccc.int/files/meetings/cop_16/statements/application/pdf/101209_cop16_hls_russia.pdf
World Competitiveness Center/ Codebook 2018, IMD, Retrieved March 15 2020, from: https://www.imd.org/wcc/world-competitiveness-center-rankings/world-competitiveness-ranking-2018/
三、 俄文
(一) 專書暨報告
Е.Г. Ясин (2012)XIII апрельская международная научная конференция по проблемам развития экономики и общества, высшая школа экономики,национальный исследовательский университет. https://www.hse.ru/data/2013/01/28/1304832701/book4.pdf
(二)期刊論文
Lanshina, T. & Stepan, Z. (2018) Развитие высокотехнологичного сектора экономики в России / Development of the High-Tech Sector of the Russian Economy, p38, Retrieved May 18 2021, from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324669696_Razvitie_vysokotehnologicnogo_sektora_ekonomiki_v_Rossii_Development_of_the_High-Tech_Sector_of_the_Russian_Economy/citations
Бадовский, Дмитрий (2009) Модернизация россии: снова на развилке. Россия в глобальной политике. №3 2009 Май/Июнь https://globalaffairs.ru/articles/modernizacziya-rossii-snova-na-razvilke/
Иванов Владимир Александрович (2015) Анализ энергозатрат в различных отраслях промышленности, Интернет-журнал «Науковедение», Retrieved May 15 2021, from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/analiz-energozatrat-v-razlichnyh-otraslyah-promyshlennosti
Реальный сектор (2021) Промышленность России: итоги кризиса и ситуация в первом квартале 2021 г, Retrieved June 1 2020, from: https://www.hse.ru/pubs/share/direct/document/450451985.pdf
Юрий Медведев (2009) Климатический триллер-Человек не виноват в глобальном потеплении, Российская газета - Федеральный выпуск № 142(4966), Retrieved December 18 2020, from: https://rg.ru/2009/08/04/poteplenie.html
(三)官網及網際網路
Автоматический контроль выбросов и сбросов на объектах первой категории, Бюро НДТ, Retrieved July 10 2021, from: http://burondt.ru/informacziya/sak/
Банк «Центр-инвест» выпускает новые зелёные облигации, Ведомости, 2020/12/09, Retrieved April 28 2021, from: https://www.vedomosti.ru/press_releases/2020/12/09/bank-tsentr-invest-vipuskaet-novie-zelyonie-obligatsii-
Будущее рынка устойчивого финансирования в РФ: банки формируют рынок, Эксперт, 2021/3/31, Retrieved April 20 2021, from: https://raexpert.ru/researches/sus_dev/esg2021/
Бюро НДТ, Retrieved June 28 2020, from: http://burondt.ru/
В России создается принципиально новое регулирование экономики, основанное на уровне выбросов парниковых газов, Энергетика и промышленность России,03 June 2021, Retrieved June 10 2021, from: https://www.eprussia.ru/news/base/2021/2700670.htm
Видеоблог Дмитрия Медведева, 2009/12/14, Retrieved August 12 2020, from: http://blog.da-medvedev.ru/post/53/transcript
Внедрение передовых финских технологий в России помогает быстрее перейти к безотходной экономике, 2020/07/09, Retrieved June 29 2021, from: https://www.svkk.ru/novosti/vnedrenie-peredovyh-finskih-tehnologij-v-rossii-pomogaet-bystree-perejti-k-bezothodnoj-jekonomike-zamknutogo-cikla/
Встреча с членами Экспертного совета при Правительстве о повышении эффективности охраны окружающей среды, 2013/06/18, Retrieved May 03 2020, from: http://government.ru/news/2471/
Вся власть рабочим группам: кому нужны бессмысленные заседания, dp.ru, 2021/07/02, Retrieved July 22 2021, from: https://www.dp.ru/a/2021/07/02/v_kontekste_Vsja_vlast_ra
Глобальные климатические проблемы должны стать стимулом к повышению конкурентоспособности экономики, 2009/12/14, Retrieved December 10 2020, from: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/6328
Госдума приняла закон об ограничении выбросов парниковых газов, ТАСС, Retrieved June 10 2021, from: https://tass.ru/ekonomika/11525051
Госдума РФ приняла законопроект об ограничении выбросов парниковых газов и введении углеродной отчетности Энергетика и промышленность России,03 June 2021, Retrieved June 10 2021, from: https://www.eprussia.ru/news/base/2021/2707386.htm
Депутаты приняли закон об учете выбросов парниковых газов, российская газета, Retrieved June 22 2021, from: https://rg.ru/2021/06/01/deputaty-priniali-zakon-ob-uchete-vybrosov-parnikovyh-gazov.html
Для решения экологических проблем необходима единая государственная политика, Retrieved March 25 2020, from: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/7871
Дмитрий Медведев обсудил с экспертами варианты экологической реформы в России, 2013/06/18, Retrieved May 25 2020, from: https://open.gov.ru/events/5508290/?sphrase_id=109373
Доля высоких технологий в экономике России снизилась до уровня 2015 года, 2019/02/06, Ольга Агеева, телеканал, Retrieved June 15 2021, from: https://www.rbc.ru/economics/06/02/2019/5c598ccb9a7947731eea7477
Евгений Туголуков: Экологические технологии – это уже не прихоть, а реальное конкурентное преимущество, 2011/10/10, Retrieved April 25 2020, from: http://duma.gov.ru/news/6163/
ЗавершенныеДеловые игры, бюро НДТ,Retrieved March 12 2021, from: http://xn--90ag0adjp3f.xn--p1ai/
Закон об ограничении выбросов парниковых газов создаст новое регулирование экономики, Министерство экономического развития Российской Федерации, Retrieved June 10 2021, from: https://www.economy.gov.ru/material/news/zakon_ob_ogranichenii_vybrosov_parnikovyh_gazov_sozdast_novoe_regulirovanie_ekonomiki.html
Заседание президиума Госсовета по вопросам экологической безопасности , 2011/06/9, Retrieved Octorber 25 2020, from: http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/11519
Как изменилась за год торговля России с другими странами. Главное, РБК ,2021/02/15, Retrieved July 08 2021, from: https://www.rbc.ru/economics/15/02/2021/6028f9c79a794754fdb4362e
Как Проводится Деловая Игра, бюро НДТ, Retrieved May 01 2021, from: http://xn--90ag0adjp3f.xn--p1ai/how_to_participate/
Климатически нейтральная хозяйственная деятельность. Внедрение НДТ в РФ, Retrieved July 11 2021, from: http://www.good-climate.com/content/ru/news.php
Комиссия по модернизации экономики обойдется в 10 млрд руб, Ведомости, 2009/9,18, Retrieved December 18 2020, from: https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2009/09/16/komissiya-po-modernizacii-jekonomiki-obojdetsya-v-10-mlrd-rub
Комментарии К.А.Степанова на проект ФЗ в редакции от 14.07.2014, 2014/10/6, Retrieved Octorber 08 2020, from: http://ecopalata.ru/?page_id=3587
Комментарий: Программа Медведева по модернизации и шансы Европы, Инго Маннтойфель, 2009/12/11, Retrieved May 23 2021, from: https://p.dw.com/p/KVZ8
Медведев рассказал в своём блоге, как бороться с глобальным потеплением, ВЕСТИ RU, 2009/12/14, Retrieved December 10 2020, from: https://www.vesti.ru/amp/article/2030457
Медведев, Дмитрий FB, https://www.facebook.com/page/175517041850/search/?q=Изменение%20климата
Международный форум «Российская энергетическая неделя», Президент России, 2018/10/03, Retrieved December 25 2020, from: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/58701
Министерства экономического развития, http://old.economy.gov.ru/minec/main
Министерство природных ресурсов и экологии Российской Федерации, https://www.mnr.gov.ru/
Министерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации, https://minpromtorg.gov.ru/
Министерство экономического развития Российской Федерации, http://www.economy.gov.ru/
Наилучшие Доступные Технологии, Министерство Природных Ресурсов и Экологии Российской Федерации, Retrieved May 15 2020, from: http://www.mnr.gov.ru/docs/metodicheskie_dokumenty/nailuchshie_dostupnye_tekhnologii/
Наилучшие Доступные Технологии, Росстандарт, Retrieved July 10 2021, from: https://www.gost.ru/portal/gost/home/activity/NDT
Наилучшие Доступные Технологии: Вокруг Света За 80 Минут, Бюро НДТ, Retrieved June 25 2021, from: http://burondt.ru/informacziya/novosti/nailuchshie-dostupnyie-texnologii-vokrug-sveta-za-80-minut.html
О государственном регулировании выбросов парниковых газов и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты российской федерации, федеральный портал проектов нормативных правовых актов, Retrieved May 10 2020, from:
https://regulation.gov.ru/projects#npa=86521
О производстве и использовании валового внутреннего продукта (ВВП) за 2020 год, Федеральная служба государственной статистики, Retrieved July 08 2021, from: https://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/B04_03/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d02/18.htm
Об утверждении критериев отнесения объектов, оказывающих негативное воздействие на окружающую среду, к объектам I, II, III и IV категорий, Retrieved May 10 2020, from: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/420305438
Об участии России в Парижском соглашении по климату 2019/09/23, ,Retrieved December 19 2020, from: http://government.ru/docs/37917/
Перезапуск России: контур прорыва, 2010/01/13, Retrieved August 16 2020, from: https://iz.ru/news/357198
Перечень поручений о дополнительных мерах по стимулированию экономического роста, 2014/05/14, Retrieved May 29 2020, from: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/assignments/orders/23900
Пилотное предприятие проекта - Ферзиковский цементный завод ЛафаржХолсим - стал победителем конкурса «Надежный партнер – Экология», Retrieved May 25 2021, from:
http://www.good-climate.com/content/ru/shownews.php?id=478
Постановление Правительства РФ от 31 декабря 2020 г. N 2398 "Об утверждении критериев отнесения объектов, оказывающих негативное воздействие на окружающую среду, к объектам I, II, III и IV категорий",ГАРАНТ.РУ ,2020/12/31, Retrieved July 01 2021, from: https://base.garant.ru/400167826/
Правительство Российской Федерации Распоряжение от 13 марта 2019 N 428-р, Электронный фонд, Retrieved July 10 2021, from: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/553884112
Председатель Правительства Российской Федерации В.В.Путин провёл совещание «О комплексе мер по улучшению экологической обстановки в России», 2011/03/30, Retrieved July 03 2020, from: http://archive.government.ru/docs/14655/
Президент России, Retrieved July 11 2021, from: http://kremlin.ru/
Пресса России: Медведев не сделал погоды в Копенгагене,BBC, 2009/12/19, Retrieved August 16 2020, from:https://www.bbc.com/russian/russia/2009/12/091219_rus_press
Приказ Министерства природных ресурсов и экологии Российской Федерации от 18.04.2018 г. № 154, Retrieved June 12 2021, from: https://cdnimg.rg.ru/pril/156/31/11/51494.pdf
Программы энергоэффективности сэкономили российской промышленности более 2,5 млрд рублей,Expoforum, Retrieved June 12 2021, from: https://expoforum-center.ru/ru/news/programmy-energoeffektivnosti-sekonomili-rossijskoj-promyshlennosti-bolee-25-mlrd-rublej/
Распоряжение Правительства РФ от 19 марта 2014 г. № 398-р, Retrieved May 25 2020, from: https://meganorm.ru/Data2/1/4293747/4293747056.htm
России удалось достигнуть пятилетнего минимума энергоемкости ВВП,Retrieved June 12 2020, from: https://www.vedomosti.ru/business/articles/2021/01/17/854381-rossii-udalos
Российский союз промышленников и предпринимателей, https://www.rspp.ru/
Россия потеплела к изменению климата, Павел Феденко, BBC, 2009/12/04, Retrieved December 10 2020, from: https://www.bbc.com/russian/russia/2009/12/091204_russia_climate_fedenko
Россия: Кремль пересматривает отношение к теме глобального потепления , Иван Овсянников ,Eurasianet, Retrieved June 22 2020, from:https://russian.eurasianet.org/россия-кремль-пересматривает-отношение-к-теме-глобального-потепления
Россияне усваивают "зеленые" привычки, Владимир Полканов, 2021/06/23, Retrieved July 05 2021, from: https://www.ng.ru/economics/2021-06-23/100_192423062021.html
Росстат зафиксировал усиление сырьевой зависимости российской экономики, Ведомости, Retrieved June 1 2021, from: https://www.vedomosti.ru/economics/articles/2020/02/17/823221-rosstat-zafiksiroval-usilenie
Росстат представляет первую оценку ВВП за 2020 год, Федеральная служба государственной статистики,2021/02/01, Retrieved July 08 2021, from: https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/313/document/113015#
Семь шагов Путина: Кремль представил план технологической революции , 2014/05/24, Retrieved June 05 2020, from: https://www.zakon.kz/4626698-sem-shagov-putina-kreml-predstavil-plan.html
Средства и производство: промышленность РФ назвали слишком энергозатратной, Retrieved June 28 2021, from: https://iz.ru/1177167/valerii-voronov/sredstva-i-proizvodstvo-promyshlennost-rf-nazvali-slishkom-energozatratnoi
Статья 28.1. Наилучшие доступные технологии, Retrieved July 03 2020, from: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_34823/5b5677b304ec83610cb849eb108fadf413b1ea5a/
Стенограмма: О чем рассказал Владимир Путин на пленарном заседании ПМЭФ, RG.RU, 2021/06/04, Retrieved July 05 2021, from: https://rg.ru/2021/06/04/stenogramma-o-chem-rasskazal-vladimir-putin-na-plenarnom-zasedanii-pmef.html
Стенограммы заседаний, Retrieved July 10 2021, from: http://duma.gov.ru/legislative/transcripts/
Стенографический отчёт о заседании президиума Государственного совета по вопросам совершенствования государственного регулирования в сфере охраны окружающей среды ,2010/05/27, Retrieved December 12 2020, from:http://kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/7872
Стратегия Долгосрочного Развития Российской Федерации С Низким Уровнем Выбросов Парниковых Газов До 2050 Года, Retrieved May 22 2021, from: https://economy.gov.ru/material/file/babacbb75d32d90e28d3298582d13a75/proekt_strategii.pdf
Так что же такое «Техническое Задание»?, Хабра, Retrieved July 08 2021, from: https://habr.com/ru/post/300420/
Торгово-Промышленная Палата Российской Федерации, https://tpprf.ru/ru/
Утверждён перечень поручений по итогам заседания президиума Госсовета, 2011/06/21, Retrieved May 25 2020, from: http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/11642
Утверждён перечень поручений по итогам заседания президиума Государственного совета, 2010/06/07, Retrieved May 25 2020, from:http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/7980
Фгау Нии Цэпп, Retrieved July 11 2021, from: https://www.eipc.center/
Федеральная служба государственной статистики Введите свой запрос, Retrieved May 18 2021, from: https://rosstat.gov.ru/accounts
Федеральный Портал Проектов Нормативных Правовых Актов, Retrieved June 10 2021, from: https://regulation.gov.ru/projects#npa=86521
Электричество в России сочли почти самым дешевым в Европе, Retrieved June 28 2021, from: https://lenta.ru/news/2021/06/21/electroenergia/ |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
107263005 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107263005 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU202101692 |
| Appears in Collections: | [俄羅斯研究所] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 300501.pdf | | 6781Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 291 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
