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Title: | 死刑以外,生刑之極-終身刑之研究 Beyond the Death, the Ultimate Penalty─ A Study on Life Sentences |
Authors: | 呂欣恬 Lu, Hsin-Tien |
Contributors: | 謝如媛 呂欣恬 Lu, Hsin-Tien |
Keywords: | 終身監禁 無期徒刑 無假釋終身監禁 死刑替代刑 終身刑 |
Date: | 2021 |
Issue Date: | 2021-10-01 10:08:09 (UTC+8) |
Abstract: | 隨著世界上越來越多國家相繼廢除死刑,終身刑(Life Sentences,或稱Life Imprisonment)成為死刑以外最為嚴厲之刑罰,在國際上亦被廣泛使用。 過往,我國對於終身刑之討論大多聚焦於是否以此作為死刑之替代刑,然而終身刑之本質,及其適用與影響卻甚少被重視。有鑑於此,本文擬以終身刑為研究重點,就其源起、定義、類型,以及比較法上適用概況為介紹,並就我國是否要增訂無假釋終身刑,以及現行無期徒刑有關規定可能致生之問題為討論。 |
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(四)學位論文 (依作者姓氏筆劃排列) 1.陳志祥,《從國際人權法論罪刑相當原則》,國立臺灣海洋大學,法律研究所,碩士論文,2013年07月。 2.黃琪雯,《長刑期不得假釋受刑人在監適應及處遇需求之研究》,中央警察大學,犯罪防治研究所,碩士論文,2016年08月。
(五)其他 (網路新聞、網路資料、官方報告,依筆劃排列) 1.上報(2020/01/18),【職權上訴被動手腳】無期徒刑一審定讞 錢建榮轟:為法官開後門,檢自:https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=79027 2.王士齊(2015/06/01),【讀者投書】以「終身監禁、不得假釋」取代死刑,「獨立評論@天下」,https://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/52/article/2903 3.內政部統計處(2020),〈內政統計通報〉,檢自:https://ws.moi.gov.tw/001/Upload/OldFile/news_file/109%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC32%E9%80%B1%E5%85%A7%E6%94%BF%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E9%80%9A%E5%A0%B1_%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E8%A1%A8.pdf 4.今日新聞NOWnews (2020/11/26),「最新民調:贊成「廢死」只有4.7%」,檢自:https://news.campaign.yahoo.com.tw/2020election/article.php?u=99e2a30b-4066-3654-9fd8-c5e96ffc9097 5.立法院公報(2004),第94卷,第二期(3384),上冊,院會紀錄。 6.立法院第8屆第8會期第1次會議議案關係文,收文編號:1040005391,https://lci.ly.gov.tw/LyLCEW/agenda1/02/pdf/08/08/01/LCEWA01_080801_00273.pdf 7.民視新聞(2020/09/07),「惡龍」張錫銘拚假釋 不滿遭駁回再提行政訴訟,檢自:https://www.ftvnews.com.tw/news/detail/2020907S01M1 8.光緒二十三年刑律草案,刑律(大清光緒新法令 第十九冊),檢自:http://web.nchu.edu.tw/~hftsai/downloads/course/library/1.pdf 9.自由時報(2015/06/01),「梁文傑重申不廢死 應立法增加終身監禁」,檢自:https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/1335627 10.自由時報 (2015/02/02),「93歲服刑獄友當看護 還有老囚更高齡!」,檢自:https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/society/breakingnews/1221568 11.李佳玟(2020/10/27),「司法院會台字第11541號 盧恩本等聲請釋憲案爭點題綱一、二、四、五之鑑定意見」,檢自:https://cons.judicial.gov.tw/jcc/Uploads/files/yafen/4_%E9%91%91%E5%AE%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%8E%E4%BD%B3%E7%8E%9F%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88%E4%B9%8B%E9%91%91%E5%AE%9A%E6%84%8F%E8%A6%8B.pdf 12.吳景欽(2018/07/02),〈死刑存廢─用終身刑替代死刑,行不行?〉,ETtoday法律新聞,檢自: https://www.ettoday.net/news/20180702/1203457.htm#ixzz6ofVDn8p3 13.周怡孜(2016/03/31),「殺童處死刑或無期徒刑不得假釋?法務部:恐無裁量空間」,風傳媒。檢自:https://www.storm.mg/article/96657 14.法務部(2002/12/16),「中華民國法務部有關廢除死刑之政策」,檢自:https://www.moj.gov.tw/2204/2205/2323/2353/8712/ 15.陳新民,《法務部委託研究計畫「廢除死刑暨替代方案之研究」期末報告》,2007年12月10日。檢自:https://www.moj.gov.tw/media/1714/7121118305576.pdf?mediaDL=true 16.歐陽夢萍(2020/03/23),「立委盼增終身監禁 每10年公投決定廢死與否」,中央廣播電台,檢自:https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2056640 17.蘋果新聞網(2020/09/30),「穿山甲」詹龍欄關18年出獄!34次求假釋破紀錄 回老家親友認不得,檢自:https://tw.appledaily.com/local/20200930/T3YHS45V7NFD5DHOPI76WFES5A/ 18.Central News Agency(2015/06/01),「談廢死 柯文哲:用終身監禁取代死刑」,台灣英文新聞,檢自:https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/ch/news/2746795
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(二)期刊論文 (依作者姓氏五十音字母筆劃排列) 1.生田勝義,〈「終身刑」論と刑法のあり方(1)――国家的統制法の縮減と社会的調整(規整)法の展開,Control からregulation へ〉,立命館法学 ,2020年3号(391号)。 2.菊田幸一,〈長期受刑者の諸問題〉,法律論叢,第73卷,2001年。 3.謝如媛,〈台湾における仮釈放の動向—過剰収容と社会防衛の挟間に〉,神戶法學年報,第30卷,2017年11月24日。 4.吉開多一,〈英国の無期刑(3)―重大犯罪における行為と危険性との関係が問題になる一場面として―〉,國士舘法學第51号,2018年12月。 5.吉開多一,〈英国の無期刑(2) ―重大犯罪における行為と危険性との関係が問題になる一場面として―〉,國士舘法學,第50号,2017年12月。 6.吉開多一,〈英国の無期刑(1)-重大犯罪における行為と危険性との関係が問題になる一場面として-〉,国士舘法学,第49号,2016年12月。
(三)其他 (官方報告、民間報告,依五十音筆劃排列) 1.厚生労働省,〈令和元年簡易生命表の概況〉,檢自:https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/life/life19/index.html 2.日本弁護士連合会,〈死刑制度の廃止を求める要請書〉,2020年10月23日,檢自: https://www.nichibenren.or.jp/document/opinion/year/2020/201023.html 3.法務省,〈無期刑の執行状況及び無期刑受刑者に係る仮釈放の運用状況について〉,2020年11月,檢自:http://www.moj.go.jp/hogo1/soumu/hogo_hogo21.html
二、英文文獻 (一)專書 (依作者姓氏字母排列) 1.Leon Shaskolsky Sheleff (1987). Ultimate penalties : capital punishment, life imprisonment, physical torture, Columbus : Ohio State University Press. 2.Roger Hood, Carolyn Hoyle (2015), The Death Penalty: A Worldwide Perspective. Oxford, the fifth edition. 3.Van Zyl Smit, D., & Appleton, C (2019), Life imprisonment a global human rights analysis. Harvard University, Harvard Law School.
(二)專書論文 (依作者姓氏字母排列) 1.Beatriz López Lorca (2016), “Life Imprisonment in Latin America”, in Van Zyl Smit, D., & Appleton, C. Life Imprisonment and Human Rights, Chapter 2 (2016), [Kindle version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com. 2.Francisco Javier de León Villalba (2016), “Long-Term Imprisonment in Latin America”, in Van Zyl Smit, D., & Appleton, C. Life Imprisonment and Human Rights, Chapter 14 , [Kindle version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com. 3.Inês Horta Pinto (2016), “Punishment in Portuguese Criminal Law: A Penal System without Life Imprisonment”, in Van Zyl Smit, D., & Appleton, C. Life Imprisonment and Human Rights, Chapter 12, [Kindle version]. 4.Jessica S. Henry (2012), “Death-in-prison sentences: Overutilized and underscrutinized”, in Charles Ogletree and Austin Sarat, Eds, Life without parole: America’s new death penalty? 5.Lydia Bertram (2012), “Imprisonment as an Alternative to the Death Penalty. Historical Observations Complementary to an Emerging Discussion”, in Beyond the Death Penalty: The Development In Catholic Social Teaching, 1st edition. 6.Marie Gottschalk (2012), “No Way Out? Life Sentences and the Politics of Penal Reform”, in Charles Ogletree and Austin Sarat, Eds. Life without Parole: America’s New Death Penalty. New York: New York University Press. 7.Marion Vannier (2016), “A Right to Hope? Life imprisonment in France” in Van Zyl Smit, D., & Appleton, C (Eds.). Life Imprisonment and Human Rights, Chapter 8, [Kindle version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.
(三)期刊論文 (依作者姓氏字母排列) 1.Ashley Nellis (2021), “No End In Sight: America’s Enduring Reliance on Life Imprisonment”, The Sentencing Project. 2.Ashley Nellis (2017) , “ Still Life - America’s Increasing Use of Life and Long-Term Sentences”, The Sentencing Project. 3.Ashley Nellis (2013), “Life Goes On: The Historic Rise in Life Sentences in America”, The Sentencing Project. 4.Ashley Nellis & Ryan S. King (2009), “No Exit: The Expanding Use of Life Sentences in America”, The Sentencing Project. 5.“A Matter of Life and Death: The Effect of Life-without-Parole Statutes on Capital Punishment” (2006). Harvard Law Review, 119(6). 6.Berry, William W (2015), “Life-with-Hope Sentencing: The Argument for Replacing Life-Without-Parole Sentences with Presumptive Life Sentences”. Ohio State Law Journal, C. 76, S. 5. 7.Catherine Appleton & Bent Grøver (2007), “The Pros and Cons of Life Without Parole”, The British Journal of Criminology 47 (4). 8.Craig S. Lerner (2015), “Who`s Really Sentenced to Life Without Parole?: Searching for `Ugly Disproportionalities` in the American Criminal Justice System” . 9.Craig S. Lerner (2013), “Life Without Parole as a Conflicted Punishment”, Wake Forest Law Review, Vol. 48. 10.Ergul Celiksoy (2019) ,“Ongoing Problem of Irreducible Life Sentences in Turkey”, European Journal of Crime Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 27. 11.Gomes, S., Leote de Carvalho, M.J., Oliveira, R.V., & Duarte, V. (2019), “Trends and challenges in the Portuguese penitentiary system: from law to practice”, IV International Symposium EDiSo, Santiago de Compostela. 12.Hartmut-Michael Weber (2006),“Life Imprisonment and Secure Preventative Detention: Problems and Pitfalls”, Zeitschrift fur Internationale Strafrechtsdogmatik 8. 13.Henry, J. S., Salvatore, C., & Pugh, B.-E. (2018). “Virtual Life Sentences: An Exploratory Study”. The Prison Journal, 98(3). 14.Jeffrey Abramson (2004), “Death-is-Different Jurisprudence and the Role of the Capital Jury”, Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, vol 2, no. 1. 15.Julian H. Wright, Jr (1990), “Life-Without-Parole: An Alternative to Death or Not Much of a Life at All?”, Vanderbilt Law Review 529. 16.Meritxell Abella´n Almenara & Dirk van Zyl Smit (2015), “Human Dignity and Life Imprisonment:The Pope Enters the Debate”, Human Rights Law Review, Volume 15, Issue 2. 17.Olga Semukhina & John F. Galliher (2009), “Death penalty politics and symbolic law in Russia,International Journal of Law Crime and Justice”. 18.Peter B. Hoffman (2003), “History of the Federal Parole System - Department of Justice”, U.S. Department of Justice United States Parole Commission. 19.Robert Blecker (2010), “Less than We Might: Meditations on Life in Prison Without Parole”. Federal Sentencing Reporter, Vol. 23, No. 1, NYLS Legal Studies Research Paper No. 10/11 #7. 20.Ross Kleinstuber ,Sandra Joy, & Elizabeth A. Mansley (2017), “Into the Abyss: The Unintended Consequences of Death Penalty Abolition”, 19 U. Pa. J.L. & Soc. Change 185. 21.Van Zyl Smit, D (2010), “Outlawing Irreducible Life Sentences: Europe on the Brink?”, Federal Sentencing Reporter, Vol. 23, No. 1, Life Without Parole. 22.Van Zyl Smit, D (2004), “The death penalty in Africa”, African Human Rights Law Journal. 23.Villaume, A. C. (2005). “Life Without Parole” and “Virtual Life Sentences”: Death Sentences by Any Other Name. Contemporary Justice Review, 8(3). 24.William W. Berry III (2015), “Life-with-Hope Sentencing: The Argument for Replacing Life-Without-Parole Sentences with Presumptive Life Sentences”, Ohio State Law Journal, vol. 76, no. 5. 25.William W. Berry III (2013), “The Mandate of Miller”, American Criminal Law Review, Vol. 51, No. 1. (四)其他 (官方報告、民間報告、網路新聞,依字母排列) 1.Adam Liptak (2005/10/05), “Serving Life,With No Chance of Redemption; No Way Out: Dashed Hopes”, N.Y. TIMES. Retrieved from: http://www.wehaitians.com/serving%20life%20with%20no%20chance%20of%20redemption.html 2.Dan Boyd(2009/03/19) ,“Richardson Signs Bill Abolishing Death Penalty in N.M.” , Albuquerque Journal, Retrieved from: https://www.atlanticphilanthropies.org/news/richardson-signs-bill-abolishing-death-penalty-nm 3.Death Penalty Information Center, Retrieved from: https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/ 4.Eric Slater (1995/03/03), “Pizza Thief Receives Sentence of 25 Years to Life in Prison : Crime: Judge cites five prior felony convictions in sentencing Jerry Dewayne Williams under ‘three strikes’ law”, Los Angles Times. Retrieved from: https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-03-03-me-38444-story.html 5.European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment ,CPT(2016), “Situation of life-sentenced prisoners─Extract from the 25th General Report of the CPT ”. 6.Jamie Satterfield (2009/08/27), “Life without Parole: Jury Rejects Death Penalty for Letalvis Cobbins”, Knox News, Retrieved from: http://archive.knoxnews.com/news/local/life-without-parole-jury-rejects-death-penalty-for-letalvis-cobbins-ep-409663624-359242891.html 7.Jean Bérard & Gilles Chantraine (2007/01), “walled up alive”, Vacarme, Retrieved from: https://vacarme.org/article1351.html 8.Mario M. Cuomo (1989/06/17), “New York State Shouldn`t Kill People”, The New York Time, Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/17/opinion/new-york-state-shouldn-t-kill-people.html 9.Matt Taibbi (2013/03/27), “Cruel and Unusual Punishment: The Shame of Three Strikes Laws”, Retrieved from: https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/cruel-and-unusual-punishment-the-shame-of-three-strikes-laws-92042/ 10.Ministry of Justice, “National Statistics Offender management statistics quarterly: October to December 2020 and annual 2020”, Retrieved from: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/offender-management-statistics-quarterly-october-to-december-2020/offender-management-statistics-quarterly-october-to-december-2020-and-annual-2020--2 11.Ministry of Justice, “IPP Factsheet”, Available at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/legislation/bills-acts/legal-aid-sentencing/ipp-factsheet.pdf 12.News Porto(2017/06/30), Portugal abolished the death penalty 150 years ago, Retrieved from: https://www.porto.pt/en/news/portugal_abolished_the_death_penalty_150_years_ago 13.Pope Francis (2014/10/23), “Address of Pope Francis to the Delegates of the International Association of Penal Law”, Retrieved from: https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/speeches/2014/october/documents/papa-francesco_20141023_associazione-internazionale-diritto-penale.html 14.Pope John Paul II (2000/6/24), “Message of His Holiness John Paul II for the Jubilee in Prisons”, Retrieved from: http://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/messages/pont_messages/2000/documents/hf_jp-ii_mes_20000630_jubilprisoners.html 15.The Catholic Leader (2013/07/21), “Pope approves new criminal laws”, Retrieved from: https://catholicleader.com.au/news/pope-approves-new-criminal-laws_85803/ 16.Theresa Andrasfay & Noreen Goldman (2021),“Reductions in 2020 US life expectancy due to COVID-19 and the disproportionate impact on the Black and Latino populations”, Retrieved from: https://www.pnas.org/content/118/5/e2014746118 17.United Nations Office at Vienna Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch (1994), “Life imprisonment”, Available at: https://cdn.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/UNODC-1994-Lifers.pdf 18.United States Sentencing Commission, “Life Sentences in the Federal System”, Retrieved from: https://www.ussc.gov/research/research-publications/life-sentences-federal-criminal-justice-system
三、判決 (依時間先後排列) (一)歐洲人權法院 1.ECtHR, “Ilnseher v. Germany”, Applications nos. 10211/12 and 27505/14 (2018/12/04) 2.ECtHR, “Matiošaitis and Others v. Lithuania”, Applications no. 22662/13, 51059/13, 58823/13, 59692/13, 59700/13, 60115/13, 69425/13 and 72824/13 (2017/05/23) 3.ECtHR, “Hutchinson v. The United Kingdom”, Application no.57592/08. (2017/01/17) 4.ECtHR, “Murray v. The Netherlands”, Application no. 10511/10. (2016/04/26) 5.ECtHR, “Bodein v. France”, Application no. 40014/10. (2014/11/13) 6.ECtHR, “Khamtokhu and Aksenchik v. Russia”, Applications no. 60367/08 and 961/11, (2014/05/13) 7.ECtHR, “Vinter And Others v. The United Kingdom”, Application no. 66069/09, 130/10 and 3896/10. (2013/07/09) 8.ECtHR, “M. v. Germany” , Application no. 19359/04 (2009/12/17) 9.ECtHR, “Léger v. France” , Application no. 19324/02 (2009/03/30) 10.ECtHR, “Kafkaris v. Cyprus”, Application no.21906/04. (2008/02/12) 11.ECtHR, “Sawoniuk v. The United Kingdom”, Application no.63716/00, (2001/03/29) (二) 英國 1. UK Royal Courts of Justice, “R v Newell;R v. McLoughlin”, Case No: 2013/05646/A7 & 2013/05317/A5. (2014/02/18) 2. England and Wales Court of Appeal, “Bieber (Aka Coleman) v. R”, (2008/6/23)
(三) 美國 1.State of Louisiana v. Fair Wayne Bryant, 300 So. 3d 392 (La. 2020) 2.Graham v. Florida, 560 U.S. (2010) 3.Kansas v. Hendricks, 521 U.S. 346 (1997). 4.Harmelin v. Michigan, 501 US 957 (1991) 5.Schick v. Reed, 419 U.S.(1974) 6.Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972)
(五)其他 1.〔加拿大〕R. v. Bourque (J.C.), 2014 NBQB 237 (2014) 2.〔南非〕Constitutional Court of South Africa, S v Dodo (CCT 1/01) [2001] ZACC 16; 2001 (3) SA 382 (CC); 2001 (5) BCLR 423 (CC) (5 April 2001) 3.〔德國〕BVerfGE 45, 187(1977) |
Description: | 碩士 國立政治大學 法律學系 107651052 |
Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107651052 |
Data Type: | thesis |
DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU202101591 |
Appears in Collections: | [法律學系] 學位論文
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