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    Title: 早期非認知能力與成人初期憂鬱的關聯機制：社會資本、個人網絡遞移性與主觀社會地位的效應
    Early Non-cognitive Abilities and Young Adult Depression: Effects of Social Capital, Network Transitivity and Subjective Social Status
    Authors: 林逢凱
    Lin, Feng-Kai
    Contributors: 熊瑞梅
    鄭力軒
    Hsung, Ray-May
    Cheng, Li-Hsuan
    林逢凱
    Lin, Feng-Kai
    Keywords: 青少年轉型時期
    非認知能力
    心理健康
    主觀社會地位
    個人網絡遞移性
    社會資本
    Adolescence to young adulthood
    Non-cognitive
    Mental health
    Subjective social status
    Network transitivity
    Social capital
    Date: 2021
    Issue Date: 2021-09-02 17:39:39 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 青少年到成人轉型時期的心理健康問題向來受到各界關注。近期經濟學及心理學研究顯示，兒童及青少年時期的非認知能力為一項重要預測因子，足以影響兒童、青少年乃至於成人之後的身心健康。然而，現階段的研究中缺乏可靠的經驗證據，亦缺乏關聯機制的解釋。本文綜合非認知能力、社會階層與社會網絡的既有相關研究，針對關聯機制提出社會因素假說，主張青少年時期非認知能力與成人之後憂鬱情緒的關聯中，轉型時期逐漸形成的社會地位與社會網絡可能扮演了中介的角色。
    本文採用台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫（TEPS）及其後續調查（TEPS-B）資料，以追蹤樣本13歲時及25歲時的資料進行實證分析，發現青少年時期的非認知能力與成人初期的憂鬱情緒存在關聯。在控制了青少年時期的心理健康與認知能力等干擾因素的情況下，仍能得到顯著的負向關聯，13歲時勤勉審慎性愈高者到了25歲時憂鬱程度愈低。本文進一步檢驗關聯機制的社會因素假說，結果顯示此一關聯中有部分效果屬於社會階層及社會網絡所提供的間接效果，符合社會因素假說。這意味著13歲時的勤勉審慎性於轉型時期發揮作用，使個人擁有較高的主觀社會地位，或鑲嵌於提供較好社會支持與社會參與的個人網絡，進而提升25歲時的心理健康。
    本文研究結果強調心理能力特質與心理健康間的關聯並非純然的心理現象，心理能力特質亦可能通過社會過程來影響心理健康。眾多社會因素中，本文僅探討了社會資本、個人網絡遞移性與主觀社會地位的效應，其餘的可能效應則有待後續學者進一步的探索發掘。
    Mental health issues during an individual’s transition from adolescence to young adulthood have long been a topic of great interest in a wide range of fields. Recent studies in economics and psychology suggest that non-cognitive abilities in childhood and adolescence can predict lifetime health outcomes. However, findings from previous studies are unsatisfactory due to a lack of reliable empirical evidence and explication of underlying mechanisms. This study compiled current findings on non-cognitive abilities, social stratification, and social networks, and proposes a social factor hypothesis for the association mechanism. This social factor hypothesis asserts that social status and social networks formed during the transition-to-adulthood period are mediators in the association between non-cognitive abilities during adolescence and depression in young adulthood.
    This study utilized data from the Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS) and Taiwan Education Panel Survey and Beyond (TEPS-B) to conduct empirical analysis, using data based on two points in time: when the same subjects were of 13 years and 25 years of age, respectively. This study has found an association between non-cognitive abilities during adolescence and depression during young adulthood. After controlling for confounding factors such as mental health and cognitive abilities during the adolescent period, this negative association still is statistically significant: the higher the levels of conscientiousness at 13 years of age, the lower the levels of depression at 25 years of age. This study further tested the social factor hypothesis for the association mechanism, and the results show that the indirect effects of social stratification and social networks partially explain the association. Such results confirm the social factor hypothesis to be true. This means that the level of conscientiousness at 13 years of age played a role during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood, causing the individual to have higher subjective social status or to be embedded in a personal network that provided adequate social support and social engagement, which then improved one’s mental health at 25 years of age.
    The findings of this study emphasize that mental abilities, psychological traits, and issues of mental health are not purely psychological phenomena; mental abilities and traits can affect mental health via social processes. This study has only examined the effects of social capital, network transitivity, and subjective social status, and the possible effects of numerous other social factors await exploration by subsequent scholars in the future.
    Reference: 一、調查資料
    張苙雲，2005a，台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫：第一波（2001）國中學生問卷資料（會員版）（C00124_B）【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。doi: 10.6141/TW-SRDA-C00124_B-1
    ——，2005b，台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫：第一波（2001）國中家長問卷資料（會員版）（C00124_H）【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。doi: 10.6141/TW-SRDA-C00124_H-1
    關秉寅，2017a，「『台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫』後續調查：教育與勞力市場的連結」—2001/2003年國中學生樣本2014年調查（公共版）（E10259_3）【原始數據】。取自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心學術調查研究資料庫。doi:10.6141/TW-SRDA-E10259_3-2

    二、中文文獻
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    蔡承珈，2016，《教育與心理健康之關聯: 大學水平分化的效果》。台北：政治大學社會學研究所碩士論文。
    關秉寅，2017b，〈 從學校到勞力市場: 簡介 [台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫] 及其後續追蹤調查〉。《中國統計學報》 55（1）：25-41。

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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    社會學系
    106254007
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106254007
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202101536
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Sociology] Theses

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