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    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/137000


    Title: 對外國直接投資國家安全審查機制之研究-兼論WTO國家安全例外規範
    A Study on Foreign Direct Investment Screening Mechanism for National Security-with Reference to WTO Norm on National Security Exception
    Authors: 曾美幸
    Tseng, Mei-Hsing
    Contributors: 許耀明
    Hsu, Yao-Ming
    曾美幸
    Tseng, Mei-Hsing
    Keywords: 外國直接投資
    國際貿易
    國家安全
    基本安全例外
    國際投資法
    雙邊投資協定
    外國直接投資國家安全審查
    WTO爭端解決機制
    Foreign Direct Investment
    International Trade
    National Security
    Essential Security Exception
    International Investment Law
    Bilateral Investment Treaty
    Foreign Investment Screening For National Security
    WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism
    Date: 2021
    Issue Date: 2021-09-02 17:11:36 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: “Salus reipublicae suprema lex?”(國家安全是最高法律嗎?)
    隨著經濟全球化趨勢發展，外國直接投資與國際貿易已成為全球經貿發展之兩大驅動力，亦為多國籍企業擴展海外市場之重要經營策略，外國直接投資與國際貿易之關係亦由傳統之替代關係轉化為緊密鏈結關係。近年來，因部分外國併購投資涉及對地主國關鍵性產業或技術，以及敏感性產業之投資，引發各國對該等投資可能帶來國家安全之疑慮，「國家安全」遂成為國際投資法重要議題，許多國家亦紛紛建置外國直接投資國家安全審查機制，以作為各國捍衛對外國投資監理主權的安全閥。
    「國家安全」乃屬不確定法律概念，各國之國家安全審查，無論於定義範圍或審查標準均無一致性原則，此亦引發外國投資人對於地主國國家安全審查機制欠缺透明度及可預測性之疑慮；對於被否決案件，外國投資人是否具適當救濟管道，亦為外國投資人於赴他國投資時關切之重點。
    對於國際投資爭端，投資人可透過與地主國政府友好協商解決、於地主國國內尋求行政或司法救濟、或尋求國際投資爭端解決。投資人除可採前述投資人與國家爭端解決模式外，亦可採國與國爭端解決模式處理。惟對於國家安全審查結果引發之爭端，除訴諸投資人與地主國爭端解決外，是否可訴諸WTO爭端解決，是為本論文擬探討之主要議題。
    基此，外國直接投資國家安全審查機制雖屬各國內國法性質，本論文將從國際法角度探討外國直接投資國家安全審查機制於國際投資法之運用情形，將就「國家安全」概念之演進及國家安全例外規範與外國投資國安全審查之關係進行探討，並對美國、歐盟、德國及我國之外國直接投資國家安全審查機制及其運作情形進行分析。此外，本論文也就目前國際間普遍運用之投資人與地主國爭端解決機制及援引國家安全例外條款之投資爭端解決個案分析。最後，將就WTO爭端解決機制及援引國家安全例外條款之爭端解決案例分析，以探討外國直接投資國家安全審查引發之爭端，適用WTO爭端解決機制之可行性。
    With the development of economic globalization, foreign direct investment and international trade have become the two major driving forces for global economic and trade development as well as important business strategies for multinational corporations to expand overseas markets. The relationship between foreign direct investment and international trade has also transformed from a traditional substitution relationship into a close interlinkage relationship.
    As some foreign M&A investment activities engage in critical industries or acquiring technologies of the host country, they have aroused concerns among countries that such cross-border M&A investments will bring national security threats to the host country. Therefore, many countries start to implement a foreign direct investment screening mechanism for national security to protect their rights to regulate foreign direct investments.
    As "National security" is still an undefined legal concept, so far there is no worldwide consistent principle for foreign direct investment screening mechanism for national security. Foreign investors often criticize that the national security screening mechanism of the host country is not transparent and lacks predictability. Doubts on whether foreign investors could seek appropriate recourse against national security review decisions is also the main concern of foreign investors in considering whether to invest in other countries.
    Regarding international investment disputes settlement, investors can settle disputes through pursuing local administrative and judicial remedies in the host country, or seek international dispute settlement. However, for the disputes arising from the decision of the national security review, apart from resorting to Investor-State Dispute Settlement between investors and the host state, whether the disputes can be resolved through WTO dispute settlement mechanism is the main topic to be discussed in this thesis.
    This thesis aims to discuss the application of the foreign investment screening mechanism for national security from the perspective of international law. It will discuss the evolution of the concept of "national security" and analyze the relationship between international investment treaty and WTO norms on national security exception and foreign investment screening mechanism for national security. In addition, the thesis will study on the foreign direct investment screening mechanism for national security in the United States, the European Union, Germany, and Taiwan. Moreover, the thesis will discuss international investment dispute settlement mechanism followed by a case study on an investment dispute for national security exception issue. Finally, the feasibility of applying the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism to investment disputes arising from the decision of national security review will be explored through a case study on a WTO dispute case invoking GATT national security exception clause.
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    European Commission. REGULATION (EU) 2019/452 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL OF 19 MARCH 2019 ESTABLISHING A FRAMEWORK FOR THE SCREENING OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS INTO THE UNION.
    Germany. FOREIGN TRADE AND PAYMENT ACT. 2020.
    Germany. FOREIGN TRADE PAYMENTS ORDINANCE. 2020.
    The United States. CONSTITUTION AMENDMENT V
    The United States. 42 U.S. Code § 5195c - Critical infrastructures protection.
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    The United States. FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND NATIONAL SECURITY ACT OF 2007.
    The United States. FOREIGN INVESTMENT RISK REVIEW MODERNIZATION ACT OF 2018.
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    The United Kingdom. NATIONAL SECURITY AND INVESTMENT ACT 2021.
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    2012 THE UNITED STATES MODEL BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATY.
    2019 NETHERLANDS MODEL INVESTMENT AGREEMENT.
    2021CANADA MODEL FIPA (AGREEMENT BETWEEN CANADA AND FOR PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF INVESTMENTS).
    AGREEMENT AMONG THE GOVERNMENT OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM, THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, THE REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE, AND THE KINGDOM OF THAILAND FOR THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF INVESTMENTS. December 15, 1987.
    AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE BELGIUM-LUXEMBOURG-ECONOMIC UNION AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA CONCERNING RECIPROCAL ENCOURAGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF INVESTMENTS. June 6, 2005.
    AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF UKRAINE FOR THE PROMOTION AND RECIPROCAL PROTECTION OF INVESTMENTS. February 8, 1994.
    AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, THE UNITED MEXICAN STATES, AND CANADA. July 1, 2020.
    CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS, October 24, 1945.
    COMPREHENSIVE AND PROGRESSIVE AGREEMENT FOR TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP. March 8, 2018.
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    CONVENTION OF FRIENDSHIP, COMMERCE AND EXTRADITION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND SWITZERLAND. November 25, 1850.
    CONVENTION ON THE SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES BETWEEN STATES AND NATIONALS OF OTHER STATES. March 18, 1965, 575 U.N.T.S. 159.
    DRAFT ARTICLES OF RESPONSIBILITY OF STATES FOR INTERNATIONALLY WRONGFUL ACTS, International Law Commission. November 2001, Supplement No. 10 (A/56/10).
    ENERGY CHARTER TREATY. December 17, 1994, 2080 U.N.T.S. 95.
    FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF AUSTRALIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. December 20, 2015.
    General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, MINISTERIAL DECLARATION. Adopted on November 29, 1982. L/5424.
    General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, DECISION CONCERNING ARTICLE XXI OF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT, Decision of November 30, 1982. Adopted on December 2, 1982. L/5426.
    GUIDANCE TO THE MEMBER STATES CONCERNING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND FREE MOVEMENT OF CAPITAL FROM THIRD COUNTRIES, AND THE PROTECTION OF EUROPE’S STRATEGIC ASSETS, AHEAD OF THE APPLICATION OF REGULATION (EU) 2019/452 (FDI Screening Regulation).
    ICSID RULES GOVERNING THE ADDITIONAL FACILITY FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF PROCEEDINGS BY THE SECRETARIAT OF THE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTEs. April 2006.
    IISD MODEL INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT ON INVESTMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. International Institute for Sustainable Development.
    REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT. November 15, 2020
    STATUTE OF INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE. June 26, 1945.
    THE TREATY BETWEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC CONCERNING THE RECIPROCAL ENCOURAGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF INVESTMENT. November 14, 1991.
    THE TREATY OF LISBON.
    THE TREATY ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE EUROPEAN UNION.
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    World Trade Organization. UNDERSTANDING ON RULES AND PROCEDURES GOVERNING THE SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES.
    (8) Documents of Governments or International Organizations
    General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. MINISTERIAL DECLARATION. Adopted on November 29, 1982. L/5424.
    General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. DECISION CONCERNING ARTICLE XXI OF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT. Adopted on December 02, 1982. L/5426.
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    U.S. President Trump’s Executive Order of September 13, 2017 Regarding the Proposed Acquisition of Lattice Semiconductor Corporation by China Venture Capital Fund Corporation Limited.
    U.S. President Trump’s Executive Order of March, 12 2018 Regarding the Proposed Takeover of Qualcomm Incorporated by Broadcom Limited.
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法學院碩士在職專班
    107961020
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107961020
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202101444
    Appears in Collections:[Master of Laws Program for Executives] Theses

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