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| Title: | 租稅負擔、空氣污染與人口遷移-以臺灣為例
Tax Burden, Air Pollution and Migration--Evidence from Taiwan |
| Authors: | 胡嘉玲
Hu, Chia-Ling |
| Contributors: | 黃智聰
Huang, Jr-Tsung
胡嘉玲
Hu, Chia-Ling |
| Keywords: | 人口遷移
租稅負擔
空氣污染
空間杜賓模型
Migration
Tax Burden
Air Pollution
Spatial Durbin Model |
| Date: | 2021 |
| Issue Date: | 2021-08-04 16:03:35 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 由於人力資源是帶動經濟成長的關鍵因素，尤其臺灣正面臨少子化的問題，各縣市政府更需要思考如何制定政策方針以吸引人口遷入，同時減少人口的遷出。本研究之目的即在於探討租稅負擔、空氣污染等因素對人口遷移之影響，以臺灣二十個縣市（金門縣與連江縣除外）2014年至2019年的人口遷移資料為研究對象，被解釋變數係參照Huang and Chang（2018），以總人口淨遷入率衡量人口遷移之情況，並進一步將其區分為男性人口淨遷入率與女性人口淨遷入率進行討論。
針對總人口淨遷入率及男性人口淨遷入率，本研究使用隨機效果空間杜賓模型估計各縣市的實質人均稅賦與PM2.5濃度等因素對人口淨遷入率之影響；在女性人口淨遷入率的部分則是使用隨機效果模型進行估計。整體而言，人均稅賦、PM2.5濃度與犯罪率對人口淨遷入率有顯著的負向影響；而人均可支配所得、工業人口比例、就業成長率、人均社會福利支出與生師比對人口淨遷入率有顯著的正向影響。為增加人口淨遷入率，社會住宅與文化休閒設施的建設是各縣市政府可以思考的面向；而目前環保署所推動的各項空氣污染防制措施對降低PM2.5濃度已小有成效，各縣市政府可針對現有的政策進行補足，使空氣污染防制更加完善，以達成提高人口淨遷入率之目的。
Since human resources are the key factor in economic growth, especially for Taiwan with the problem of declining fertility rate, the local governments need to put more efforts on formulating guidelines and policies to attract people to move in and simultaneously reduce the number of people moving out. Using panel data including 20 counties and cities in Taiwan (except for Kinmen County and Lienchiang County) from 2014 to 2019, this paper aims to investigate the impact of tax burden, air pollution and other factors on population migration. Referring to Huang and Chang (2018), this paper uses the net migration rate as the explained variable to measure population migration, and further divide it into the male net migration rate and the female net migration rate for the analysis.
Regarding the net migration rate and the male net migration rate, this study uses the random-effect spatial Durbin models to estimate the impact of factors including real tax burden per capita and concentration of PM2.5 in each county or city on the net migration rate; the female net migration rate is estimated using a random-effect model. The primary findings of this study are that, on the whole, real tax burden per capita, concentration of PM2.5, and the rate of crime have a significant negative impact on the net migration rate while real disposable income per capita, ratio of employees in the secondary sector, employment growth rate, real social welfare per capita and student-teacher ratio have a significant positive impact on the net migration rate. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
財政學系
108255010 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108255010 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU202100656 |
| Appears in Collections: | [財政學系] 學位論文
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