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| Title: | 超越菁英政治與民粹主義：論索黑爾的群眾行動理論
Beyond Elite Politics and Populism: On Georges Sorel`s Theory of Mass Action |
| Authors: | 王名釤
Wang, Ming-Shan |
| Contributors: | 葉浩
Yeh, Hao
王名釤
Wang, Ming-Shan |
| Keywords: | 索黑爾
慕孚
社會主義
無政府工團主義
民粹主義
多元主義
基進民主
Georges Sorel
Chantal Mouffe
Socialism
Anarcho-syndicalism
Populism
Pluralism
Radical Democracy |
| Date: | 2021 |
| Issue Date: | 2021-08-04 15:55:42 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 喬治．索黑爾是一位活躍在十九世紀末到二十世紀初的法國思想家與政治行動者。長期以來，由於他在理論以及實踐上被認為欠缺一致性，後世研究者大多更傾向從歷史而非理論的角度來理解他。他與法西斯主義者之間錯縱複雜的關係，也使得他更具爭議性。他所身處的十九世紀末乃至二十世紀初，意識形態中瀰漫著對僵化的議會民主的悲觀、對資本主義社會的憎惡與革命情勢陰晴不定的不安氣氛。對索黑爾而言，雖然僵化停滯的資產階級議會民主對無產階級的壓迫是可憎的，但是奠基在對某種烏托邦主義幻象的追求之上的社會主義及各種革命訴求，又有著重演雅各賓革命的瘋狂的危險。在這斯庫拉與卡律布狄斯之間，他試圖透過對菁英主義在理論與實踐兩方面的反對，開創出一條屬於群眾的行動進路。這條進路的建構又以他反理性主義的知識論為基礎。我將首先透過對索黑爾學術生涯的回顧，說明他的群眾行動理論以暴力與神話的結合為核心。接著從理性與神話、菁英與群眾、強力與暴力三個方面，對索黑爾的各家詮釋加以釐清，並以當代基進民主理論家慕孚的觀點作為索黑爾群眾行動理論與當代議題之間的橋樑。首先透過對兩者異同之比較，定位出索黑爾在當代民粹主義與菁英政治討論中的理論位置，最後則透過近年的民粹主義討論，說明索黑爾那奠基於暴力與神話的結合之上，以群眾的持續行動為核心的動態行動理論如何帶給當代民粹主義與菁英政治爭論的困境一些新的啟發。
Georges Sorel was an active French thinker and political actor in the fin de siècle. For a long time, he`s considered to be an inconsistent figure in both theoretical and practical sphere. Due to the reason, later researchers usually tend to understand him from a historical perspective instead of a theoretical one. Besides, his complicated relationship with the Fascist has also made him more controversial. His contemporary, the fin de siècle, was permeated in ideology and social atmosphere with pessimism of rigid parliamentary democracy, hatred of capitalist society and the uncertainty about the situation of the revolution. For Sorel, although the oppression of the proletariat by the rigid and stagnant bourgeois parliamentary democracy was an abomination, but socialism and other revolution demands which based on the pursuit of certain utopian illusions were also in risk of emerging again the frenzy of Jacobin revolution. Between Scylla and Charybdis, he tried to find an approach for the action of the masses through his opposition to eliteism in both theoretical and practical sphere. And, the construction of this approach was based on his anti-rationalist epistemology. At first, I will review Sorel`s academic career to explain that the combination of violence and myth is the core element of his theory of mass action. Then, through the perspectives of reason and myth, elites and masses, force and violence, I will clarify the various later interpretations of Sorel, and bridge his theory and contemporary issues with the argument of Chantal Mouffe, the contemporary theorist of radical democracy. First, by comparing the similarities and differences between them, I will locate Sorel`s position in the contemporary discussions of populism and elite politics. Then, accompanied with a review of recent discussions of populism, we could find some new inspirations for the debate around populism from Sorel`s dynamic action theory centered on the continuous actions of the masses, which based on the combination of violence and myth. |
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| Description: | 博士
國立政治大學
政治學系
101252505 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101252505 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU202100928 |
| Appears in Collections: | [政治學系] 學位論文
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