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    題名: 大規模傳染疾病下的風險管理機制——以營業中斷保險為例
    The Risk Management Mechanism of Pandemic: A Study on The Business Interruption Insurance
    作者: 陳庭芳
    Chen, Ting-Fang
    貢獻者: 張冠群
    Chang, Kuan-Chun
    陳庭芳
    Chen, Ting-Fang
    關鍵詞: 新冠肺炎
    營業中斷保險
    非實體損失營業中斷保險
    大規模傳染性疾病
    風險管理
    風險移轉
    COVID-19
    Pandemic
    Business interruption
    Non-physical damage business interruption insurance
    Risk transfer
    Risk management
    日期: 2021
    上傳時間: 2021-08-04 15:42:12 (UTC+8)
    摘要:   科技發展與文化交流除為人類社會帶來經濟成長外,同時也創造舊時代所無之風險,極端氣候、恐怖攻擊、網路攻擊與大規模傳染性疾病儼然成為現今企業運營面臨之新興營業中斷風險,大規模傳染性疾病更因人口跨國移動成本下降而得以加速傳播,對全體人類健康及全球經濟造成莫大威脅。此外,於經濟全球化、產業高度分工之國際貿易趨勢下,個別企業或產業發生營業中斷,影響範圍也更甚過往。然而,傳統營業中斷保險啟動要件繫於承保標的發生實體損害,導致因新興風險發生而受有營業中斷損失,或因供應鏈上下游企業發生營業中斷間接導致企業無法維持正常運營之情形,被保險人將因營業處所或財產未受有實體損害而無從藉由營業中斷保險安排獲得損失填補。2019年年末,COVID-19疫情爆發,世界各國紛紛傳出營業中斷保險訴訟紛爭,更突顯傳統營業中斷保險於新興風險領域所能發揮之風險移轉功能極其有限。
      本文擬以本次COVID-19疫情為例,探討於大規模傳染性疾病風險之下,營業中斷保險於風險移轉機制如何有效發揮最適功能,並分析比較美國、英國、中國政府與保險業對於COVID-19疫情於營業中斷保險領域提出之相關政策措施及創新風險移轉方案,尋找我國於未來建制常態性大規模傳染病風險管理機制時適合借鑑之處,同時分析營業中斷保險採行獨立險與附加險型式之利弊,並檢視我國現行營業中斷保險附加條款與國際常用保單條款間之異同。
      結論與建議上,本文認為歷經本次疫情洗禮,保險監理機關應考慮於商業火災保險中加入傳染病條款,儘速引進非實體損失營業中斷保險商品,並建立一公司協力之常態性大規模傳染性疾病風險管理機制,俾使我國營業中斷保險制度能更臻完善,以有效防範未來之大規模傳染性疾病風險。
    Since the middle of the twentieth century, technological development and intercultural communication have not only brought economic growth to human society, but also created risks that did not exist before. Extreme climate, terrorist attacks, cyber-attacks, and global pandemics have become emergent business interruption (BI) risks for many businesses in today’s world. Moreover, the decline in the cost of cross-border population movement also allowed pandemics to spread more widely and rapidly, posing great threats to human health and the global economy. In addition, under the trends of economic globalization and industry specialization, the impact of BI in a single company or in a specific industry is greater than it was in past.
    However, the trigger of traditional BI insurance is “direct physical loss” or “material damage”. As a result, many of those insured who suffered from interruption loss due to emergent risks or business disruption in the supply chain cannot claim indemnity from BI policy. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in late 2019 led to amounts of BI insurance litigations around the world, which highlights how the risk transfer function of traditional BI insurance in the emergent-risks areas is extremely limited.
    This thesis used the COVID-19 pandemic as an example to examine how BI insurance can be more effectively utilized under the pandemic risk and analyzed the policies and innovative risk-transfer measures of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Chinese, and the Taiwanese governments as well as the insurance sectors to determine a suitable model for future establishments of the pandemic risk management mechanism for Taiwan.
    In conclusion, this paper recommended insurance supervisory agencies to add an infectious disease clause in the commercial fire insurance, introduce the non-physical damage business interruption insurance (NDBI) into the domestic insurance market, and establish a normative public-private-partnership pandemic risk management mechanism to ensure the BI insurance system can more effectively prevent pandemic risks in the future.
    參考文獻: 一、 中文文獻
    (一)專書
    王澤鑑(2004),債之關係的結構分析,收於:民法學說與判例研究,頁83-128,台北:自版。
    石燦明等合著(2010),火災保險,3版,台北:保險事業發展中心。
    江朝國(2009),保險法基礎理論,5版,台北:瑞興。
    陳柏蒼主編(2016),災害管理與實務,台北:五南。
    楊誠對(2008),意外保險:理論與實務,8版,台北:自版。
    劉宗榮(2016),保險法,4版,台北:自版。
    R. M. Walmsley著,鄭燦堂譯(1993年),英國標準火災保險單釋義,台北:保險事業發展中心。[Walmsley, R. M. 1989. Introduction to the Standard Fire Policies, Special Extensions and Special Perils. London: Croner. CCH Group Ltd.]
    (二)期刊論文
    吳秋蓉(2002),歐洲六大保險企業合組SRIR保險公司,現代保險,161期,頁74-75。
    吳秋蓉(2004),「恐怖保險公司」營運拉警報,現代保險,185期,頁120-121。
    吳玉鳳、林建智(2014),美國洪水保險市場失靈及其國家洪水保險制度之檢討,東海大學法學研究,44期,頁185-243。
    陳柏蒼、李哲源、陳勝義(2017),企業防災第一步──天然災害風險分析與評估,自然科學簡訊,29卷4期,頁119-125。
    陳麗娟(2016),EU公司治理下企業社會責任之研究,月旦財經法學雜誌,39期,頁45-72。
    陶存文、耿宇亭(2008),國外營業中斷保險制度及其啟示,保險研究,2008年4期,頁6-10。
    童陳芬(2010)淺談營業中斷保險商品知改進與研究,保險大道,60期,頁92-95。
    楊誠對(1981),營業中斷保險之研究,產險季刊,40期,頁84-99。
    謝明宏(2005),企業風險管理體制之規劃,風險與保險雜誌,6期,頁7-11。
    楊宏暉(2004),搭售行為之法律分析,公平交易季刊,12卷1期,頁99-168。
    羅俊偉、廖家宏(2007),論住宅火災保險附加地震基本保險合併販售是否為違法之搭售,公平交易季刊,15卷3期,頁67-104。
    (三)學位論文
    尹其言(2008),半導體通路商跨境營運企業風險管理之研究,國立政治大學經營管理碩士學程碩士論文。
    吳建隆(2012),百貨業營業中斷保險規劃之研究,淡江大學風險管理與保險學系保險經營管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。
    陳盈臻(2004),營業中斷保險之研究──從保險法規定檢討營業中斷保險附加條款,國立臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文。
    莊培均(2020),英國ABI全險式保險單之研究,淡江大學風險管理與保險學系保險經營管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。
    楊宏暉(2001),競爭法對於搭售行為之規範,國立政治大學法律研究所碩士論文。
    (四)其他資料
    張冠群主持(2016),天然巨災之科技風險及以保險方式作為風險管理暨風險溝通工具之政策分析,科技部補助專題研究計畫。
    二、 外國文獻
    (一)專書
    Banks, Erik. 2005. Catastrophic Risk: Analysis and Management. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
    Beck, Ulrich., Lash, Scott. &Wynne, Brian. 1992. Risk Society: Toward a New Modernity. New York: SAGE Publicaitons.
    Cloughton, David. 1991. Riley on Business Interruption Insurance. 7th ed. London: Sweet and Maxwell.
    Hedges, Bob A., Rodda, William H. Trieschmannm James S. & Wiening, Eric A. 1994. Commercial Property Risk Management and Insurance. 4th ed. Malvern, Pa. : American Institute for Property and Liability Underwriters.
    Honour, W. B. & Hickmott, G. J. R., M. B. E. 1970. Principles and Practice of Interruption Insurance. 4th ed. London: Butterworths.
    Huebner, Solomon S., Black, Kenneth II. & Cline, Robert S. 1996. Property and Liability Insurance. 4th ed. N. J. : Prentice Hall.
    Macken, A. G. & Hickmott, G. J. R. 1963. Insurance of Profits. 6th ed. London: Sir I. Pitman & Sons.
    Miller, A. G., Morrison, R. M. & Paris, S. J. 1987. Business Interruption Insurance: Its Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. Ohio: National Underwriter.
    (二)期刊論文
    Banham, Russ. (2020). This Insurance Would Have Helped in Coronavirus Crisis but Nobody Bought It. INSURANCE JOURNAL. Retrieved from https://www.insurancejournal.com/
    Beh, Hazel G. (2001/2002). Physical Losses in Cyberspace. CONNECTICUT INSURANCE LAW JOURNAL 8:55-86.
    Bisco, Jill M., Fier, Stephen G. & Pooser, David M. (2020). Business Interruption Insurance and COVID-19: Coverage and Issues and Public Policy Implication. JOURNAL OF INSURANCE REGULATION 39:1-24.
    Mayer, Glenn & Kollar, John. (2002). Catastrophe Risk Securitization: Insurer and Investor Perspectives. INSURANCE SERVICE OFFICE, INC.
    Schirle, Clark. (2018). Civil Authority and Ingress/Egress Coverage: Claiming Lost Income after Hurricanes and Other Catastrophic Events. LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO LAW JOURNAL 47:60-64.
    White, Paul S. & Breen, Siobhán A. (2020). Louisiana Joins States Proposing Legislation to Require Insurers to Cover COVID-19. National Law Review. 10:99.
    Wixted, Nicole., Turner, Erin M. & Paris, Afton J. (2020). Novel Coronavirus Prompts Coverage Litigation for Both Business Interruption and Canceled Events. NATIONAL LAW REVIEW. 10:260.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法律學系
    107651010
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107651010
    資料類型: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202101005
    顯示於類別:[法律學系] 學位論文

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