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    题名: 雙層股權結構相關法律問題之研究
    A Study on the Legal Issues of Dual-class Share Structure
    作者: 徐鈺婷
    贡献者: 朱德芳
    徐鈺婷
    关键词: 雙層股權結構
    複數表決權股
    多數表決權股
    限制性表決權股
    無表決權股
    Dual class share structure
    Multiple voting share
    Limited voting shares
    Non-voting share
    日期: 2021
    上传时间: 2021-08-04 15:41:48 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 隨著我國公司法於2018年修正,現行法已大幅開放一般非公開發行股份有限公司發行複數表決權股架構雙層股權結構,惟現行公開發行公司仍不被允許以此方式架構。本文除提出我國法下以限制性表決權股也架構雙層股權結構外,更參考香港及新加坡開放上市公司採行雙層股權結構之立法,認為我國也應開放公開發行公司以複數表決權股架構雙層股權結構。本文探討各國立法模式,進一步提出資本多元化的美國值得作為借鏡,以多元資本結構之立法為目標。除此之外,本文亦對於雙層股權結構進行利弊分析,並引進相關案例,提出有效提出配套措施控制雙層股權結構之代理成本,才能讓全部類型公司享有效益,讓我國資本結構更為多元。就配套措施而言,本文參考各國立法例,提出十三項配套措施,並將公司類型進行三大分類,以不同公司適用不同法律效力強弱之立法,以符合公司法修正後大小公司分流之觀點。
    As Taiwan passed new Corporate Law in 2018, all private share companies can issue multiple voting shares to construct dual class share structure. However, while the new law gives more spaces to private companies, public companies are still not allowed to do this. As the new legislation of Hong Kong and Singapore passed in 2018, allowing companies to go public in each country, this thesis argues that Taiwan can also permit public companies to issue multiple voting shares. This thesis provides legislation related to dual class share structure from many countries and promotes the capital structure in the US market, where companies can use dual class share structure for many years. This thesis also offers several cases and cost and benefit analysis for dual class share structure, concluding utilizing safeguards to lower agency cost is the best way to benefit all companies. Finally, there are total thirteen safeguards in the thesis referred from many countries, and each kind of company is regulated by different effects of legislation, which is in line with the point of view of differentiating big and small companies in the modification of Corporate Law in 2018.
    參考文獻: 一、 中文參考文獻
    (一) 專書論著
    1. 方嘉麟.黃銘傑.朱德芳等,變動中的公司法制:17堂案例學會《公司法》,元照出版公司初版,2018年10月。
    2. 王文宇,公司法論,元照出版有限公司,四版,2008年9月。
    3. 曾宛如,公司法制基礎理論之再建構,承法數位文化,一版,2011 年。
    4. 劉連煜,現代公司法,新學林,增訂第十一版,2015年。
    (二) 論文集
    1. 張心悌,股份表決權之彈性設計—從閉鎖性股份有限公司之立法談起,當前公司與證券法制新趨勢:賴英照講座教授七秩華誕祝賀論文集,元照出版公司,2016年8月。
    2. 劉連煜,雙層股權結構與公司治理—從阿里巴巴上市案談起,當前公司與證券法制新趨勢:賴英照講座教授七秩華誕祝賀論文集,元照出版公司,2016年8月。
    (三) 期刊
    1. 王文宇,中小型商業組織的法制設計與契約規劃,月旦法學雜誌,第287期,2019年4月。
    2. 王文宇,進出公司法—幾點跨領域的觀察,月旦民商法雜誌(創刊號),2003年9月。
    3. 王志誠,股東書面協議法制(下)-公開化或閉鎖化之判定基準?,月旦法學雜誌,第175期,2009年12月。
    4. 朱德芳,雙層股權結構之分析—以上市櫃公司為中心,月旦法學雜誌,第274期,2018年3月。
    5. 周振鋒,論股東代表訴訟的變革方向—以美國法為研析基礎,政大法學評論,第115期,2010年6月。
    6. 林國全,股份有限公司董事民事賠償責任之追究,月旦民商法雜誌,創刊號,2003年9月。
    7. 林懿洋,從薪酬監督外部治理看機構投資人之盡責管理,會計師季刊,第268期,2016年9月。
    8. 邵慶平,投保中心代表訴訟公益性:檢視、強化與反省,臺灣大學法學論叢,第 44 卷第1期,2015年3月。
    9. 張雪真、陳怡靜、張婉婷,堅不可摧的一股一權?淺介雙層股權制度,證券服務639期,2015年7月。
    10. 彭真明、曹曉路,控制權博奕中之雙層股權結構探析—以破解股權融資與稀釋的困境為視角,證券市場導報,2016年7月。
    11. 馮果,股東異質化視角下的雙層股權結構,政法論壇,第34卷第4期,2016年7月。
    12. 黃銘傑,「股東」平等原則 vs.「股份」平等原則-初探股東平等原則復權之必要性及可行性,月旦民商法雜誌,第31期,2011年3月。
    13. 廖大穎,企業經營與董事責任之追究-檢討我國公司法上股東代表訴訟制度,經社法制論叢,第37期,2006年1月。
    14. 廖大穎,論證券投資人保護機構之股東代表訴訟新制,月旦民商法雜誌第32期,2011年6月。
    15. 蔡英欣,股東表決權分配之規範模式,台大法學論叢第38卷第2期,2009年6月。
    16. 蔣小敏,美國雙層股權結構:發展與爭論,證券市場報導,2015年9月。
    17. 戴銘昇,台灣股東代表訴訟制度之現在與未來,台灣法學雜誌,第278期,2015年8月28日。
    (四) 研究計畫
    邵慶平,國家發展委員會「強化保護少數股東法制之研究」委託研究計畫,2016年5月。
    (五) 學位論文
    1. 枋啟民,少數股東民事訴訟救濟制度之檢討,國立臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文,2007年。
    2. 林佩瑩,閉鎖性公司之公司治理及少數股東之保障,國立政治大學法律學系碩士論文,106年1月。
    3. 張庭維,股東直接訴權之研究:以契約、侵權與法定救濟為中心,國立臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文,2015 年。
    4. 張竫榆,少數股東控制—以雙層股權結構為中心,國立台北大學法律學系碩士論文,106年7月。
    5. 魏薇,公司法上少數股東訴訟救濟途徑之研究,國立臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文,2013 年。
    (六) 立法文書
    公司法部分條文草案對照表,立法院公報,104卷54期4253號一冊,2015年6月12日。

    二 、英文參考文獻
    (一) 專書論著
    1. FRANK H. EASTERBROOK & DANIEL FISCHEL, THE ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF CORPORATE LAW (1996).
    2. REINIER KRAAKMAN ET AL., THE ANATOMY OF CORPORATE LAW: A COMPARATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL APPROACH (3rd ed. 2017).
    (二) 期刊

    1. Bernard S. Sharfman, A Private Ordering Defense of A Company’s Right to Use Dual Class Share Structure in IPOs, 63 VILLANOVA LAW REVIEW ISS 1 (June. 8, 2018)
    2. Bernard S. Sharfman, A Private Ordering Defense of a Company`s Right to Use Dual Class Share Structures in IPOs, 63 Vill. L. Rev. 1(2018).
    3. Brian A. Korman, The Corporate Game of Thrones and the Market for Corporate Control, 12 J. Bus. & Tech. L. 165 (2017).
    4. Douglas C. Ashton, Revisiting Dual-Class Stock, 68 ST. JOHN’S L. REV. 863,876(1994)
    5. F. Hodge O`Neal, Oppression of Minority Shareholders: Protecting Minority Rights, 35 Clev. St. L. Rev.121(1987)
    6. Frank Wooldridge, Rules governing the share capital of German public companies, 85 AMICUS CURIAE 20 (2011)
    7. Grant M. Hayden & Matthew T. Bodie, One Share, One Vote and the False Promise of Shareholder Homogeneity, 30 Cardozo L. REV 445 (2008).
    8. Harry DeAngelo &Linda DeAngelo, Managerial ownership of voting rights: A study of public corporations with dual classes of common stock, 14 JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS 33 (March, 1985)
    9. James Kristie:, Dual-class stock: Governance at the edge, 36 Directors & Boards 37 (Sep. 2012)
    10. Jason W. Howell, The survival of the U.S. dual class share structure, 44 JOURNAL OF CORPORATE FINANCE 440 (2017)
    11. Jeffrey N. Gordon, Ties that Bond: Dual Class Common Stock and the Problem of Shareholder Choice,76 CAL. L. Rev. 3 (1988)
    12. Jeong Seo, Who Will Control Frankenstein - The Korean Chaebol`s Corporate Governance, 14 Cardozo J. Int`l & Comp. L. 21(2006).
    13. Joel Seligman, Equal Protection in Shareholder Voting Rights: The One Common Share, One Vote Controversy,54 GEO. WASH. L. REV. 687 (1986).
    14. John H. Matheson & R. Kevin Maler, A Simple Statutory Solution to Minority Oppression in the Closely Held Business, 91 Minn. L. Rev 657.(Feb. 16, 2007)
    15. Kristy Wiehe, Oh, Snap: Do Multi-Class Offerings Signal the Decline of Shareholder Democracy and the Normalization of Founder Primacy, 12 VA. L. & BUS. REV.175 (2017).
    16. Lucian A. Bebchuk & Kobi Kastiel, The Untenable Case for Perpetual Dual-Class Stock, 103 VIRGINIA L. REV 585, 602-603 (April 18, 2017).
    17. Olivia Wang, The Dual-Class Share Structure, 2 EMORY CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY REVIEW 63(2016)
    18. Paul Lee, Protecting Public Shareholders: The Case of Google`s Recapitalization, 5 Harv. Bus. L. Rev. 281(2015)
    19. Ronald W Masulis, Cong Wang & Xie, Fei, Agency Problems at Dual-Class Companies. 64 JOURNAL OF FINANCE 1697 (August, 2009)
    20. Stephen I. Glover & Aarthy S. Thamodaran, Debating the Pros and Cons of Dual Class Capital Structures, 27 INSIGHT NO.3 (March 2013).
    21. Tian Wen, You Can`t Sell Your Firm and Own It Too: Disallowing Dual-Class Stock Companies from Listing on the Securities Exchange, 162 U. PA. L. REV. 1495(2014).
    22. Venky Nagar, Kathy Petroni & Daniel Wolfenzon, Governance Problems in Closely Held Corporations, 46 THE JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS 943 (2011).
    (三) 研究報告
    1. Anand, Anita, Governance in Dual Class Share Firms ,The Annals of Corporate Governance, Forthcoming,
    2. Andrew William Winden, Sunrise, Sunset: An Empirical and Theoretical Assessment of Dual-Class Stock Structures, Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University Working Paper No. 228( August 1, 2017)
    3. Arman Khachaturyan, The One-Share-One-Vote Controversy in the EU, ECMI Research Paper No. 1 (August 3, 2006)
    4. Epstein, Evan, Why Governance Matters for Your Startup, Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University Working Paper No. 232 (April 13, 2018)
    5. External Study Commissioned by the European Commission, Report on Proportionality Principle in the European Union (May 18, 2007)
    6. Flora Xiao Huang, Dual Class Shares Around the Top Global Financial Centres, University of Leicester School of Law Research Paper NO. 16-29 (June 9, 2016)
    7. Hu, Victoria & Mehta, Harikrishna & Mittal, Sonal & Wheeler, Jeffrey, Dual-Class Share Structures in Silicon Valley: Facebook, Inc(December 13, 2012)
    8. Rafael La Porta et al., Corporate Ownership Around the World, Harvard Institute of Economic Research Paper No. 1840(August 1998)
    (四) 網站文件
    1. Brockton Retirement Board v. Larry Page, 2012-7469, Delaware Chancery Court, Verified Class Action Complaint, availabl e at: https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/files/complaint-2.pdf
    2. CFA Institute, Dual-Class Share: The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly (August 2018), available at: https://www.cfainstitute.org/-/media/documents/survey/apac-dual-class-shares-survey-report.ashx
    3. Christian Cascante & Jochen Tyrolt, European Directive Takeover Guide, available at: https://www.ibanet.org/Document/Default.aspx?DocumentUid=D999E949-ED7C-44AE-86B1-2F2E8A36C069 (last visited: May 10, 2019).
    4. CII, Letter from CII to NYSE on One Share, One Vote, (Mar. 27, 2014), available at: https://www.cii.org/files/issues_and_advocacy/correspondence/2014/03_27_14_CII_letter_to_NYSE_one_share_one_vote.pdf
    5. Eve Tahmincioglu, The Pros & Cons of the Dual-Class Stock Structure: Two corporate governance experts battle it out, DIRECTORS & BOARDS (August 30, 2018), available at: https://www.directorsandboards.com/news/pros-cons-dual-class-stock-structure-two-corporate-governance-experts-battle-it-out (last visited: April 6, 2019).
    6. Google Inc., Letter from the Founders: "An Owner`s Manual" for Google `s Shareholders ,in Forms S-1 Registration Statement Under the Securities Act of 1933 (filed with the SEC on Apr. 29, 2004), available at: http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000119312504073639/ds 1.htm.
    7. HKEx, Concept Paper: Weighted Voting Rights (Aug. 2014),, available at: https://www.hkex.com.hk/News/Market-Consultations/2011-to-2015/August-2014-Weighted-Voting-Rights?sc_lang=en (last visited: April 14, 2019)
    8. HKEx, Consultation Conclusion: New Board Concept Paper (Dec.2017), available at: https://www.hkex.com.hk/News/Market-Consultations/2016-to-Present/June-2017-Concept-Paper-on-New-Board?sc_lang=en (last visited: March 17, 2019).
    9. HXEx, Concept Paper: New Board (June 2017), available at: https://www.hkex.com.hk/News/Market-Consultations/2016-to-Present/June-2017-Concept-Paper-on-New-Board?sc_lang=en (last visited: March 17, 2019).
    10. ISS, Report on Proportionality Principle in the European Union, 26 (May 18, 2007), available at: http://www.ecgi.org/osov/documents/study_report_en.pdf
    11. Letter from the Council of Institutional Investors to Evan Thomas Spiegel, Robert Murphy, and Michael Lynton, Snap Inc. Re: Proposed Multi-Class Structure for Post-IPO Snap Inc.(Feb. 3, 2017) https://www.cii.org/files/issues_and_advocacy/correspondence/2017/02_03_17_SNAP_IPO.pdf
    12. OECD, G20/OECD PRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE GOVERANANCE (2015), available at: https://www.oecd.org/daf/ca/Corporate-Governance-Principles-ENG.pdf.
    13. SGX, Consultation Paper, Possible Listing Framework for Dual Class Share Structures (Feb. 16, 2017), 9, available at: https://www2.sgx.com/regulation/public-consultations (last visited: April 3, 2019).
    14. The Council of Institutional Investor, Dual-Class Companies List (Feb. 2019), available at: https://www.cii.org/files/Feb%202019%20Dual%20Class%20Companies%20List.pdf (last visited: April 14, 2019).
    15. The Council of Institutional Investor, Dual-Class Stock, available at: https://www.cii.org/dualclass_stock (last visited: April 14, 2019).
    16. Tokyo Stock Exchange, New Listing Guidebook(2018),available at: https://www.jpx.co.jp/english/equities/listing-on-tse/new/guide/tvdivq0000002g9b-att/bv22ga0000001uhi.pdf
    17. TSX Venture Exchange, POLICY 3.5: RESTRICTED SHARES, (June 14, 2010), available at: https://www.tsx.com/resource/en/434 (last visited: May 12, 2019).
    18. UK Financial Reporting Council, The Wates Corporate Governance Principles for Large Private Companies, 8 (December, 2018), available at: https://www.wates.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Wates-Corporate-Governance_Screen-Dec-2018.pdf
    19. United Food and Commercial Workers Union and Participating Employers Tri-State Pension Fund v. Zuckerberg, 2018-0671, Delaware Chancery Court (Wilmington)., Verified Shareholder Derivative Complaint, available at: https://images.law.com/contrib/content/uploads/documents/394/3151/Facebook-Complaint.pdf
    20. Yvan Allaire, The Case for Dual-Class of Shares, IGOPP POLICY PAPER NO 11 (December, 2018), available at: https://igopp.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/IGOPP_PP_CaseDualShareClass_PP11_EN_v9_WEB.pdf (last visited: May 12, 2019).
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法律學系
    106651041
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106651041
    数据类型: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202100872
    显示于类别:[法律學系] 學位論文

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