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Title:	國際海事組織2020低硫限制 IMO 2020
Authors:	蕭裕翰 Hsiao, John
Contributors:	李曉惠 Lee, Hsiao-Hui 蕭裕翰 Hsiao, John
Keywords:	環境保護航運業規章新冠病毒 Environmental protection Shipping industry Regulation Covid-19
Date:	2021
Issue Date:	2021-07-01 19:00:34 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	For environmental protection, a global sulphur cap on ocean bunkers was enforced on 1st January 2020 by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Through a one-year observation, this study investigates how the international shipping industry reacts to this new regulation. We specifically focus on the ocean carriers’ reactions to the new regulation before and after the regulation as well as these carrier’s clients’ attitude toward this new regulation. As 2020 is also a year with a serious global shock—Covid-19 pandemic, we also explore the demand and supply changes on ocean carriers and how that may lead to a different reaction toward this IMO 2020 regulation. The main purpose of the sulphur cap is for a better environmental protection, to force carriers to use higher quality bunkers, and to lower pollution emissions. On the other hand, it also means additional costs for the shipping industry, thereby bringing concerns for both ocean carriers and their clients for these increasing costs. Through this one-year observation, we analyzed three strategies (installing a scrubber, using a liquid natural gas engine, and burning 0.5 % sulphur oil,) that carriers can take to be compliant with the regulation and the reasons why they decide which strategy they decide to take based on corporate structures (e.g., cost forecasting, operations inefficiency, infrastructure availability, short or long-term concerns over financial implications). Moreover, we also found customer behaviors changed these carriers both mentally and physically toward IMO 2020 due to the reversion of supply and demand in the market. From these established findings, we make conclusion about the key factors and background of 2020 can lead to the successful implementation of IMO 2020 without serious obstacle as the market expected before 2020.
Reference:	References 1. ABS advisory on exhaust gas scrubber system July 2018 https://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/advisories-and-debriefs/exhaust-gas-scrubber-systems-advisory.pdf 2. IMO MARPOL https://www.imo.org/en/KnowledgeCentre/ConferencesMeetings/Pages/Marpol.aspx 3. IMO and the Sustainable Development Goals https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/SustainableDevelopmentGoals.aspx 4. IMO https://www.imo.org/ 5. Wet or Dry? Which Scrubber Type will Reign Supreme? IQPC http://www.jadecreative.com/media/13881/Wet%20or%20Dry%20-%20Which%20Scrubber%20Type%20will%20Reign%20Supreme.doc.pdf 6. Practical Design of Marine SOx Scrubber for Mega-Container Ships Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review Vol. 56 No. 3 (September 2019) https://power.mhi.com/randd/technical-review/pdf/index_72e.pdf 7. LNG as a marine fuel-our zero emissions future starts now SEA-LNG’s https://sea-lng.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/200214_SEALNG2019reviewDIGITAL_compressed.pdf 8. EPA Penalty for violations by Ships of the Sulfur in Fuel Standard and Related Provisions https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-03/documents/marinepenaltypolicy.pdf 9. PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION FROM SHIPS Reducing Shipping Emissions of Air Pollution Feasible and Cost-effective Options https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/Air-Pollution.aspx 10. Review of marine transportation 2019 UNCTAD https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/rmt2019_en.pdf 11. Sustainability Report 2019 ONE https://www.one-line.com/en/news/ocean-network-express-releases-2019-sustainability-report 12. AIR POLLUTION AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY Study on effects of the entry into force of the global 0.5% fuel oil sulphur content limit on human health https://shippingwatch.com/article9069067.ece/binary/Svovl_tidlig_doed.pdf
Description:	碩士國立政治大學國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA) 106933001
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106933001
Data Type:	thesis
DOI:	10.6814/NCCU202100597
Appears in Collections:	[國際經營管理英語碩士學程IMBA] 學位論文

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