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    Title: 精釀啤酒廠創新商業模式之研究-以D公司為例
    Research on innovative business model of craft brewer-a case study of D Company
    Authors: 藍寅峻
    Lan, Yin-Chun
    Contributors: 詹文男
    藍寅峻
    Lan, Yin-Chun
    Keywords: PEST
    五力分析
    SWOT
    商業模式
    物聯網
    PEST
    Porter’s five forces
    SWOT
    Business model
    IoT
    Date: 2021
    Issue Date: 2021-06-01 14:55:39 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 台灣自從2002年加入WTO,國內啤酒市場就開始蓬勃發展,除了台灣菸酒公賣局改制成台灣菸酒公司,國外品牌商業啤酒也開始進口。即便在國內外商業啤酒強勢的行銷策略下,民間釀酒廠無不卯足全力,在夾縫中求生存。近年來,精釀啤酒產業還持續成長。

    本研究的目的在於(1)探討台灣精釀啤酒廠產業總體環境及產業狀況;(2)根據客戶需求及個案優劣勢,提出創新的商業模式。遂以PEST為工具來分析精釀啤酒產業總體環境,以Porter的五力分析探討該產業環境,並針對目標客群做深度的訪談,了解客戶需求。除此之外,以SWOT為分析工具,確認個案公司的優劣勢。最後,逐一檢視商業模式九宮格,提出個案公司創新商業模式。

    研究得到的結果是:

    從總體環境來看,政治因素上有稅賦及法律上的許多限制,社會因素上有酒駕問題、飲酒過量傷害健康問題,以及保護兒童及青少年的酒類通路限制,這些因素抑制產業發展;然而,經濟因素上有宅經濟,社會因素上有少子化問題造成個人化經濟興起、適度飲酒紓解壓力的觀念、與當地農產品結合的議題,科技因素上的物聯網及人工智慧普及,這些因素有利產業發展。從產業環境來看,除了新進者威脅、客戶議價能力較弱之外,其他的如同業競爭,替代品威脅,供應商議價能力都很強,產業環境不佳。

    從客戶需求來看,精釀啤酒愛好者的口味偏向多元化及新鮮。個案公司的優勢為IoT的技術及人才,劣勢為資本額小及知名度不足。所提出的創新商業模式為:以喜歡嘗試不同口味、新鮮生啤酒客戶為目標客群;快速開發不同口味、堅持新鮮、追求品質穩定為價值主張;透過擁有自己專賣店為通路;以試飲活動、建立會員資料來維持客戶關係;以IoT技術及人才為關鍵資源;口味的研發、生產過程的優化、辦體驗活動為關鍵活動;降低設備成本、水電費、廠房土地租金來縮減成本結構;販售精釀啤酒為其收益流。
    Since Taiwan joined the WTO in 2002, the domestic beer market has been booming. In addition to the transformation of the Taiwan Tobacco and Wine Monopoly Bureau into Taiwan Tobacco & Liquor Corporation, commercial beer of foreign brands has also begun to be imported. Even under the strong marketing strategy of domestic and foreign commercial beer, private breweries are all trying their best to survive in the cracks. In recent years, the craft beer industry has continued to grow.

    The purpose of this research is to (1) explore the micro environment and industrial conditions of Taiwan’s craft brewery industry; (2) propose innovative business models based on customer needs and the strengths and weaknesses of the case company. Therefore, this research uses PEST as a tool to analyze the micro environment of the craft beer industry, uses Porter`s five forces analysis to exam the industry environment, and conducts in-depth interviews with target customers to understand customer needs. In addition, use SWOT as an analysis tool to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the case company. Finally, review the nine categories of the business model one by one, and propose an innovative business model for the case company.

    The results of the research are:

    In terms of the micro environment, there are many tax and legal restrictions on political factors. Social factors include the problem of drunk driving, excessive drinking that harms health, and restrictions on alcohol access to children and adolescents, inhibit industrial development. However, as for economic factor, the stay-at-home economy; as for social factors, the rise of a personal economy from the problem of declining birthrate, the concept of moderate drinking to relieve stress, the topic of combining with local agricultural products; as for technological factors, the IoT and AI, are beneficial to the development of the industry. From the perspective of the industrial environment, threats of new entrants and bargaining power of customers are weak; others like competitive rivalry, threats of substitutes, and bargaining power of suppliers are very strong. Therefore, the industrial environment is not good.

    In terms of customer demand, the taste of craft beer lovers tends to be diversified and to be fresh. The advantage of the case company is the technical talents and resource of IoT; and the disadvantage is the small amount of capital and lack of visibility. The innovative business model proposed is: target customers are who like to try different flavors and fresh draft beer; quickly developing different flavors, insisting on freshness, and pursuing stable quality is the value proposition; use its own store as a channel; organize tasting activities, establish a VIP database to maintain customer relationships; take IoT technology and talents as key resources; take taste research and development, production process optimization, and experience activities as key activities; reduce equipment costs, utility and electricity bills, and rental rate of plant to reduce cost structure; sell craft beer as its revenue stream.
    Reference: 一、 中文文獻:

    1. 林謙(2008)。台灣精釀啤酒業者經營模式研究。未出版之碩士論文,政治大學,科技管理研究所,台北市。
    2. 杜啟弘(2017)。精釀啤酒目標市場分析。未出版之碩士論文,元智大學,管理碩士在職專班,桃園市。
    3. 黃建領(2004)。觀光休閒農莊設置小型啤酒廠意願之探討。未出版之碩士論文,東海大學,食品研究所,台中市。
    4. 張榮倉(2017),探討台灣精釀啤酒之消費行為分析。未出版之碩士論文,台北科技大學,工業工程與管理系,台北市。
    5. 詹文男等,(2020),數位轉型力。台灣:商周出版。
    6. 楊宗洲(2018)。精釀啤酒廠商業模式及經營策略研究-以南台灣精釀啤酒廠為例。未出版之碩士論文,台南大學,科技管理碩士在職專班,台南市。
    7. 楊心瑜(2019)。精釀啤酒廠經營策略之創新研究。未出版之碩士論文,世新大學,資訊傳播學系,台北市。
    8. 謝明凱(2013)。外商進入台灣啤酒市場之研究-以某一德國啤酒商為例。未出版之碩士論文,政治大學,經營管理碩士學程,台北市。
    9. 中华人民共和国国家标准(2008),啤酒,GB 4927—2008,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会。

    二、 中文網際網路

    1. 翁詒君(2017),『【啤酒入門】 什麼是精釀啤酒?啤酒達人幫你解答!』,上網日期2021年3月16日,檢自: https://www.winentaste.com/magazine/beer_change_craft
    2. 財政部國庫署(2021),菸酒業者相關資料,上網日期2021年3月16日,檢自: https://gaze.nta.gov.tw/dnt-bin/APDNT/index-system.jsp
    3. 財政部國庫署(2021),菸酒產製進口統計資料,上網日期2021年3月30日,檢自: https://www.nta.gov.tw/BOTAAA/multiplehtml/121
    4. 維基百科,PEST分析,上網日期2021年3月16日,檢自: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEST%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90#cite_note-2
    5. 維基百科,物聯網,上網日期2021年3月24日,檢自: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91
    6. MBA智庫百科,商業模式。上網日期2021年3月16日,檢自: https://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F
    7. MBA智庫百科,定性研究方法。上網日期2021年3月16日,檢自: https://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95
    8. 每日頭條(2018),『生啤、熟啤、原漿、純生、冰啤、干啤、扎啤有哪些區別?』,上網日期2021年3月16日,檢自: https://kknews.cc/food/mqre932.html
    9. 台灣啤酒官方網站。18天台灣生啤酒。上網日期2021年3月16日,檢自: https://www.twbeer.com.tw/product/Only18Days
    10. 關鍵評論(2019),『「精釀啤酒」和「工業啤酒」的差別在哪?』,上網日期2021年3月16日,檢自: https://www.thenewslens.com/article/116611
    11. 葉氏液態釀酒酵母專賣(2014)。『Homebrew酒譜特刊系列 - 科隆愛爾啤酒 Kolsch Ale』,上網日期2021年3月16日,檢自: https://www.facebook.com/yehsyeastcompany/posts/624848210933554:0
    12. 食力(2018),『精釀啤酒拒絕工業制式化,個性釀酒風味變化萬千』,上網日期2021年3月16日,檢自: https://www.foodnext.net/issue/paper/5852115649
    13. 工商雜誌(2020)。『台北「鮮釀啤酒吧」探訪實記』,上網日期2021年3月16日,檢自: https://topics.amcham.com.tw/2020/04/%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E3%80%8C%E9%AE%AE%E9%87%80%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92%E5%90%A7%E3%80%8D%E6%8E%A2%E8%A8%AA%E5%AF%A6%E8%A8%98/
    14. 商周雜誌(2021)。『農夫、品牌商都要他代工 香港釀酒師翻轉台灣啤酒市場』,上網日期2021年4月30日,檢自: https://www.businessweekly.com.tw/magazine/Article_mag_page.aspx?id=7003091


    三、 英文文獻:

    1. Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (2006). Qualitative research in education: an introduction to theory and methods: United States Edition.
    2. Christensen, C. (1997). The innovator’s dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Harvard Business Review Press.
    3. Cooper, D. R., & Emory, W. (1995). Business research methods. 5th ed. Chicago: Irwin.
    4. Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). Introduction: the discipline and practice of qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (p. 1–32). Sage Publications Ltd.
    5. Mason, J. (2002). Qualitative researching(2nd ed.) London: Sage.
    6. Myers, M. D. (2013). Qualitative research in business and management, Sage.
    7. Osterwalder, A. & Pigneur, Y. (2002). Business models and their elements. Position paper for the international workshop on business models, Lausanne, Switzerland.
    8. Osterwalder, A. & Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business model generation. England: John Wiley & Sons.
    9. Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive strategy: techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. New York: Free Press.
    10. Smith, J. K. (1983). Quantitative versus qualitative research: an attempt to clarify the issue. Educational Researcher, 12(3), 6-13.
    11. Van Maanen, J. (1979). Reclaiming qualitative methods for organizational research. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 520-526.
    12. Weihrich, H. (1982). The TOWS matrix - A tool for situational analysis. Long range planning, 15(2), 54-66.
    13. Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: design and methods, 3rd ed. Applied Social Research Methods Series, vol. 5: Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks.
    14. Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: design and methods(4th ed.) Thousand Oaks: SAGE.


    四、 英文網際網路

    1. Rappa M. (2021), Business models on the web, Retrieved March 16 2021, from http://digitalenterprise.org/models/models.html
    2. Brewer Association(2018), Craft Brewer Definition, Retrieved March 16 2021, from https://www.brewersassociation.org/statistics-and-data/craft-brewer-definition
    3. Brewer Association(2014), Craft Brewer Definition, Retrieved March 16 2021, from https://www.brewersassociation.org/attachments/0000/8660/State_of_the_Craft_Industry_Update_5.3.12.pdf
    4. Wikipedia(2021), Albert S. Humphrey, Retrieved March 16 2021, from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_S._Humphrey
    5. Orange Business Services(2019), How to brew a better beer with IoT, Retrieved March 16 2021, from: https://www.orange-business.com/en/magazine/brew-better-beer-with-iot
    6. United States Department of Agriculture (2020), Taiwan: Young Taiwan consumers say cheers to craft beer, Retrieved March 16 2021, from: https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/taiwan-young-taiwan-consumers-say-cheers-craft-beer
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)
    107932064
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107932064
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202100444
    Appears in Collections:[經營管理碩士學程EMBA] 學位論文

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