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    Title: 論國際法與國際關係之互動：以 2016年中菲南海仲裁案地緣政治之影響為例
    The Implications of the 2016 Arbitration on Geopolitics in the South China Sea: the Interaction Between International Law and International Relations
    Authors: 宋高祖
    Soong, Claus
    Contributors: 陳貞如
    Chen, Chen-Ju
    宋高祖
    Claus Soong
    Keywords: 南海仲裁案
    中美關係
    菲律賓
    越南
    聯合國海洋法公約
    2016 South China Sea Arbitration
    China-U.S. Relations
    Philippines
    Vietnam
    UNCLOS
    Date: 2020
    Issue Date: 2021-03-02 14:35:21 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本文主張，二零一六中菲南海仲裁案就南海問題法制化並海洋法公約一二一條三款的解釋不單為中菲兩國，也同時為其他聲索國在南海的紛爭提供了清晰的法律基礎。本文認為，仲裁案就海洋法公約的解釋構成了某種意義上的軟法，並為海洋法公約架構下南海相關以及其他未來類似案例提供指引。政治意義上而言，仲裁案為觀察國際法如何影響國際關係，特別是像中國與國際規範體系、東協與區域整合、中美關係惡化下的對峙等議題提供了新的視角。在區域層級上，藉由中國在仲裁結果公布後與東協成員國進行南海行為準則（CoC）協商而觀，仲裁案確有促進區域協調合作之效果，形成軟法以避免各相關國之間產生進一步衝突的可能。惟就此項趨勢而言，因中國以制度主義的方式實踐其現實主義下零和性的擴張式國家利益，南海行為準則此一規範之形成，實際上更加是往國際法律秩序碎片化的方向發展。對於菲律賓與越南而言，由仲裁案所帶來的法律解釋和澄清的海洋權利使得同北京的談判有更多籌碼。同時，美國在區域中的存在對於規模較小的聲索國面對中國時非常重要。但河內與馬尼拉也擔心對於華盛頓對南海區域秩序中是否有足夠的意願做出承諾，且是否願意支持其盟友對抗中國的擴張性行為。
    This thesis argued that by clarifying the Article 121(3) of UNCLOS, the 2016 South China Sea Arbitration provided a clear legal basis on the disputes that exist not just between China and the Philippines but also among other claimant states through the legalization of the South China Sea. The interpretations made by the Arbitration constitute a kind of soft law, which has influence within the framework of UNCLOS and provides guidance for future decisions beyond disputes in the South China Sea. Politically, the Arbitration offered a new dimension to observe how international law can shape the development of international relations, especially in issues areas such as China and the international rule-based system, ASEAN and regionalization, and the confrontations under worsening US–China relations. At the regional level, through Chinese behaviors and its negotiation with ASEAN on the development of the CoC, the Arbitration did foster regional coordination to cooperate on soft law to avoid further conflict among states. However, such development has seemed to lead toward fragmentation of the international legal order as China is using the means of institutionalism to realize its expansive national interest in a realist zero-sum sense. For Vietnam and Philippines, the leverage supplied by the Arbitration has provided a higher bargaining margin when negotiating with Beijing. Also, the US presence in the region is important for the smaller claimant states when facing China. However, Manila and Hanoi are concerned on how the United States would position itself in the region, how committed Washington is to the regional order, and how willing it is to support its allies to confront China’s expansive behaviors.
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    Thayer, Carl. “A Closer Look at the ASEAN-China Single Draft South China Sea Code of Conduct.” The Diplomat, August 6, 2018, thediplomat.com/2018/08/a-closer-look-at-the-asean-china-single-draft-south-china-sea-code-of-conduct.
    Vu, Truong Minh, and Nguyen Thanh Trung. “Vietnam’s Need for a Post-Arbitration Policy.” Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative, August 18, 2016, amti.csis.org/vietnams-need-post-arbitration-policy.




    Government Statements and Documents
    China
    Ministry of Foreign Affairs, People’s Republic of China. “Statement of the Government of the People’s Republic of China on China’s Territorial Sovereignty and Maritime Rights and Interests in the South China Sea.” The South China Sea Issues, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People’s Republic of China, July 12, 2016, www.fmprc.gov.cn/nanhai/eng/snhwtlcwj_1/t1379493.htm.
    People`s Daily. “习近平在第十二届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上的讲话 (Xi-Jinping’s Speech on the 1st Meeting of 12th National People Congress).’” People.cn, March 18, 2013, cpc.people.com.cn/n/2013/0318/c64094-20819130.html.
    Permanent Mission of the People’s Republic of China to the United Nations. “Note verbal the to the Secretary-General of United Nations”, CML/18/2009, May 7, 2009, https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmfaff/612/612.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2Vl6lA11JX4Je_uFwWbA_YvT1j84e82iXgk3JkHve-VL8hFdTC7S1WICs.

    United Kingdom
    Foreign Affairs Committee, House of Commons, 2019, China and the Rules-Based International System Sixteenth Report of Session 2017–19, https://Publications.parliament.uk/Pa/cm201719/Cmselect/Cmfaff/612/612.Pdf?Fbclid=IwAR0SJBQFCGEw3ljSz20z9Xarxbkko5ZbFdZRo2aroayjhynrCGwWJnzX7Ng.
    Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. “Frequently Asked Questions.” Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands, www.gov.gs/information/frequently-asked-questions.
    United States
    Department of Defense, US. “Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China.” Department of Defense, May 15, 2015, dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2017_China_Military_Power_Report.PDF.
    Pompeo, Michael R. “U.S. Position on Maritime Claims in the South China Sea - United States Department of State.” U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, July 13, 2020, www.state.gov/u-s-position-on-maritime-claims-in-the-south-china-sea.
    The White House. “Remarks by Vice President Pence on the Administration`s Policy Toward China.” The White House, The United States Government, October 4, 2018, www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-vice-president-pence-administrations-policy-toward-china.
    Wong, Alex N. “Briefing on The Indo-Pacific Strategy–United States Department of State.” U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, April 2, 2020, www.state.gov/briefing-on-the-indo-pacific-strategy.
    US Navy. “Display-FactFiles.” Aircraft Carriers - CVN > United States Navy > Displayy-Fact Files, www.navy.mil/Resources/Fact-Files/Display-FactFiles/Article/2169795/aircraft-carriers-cvn.

    Reports and Perspectives
    Hoang, Thi Ha, “Pitfalls for ASEAN in Negotiating a Code of Conduct in the South China Sea,” Perspective No. 57, Researchers at Iseas–Yusof Ishak Institute Analyse Current Events, July 23, 2019.
    Le, Hong Hiep, “Vietnam’s Position on the South China Sea Code of Conduct,” Perspective No. 22, Researchers at Iseas–Yusof Ishak Institute Analyse Current Events, April 4, 8, 2019.
    Kreuzer, Peter. Peace Research Institute Frankfurt, Dealing with China in the South China Sea: Duterte Changing Course, 2018.
    Peng, Edgar. ‘“Same-Same but Different’: Laos and Cambodia’s Political Embrace of China,” Perspective No. 66, Researchers at Iseas–Yusof Ishak Institute Analyse Current Events, September 5, 2017.
    Storey, Ian. “Assessing the ASEAN-China Framework for the Code of Conduct for the South China Sea,” Perspective No.62, Researchers at Iseas–Yusof Ishak Institute Analyse Current Events, August 8, 2017.

    International Treaties/Conventions and Cases
    Convention on the Law of the Sea, December 10, 1982, 1833 U.N.T.S. 397. 
    Eritrea v Yemen, Award on Territorial Sovereignty and Scope of the Dispute, (1998) XXII RIAA 211, (1999) 119 ILR 1, (2001) 40 ILM 900, ICGJ 379 (PCA 1998), October 9, 1998, Permanent Court of Arbitration.
    South China Sea Arbitration, Philippines v China, Award, PCA Case No 2013-19, ICGJ 495 (PCA 2016), July 12, 2016, Permanent Court of Arbitration.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法律學系
    104651014
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104651014
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202100179
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Law] Theses

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