Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/133453
|
Title: | 中日在東南亞之間進行基礎設施投資的“新大競爭”: 過渡國際秩序的英國學派分析 A ‘New Great Game’ of Infrastructure Investment between China and Japan in Southeast Asia: An English School Analysis |
Authors: | 李嘉和 Lee, Andrew |
Contributors: | 姜家雄 Chiang, Chia-Hsiung 李嘉和 Lee, Andrew |
Keywords: | 中國 一帶一路 英國學派 基礎設施投資 日本 東南亞 China Belt and Road Initiative English School Infrastructure Investment Japan Southeast Asia |
Date: | 2020 |
Issue Date: | 2021-01-04 11:30:19 (UTC+8) |
Abstract: | 隨著中國的崛起,對於中國在亞洲乃至世界範圍內的影響力,有許多悲觀的批評家。即使美國在該地區的影響力和全球領導力明顯下降,日本也需要對中國應該不僅在該地區而且在世界秩序中占主導地位之前應採取的行動作出迅速有效的反應。儘管日本仍被認為是亞洲的經濟大國,但無論從軍事上還是從經濟上來說,中國都比日本強大。日本將如何應對中國的影響力擴大?本文旨在分析中日之間的持續關係,因為隨著基礎設施投資已成為必不可少的因素,競技場似乎正在從西方主導的國際秩序轉移過渡秩序。本文試圖闡明兩個亞洲大國在東南亞地區投資基礎設施建設時的相互作用。因此,隨著國際秩序從西方主導的自由國際秩序向更加平衡的國際秩序的過渡,中日關係導致了一種不同的方法,並進入了新的“平衡”競爭與合作階段。確保國際社會的和平與穩定? With China’s rise, there are multiple pessimistic critics on China’s influence in Asia and even around the world. Even with the apparent decline of the U.S. influence in the region and of the global leadership, Japan needs to respond efficiently and quickly on what it should do before China could dominate not only the region but of the world order. Though Japan is still considered an economic giant in Asia, China is even stronger than Japan, both militarily and economically. How would Japan respond to China’s expansion of influence? This thesis is intended to analyze the ongoing relationship between China and Japan as the arena seems to shift a transitional order from the Western-led international order as infrastructure investment has become an essential factor. This thesis seeks to clarify the interaction between the two indigenous Asian great powers as they invest in infrastructure development in Southeast Asia. Therefore, with the transition of the international order from the Western-led liberal international order to a more balanced international order, is the relationship between China and Japan leading to a different approach with a new stage of a ‘balanced’ competition and cooperation to secure the peace and stability of the international society? |
Reference: | Aamir, A. (2019, October 19). Pakistan`s stalled China-backed rail project prompts turn to Japan. Retrieved from Nikkei: Asian Review: https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Belt-and-Road/Pakistan-s-stalled-China-backed-rail-project-prompts-turn-to-Japan ADB. (2017). Meeting Asia`s Infrastructure Needs. Manila: Asian Development Bank. ADB. (2018). Review of Configuration of the Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Corridors. Manila: Asian Development Bank. AEI. (2020). China Global Investment Tracker. Retrieved from American Enterprise Institute: https://www.aei.org/china-global-investment-tracker/?ncid=txtlnkusaolp00000618 Arase, D. (2019, November 12). 2019. ISEAS Perspective(94), 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2019_94.pdf ASEAN. (2019). ASEAN Investment Report 2019 - FDI in Services: Focus on Health Care. Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat. ASEAN Secretariat, The. (2019). ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2019. Jakarta: The ASEAN Secretariat. Retrieved from https://www.aseanstats.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/ASYB_2019.pdf Atsuko, M. (2016, April 5). Sino-Japanese competition heats up over Myanmar`s SEZs. Retrieved from East Asia Forum: https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2016/04/05/sino-japanese-competition-heats-up-over-myanmars-sezs/ Ba, A. D. (2014). Is China leading? China, Southeast Asia and East Asian Integration. Political Science, 66(2), 143-165. doi:10.1177/0032318714557142 Ba, A. D. (2019). Multilateralism and East Asian Transitions: The English School, Diplomacy and a Networking Regional Order. International Politics, 1-19. Barry Jones, R. J. (1998). The English School and the Political Construction of International Society. In B. A. Roberson, International Society and the Development of International Relations Theory (pp. 231-245). London: Continuum. Baumann, M. (2019). Eurasianist Rhetoric in Russia and Kazakhstan: Negotiating Hegemony Through Different Visions of Society. Central Asia and the Causcasus, 20(1), 34-43. Beeson, M. (2019). Rethinking Global Governance. London: Red Globe Press. Bernhardt, T. (2020, May 27). Myanmar`s unsteady exit from China`s orbit. Retrieved from East Asian Forum: https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2020/05/27/myanmars-unsteady-exit-from-chinas-orbit/ Bi, S. (2017). China and Japan, in the Mekong Region: Competition and Cooperation. In P. E. Lam, China-Japan Relations in the 21st Century: Antagonism Despite Interdependency (pp. 185-202). Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan. Brautigam, D. (2009). The Dragon`s Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Brînză, A. (2018, November 8). Japan`s Belt and Road Balancing Act. Retrieved from The Diplomat: https://thediplomat.com/2018/11/japans-belt-and-road-balancing-act/ Brown, K. (2020). Chinese Foreign Policy under Xi Jinping. In T. Inoguchi, The SAGE Handbook of Asian Foreign Policy: Volume 2 (pp. 579-596). London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Building the Belt and Road for win-win development. (2017, April 17). Retrieved from Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation: http://2017.beltandroadforum.org/english/n100/2017/0417/c25-195.html Bull, H. (2012). The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics (4th ed.). Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan. Buzan, B. (1983). People, States, and Fear: The National Security Problem in International Relations. Sussex: Wheatsheaf Books Ltd. Buzan, B. (2010). China in International Society: Is `Peaceful Rise` Possible? The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 3, 5-36. Buzan, B. (2015). The English School: A Neglected Approach to International Security Studies. Security Dialogue, 46(2), 126-143. Buzan, B., & Goh, E. (2020). Rethinking Sino-Japanese Alienation: History Problems and Historical Opportunities. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198851387.001.0001 Buzan, B., & Yongjin, Z. (2014). Contesting International Society in East Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cannon, B. J. (2018). Grand Strategies in Contested Zones: Japan`s Indo-Pacific, China`s BRI and Eastern Africa. Rising Powers Quarterly, 3(2), 195-221. Carrai, M. A. (2018). It is Not the End of History: the Financing Institutions of the Belt and Road Initiative and the Bretton Woods System. In J. Chaisse, & J. Górski, The Belt and Road Initiative: Law, Economics, and Politics (pp. 107-145). Leiden: Brill Nijhoff. doi:10.1163/9789004373792_006 Carvalho, P. M. (2015). China`s and Japan`s Foreign AId Policies vis-a-vis Lusophone Africa. Africa Spectrum, 50(3), 49-79. Chaisse, J. (2019). China`s International Investment Law and Policy Regime - Identifying the Three Tracks. In J. Chaisse, China`s International Investment Strategy: Bilateral, Regional, and Global Law and Policy (pp. 1-22). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chaisse, J., & Matsushita, M. (2018). China`s `Belt And Road` Initiative: Mapping the World Trade Normative and Strategic Implications. Journal of World Trade, 52(1), 163-186. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3134429 Chaisse, J., Ishikawa, T., & Jusoh, S. (2017a). Asia`s Changing International Regime: Sustainability, Regionalization, and Arbitration. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5882-0 Chaisse, J., Ishikawa, T., & Jusoh, S. (2017b). The Changing Patterns of Investment Rule-Making Issues and Actors. In J. Chaisse, T. Ishikawa, & S. Jusoh, Asia`s Chaing International Investment Regime (pp. 13-23). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5882-0_2 Chajdas, T. (2018). BRI Initiative: A New Model of Development Aid? In J. Chaisse, & J. Górski, The Belt and Road Initiative: Law, Economics, and Politics (pp. 416-453). Leiden: Brill Nijhoff. doi:10.1163/9789004373792_018 Chen, I. T.-y. (2019). China`s Economic Offensive and Its Discontent in Southeast Asia: Diminishing Footprints in Myanmar. In M. S. Diokno, H. M. Hsiao, & A. H. Yang, China`s Footprints in Southeast Asia (pp. 63-89). Singapore: NUS Press. Chiang, M.-H. (2019). Contemporary China-Japan Relations: the Politically Driven Economic Linkage. East Asia, 1-20. doi:10.1007/s12140-019-09321-x Chongkittavorn, K. (2019, July 9). How to Engage China and Japan Constructively. Retrieved from Bangkok Post: https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1709267/how-to-engage-china-and-japan-constructively Ciociari, J. D., & Haacke, J. (2019). Hedging in International Relations: An Introduction. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 19, 367-374. doi: 10.1093/irap/lcz017 Ciorciari, J. D. (2009). The Balance of Great-Power Influence in Contemporary Southeast Asia. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 9, 157-196. doi:10.1093/irap/lcn017 Costa Buranelli, F. (2018). Spheres of Influence as Negotiated Hegemony - The Case of Central Asia. Geopolitics, 23(2), 378-403. Cui, S., & Buzan, B. (2016). Great Power Management in International Society. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 9(2), 181-210. Cui, T. (2016, June 2). How to Bridge the Divide Over the S. China Sea: From Chinese Embassy in America. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/nanhai/eng/dshd_1/t1368676.htm Dadabaev, T. (2016). Japan in Central Asia: Strategies, Initiatives, and Neighboring Powers. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Dadabaev, T. (2018). Discourses of rivalry or rivalry of discourses: discursive strategies and framing of Chinese and Japanese foreign policies in Central Asia. The Pacific Review, 1-35. doi:10.1080/09512748.2018.1539026 De Castro, R. C. (2013). China and Japan in Maritime Southeast Asia: Extending their Geo-strategic Rivalry by Competing for Friends. Philippine Political Science Journal, 34(2), 150-169. doi:10.1080/01154451.2013.851491 Diokno, M. S., Hsiao, H. M., & Yang, A. H. (2019). China’s Soft Footprints in Southeast Asia: Accommodation and Contestation. In M. S. Diokno, H. M. Hsiao, & A. H. Yang, China`s Footprints in Southeast Asia (pp. 1-30). Singapore: NUS Press. Dollar, D. (2020, April). China and the West Competing over Infrastructure in Southeast Asia. Foreign Policy at Brookings, 1-12. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/fp_20200424_infrastructure_southeast_asia.pdf Donde, R., & Chaisse, J. (2017). The Future of Investors-State Arbitration: Revising the Rules? In J. Chaisse, T. Ishikawa, & S. Jusoh, Asia`s Changing International Investment Regime (pp. 209-227). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5882-0_12 Dreyer, J. T. (2006, July/August). Sino-Japanese Rivalry and Its Implications for Developing Nations. Asian Survey, 46(4), 538-557. Duchâtel, M. (2018, October 1). Japan-China Relations: Confrontation with a Smile. Retrieved from European Council on Foreign Relations: https://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_japan_china_relations_confrontation_with_a_smile Duggan, A. (2018, November 6). Japan, China and the Contest for Influence in Contemporary Asia. Retrieved from Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada: https://www.asiapacific.ca/blog/japan-china-and-contest-influence-contemporary-asia Dunne, T. (2016). The English School. In T. Dunne, M. Kurki, & S. Smith, International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity (pp. 107-126). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ebuchi, T., & Hadano, T. (2018, October 23). Japan to end China aid, and proposes joint assistance for others. Retrieved from Nikkei: Asian Review: https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Japan-to-end-China-aid-and-proposes-joint-assistance-for-others EU. (2019, September 27). The Partnership on Sustainable Connectivity and Quality Infrastructure between the European Union and Japan. Retrieved from European Union: External Action: https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/68018/partnership-sustainable-connectivity-and-quality-infrastructure-between-european-union-and_en Feng, S. (2005). Japanese aid to China: A comparison of ODA from Japan and Europe. In D. Arase, Japan`s Foreign Aid: Old Continuities and New Direction (pp. 203-223). Oxon: Routledge. Ferguson, I., & Hast, S. (2018). Introduction: The Return of Sphere of Influence? Geopolitics, 1-8. doi:10.1080/14650045.2018.1461335 Foot, R. (2019). China`s rise and US hegemony: Renegotiating hegemonic order in East Asia? International Politics, 1-16. doi:10.1057/s41311-019-00189-5 Fritz, M. (2020, January 26). Japan and China vie for influence in Indonesia. Retrieved from DW: https://www.dw.com/en/japan-and-china-vie-for-influence-in-indonesia/a-52156813 Gady, F.-S. (2020, April 10). Japan Intercepted Chinese Military Aircraft 675 Times in Fiscal Year 2019. Retrieved from The Diplomat: https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/japan-intercepted-chinese-military-aircraft-675-times-in-fiscal-year-2019/ GCR. (2018, October 26). Japan, China agree to cooperate on 50 international infrastructure projects. Retrieved from Global Construction Review: http://www.globalconstructionreview.com/new/japan-china-agree-cooperate-50-international-infra/ Glosny, M. A. (2016). Chinese Assessments of China`s Influence in Developing Asia. In E. Goh, Rising China`s Influence in Developing Asia (pp. 24-53). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Glosserman, B. (2020, April 15). The Mekong is the test of China`s leadership. Retrieved from The Japan Times: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2020/04/15/commentary/world-commentary/mekong-test-chinas-leadership/#.XwbacigzZEa Goh, E. (2011a). How Japan Matters in the Evolving East Asian Security Order. International Affairs, 87(4), 887-902. Goh, E. (2011b). Japan, China, and the Great Power Bargain in East Asia. EAI Fellows Program Workshop Paper Series. 32, pp. 1-21. Seoul: The East Asia Institute. Goh, E. (2013). The Struggle for Order: Hegemony, Hierarchy, and Transition in Post-Cold War East Asia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Goh, E. (2014). The Modes of China`s Influence: Cases from Southeast Asia. Asian Survey, 54(5), 825-848. doi:10.1525/AS.2014.54.5.825 Goh, E. (2016). Rising China`s Influence in Developing Asia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Gong, X. (2018). The Belt & Road Initiative and China`s Influence in Southeast Asia. The Pacific Review, 1-31. doi:10.1080/09512748.2018.1513950 Gong, X. (2020). Non-Traditional Security Cooperation between China and South-East Asia: Implications for Indo-Pacific Geopolitics. International Affairs, 96(1), 29-48. doi:10.1093/ia/iiz225 Gyamfi, A. K. (2017, December 7). A Speech by Ghana’s President calling for Africa to End its Dependency on the West is a Viral Hit. Retrieved from Quartz: https://qz.com/africa/1145953/ghanas-president-akufo-addo-shocks-frances-macron-with-africa-non-dependent-speech/ Haqqani, H. (2020, May 18). Pakistan Discovers the High Cost of Chinese Investment. Retrieved from The Diplomat: https://thediplomat.com/2020/05/pakistan-discovers-the-high-cost-of-chinese-investment/ Harwit, E. (1996, October). Japanese Investment in China: Strategies in the Electronics and Automobile Sectors. Asian Survey, 36(10), 978-994. Hast, S. (2014). Spheres of Influence in International Relations: History, Theory and Politics. London: Routledge. Heydarian, R. (2020, January 18). Scepticism rises in Philippines about Chinese projects and Duterte`s support of them. Retrieved from South China Morning Post: https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3046666/scepticism-rises-philippines-about-chinese-projects-and Hillman, J. (2018, February 6). China must play fair over BRI contracts. Retrieved from Nikkei: Asian Review: https://asia.nikkei.com/Viewpoints/Jonathan-Hillman/China-must-play-fair-over-BRI-contracts Hirono, M. (2019). Asymmetrical rivalry between China and Japan in Africa: to what extent has Sino-Japan rivalry become a global phenomenon? The Pacific Review, 1-32. doi:10.1080/09512748.2019.1569118 Hosoya, Y. (2019). FOIP 2.0: The Evolution of Japan`s Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy. Asia-Pacific Review, 26(1), 18-28. Howe, C. (1996). China and Japan: History, Trends, and Prospects. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hsu, L. (2020). ASEAN and the Belt and Road Initiative: Trust-building in Trade and Investment. China and the World: Ancient and Modern Silk Road, 3(1), 1-43. doi:10.1142/S2591729320500029 Huang, M. (2016). Policies and Practices of China`s Foreign Aid: A Comparision with Japan. In H. Kato, J. Page, & Y. Shimomura, Japan’s Development Assistance: Foreign Aid and the Post-2015 Agenda (pp. 135-148). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Hurley, J., Morris, S., & Portelance, G. (2018, March). Examining the Debt Implications of the Belt and Road Initiative from a Policy Perspective. Center for Global Development Policy Paper(121), 1-37. Retrieved from https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/examining-debt-implications-belt-and-road-initiative-policy-perspective.pdf Iida, M. (2009). Japan-China Relations in East Asia: Rivals or Partners? In M. Iida, China`s Shift: Global Strategy of the Rising Power (pp. 125-146). Tokyo: The National Institute for Defense Studies. Retrieved from http://www.nids.mod.go.jp/english/publication/joint_research/series3/pdf/3-6.pdf Ijiri, H. (1996). Sino-Japanese Controversy since the 1972 Diplomatic Normalization. In C. Howe, China and Japan: History, Trends, and Prospects (pp. 60-82). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ikenberry, G. J. (2018a). The End of Liberal International Order? International Affairs, 94(1), 7-23. doi:10.1093/ia/iix241 Ikenberry, G. J. (2018b). The Future of Liberal Order in East Asia. In P. Hayes, & C.-I. Moon, The Future of East Asia (pp. 81-101). Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4977-4_4 Ikenberry, G. J. (2018c). Why the Liberal World Order will Survive. Ethics & International Affairs, 32(1), 17-29. Iriye, A. (1996). Chinese-Japanese Relations, 1945-1990. In C. Howe, China and Japan: History, Trends, and Prospects (pp. 46-59). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jamrisko, M. (2019, June 22). China No Match for Japan in Southeast Asia Infrastructure Race. Retrieved from Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-23/china-no-match-for-japan-in-southeast-asia-infrastructure-race Jennings, R. (2019, May 9). Japan, Vietnam Teaming up to Resist China Expansion. Retrieved from Voice of America: https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/japan-vietnam-teaming-resist-china-expansion JETRO. (2018, October 26). 1st Japan-China Third Country Market Cooperation Forum. Retrieved from Japan External Trade Organization: https://www.jetro.go.jp/en/jetro/topics/2018/1810_topics11/ Jiang, Y. (2019). Competitive Partners in Development Financing: China and Japan expanding Overseas Infrastructure Investment. The Pacific Review, 1-31. doi:10.1080/09512748.2019.1569117 Jibiki, K. (2020, June 8). Indonesia woos Japan as China-led high-speed-rail project stalls. Retrieved from Nikkei: Asian Review: https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Transportation/Indonesia-woos-Japan-as-China-led-high-speed-rail-project-stalls?utm_campaign=RN%20Subscriber%20newsletter&utm_medium=daily%20newsletter&utm_source=NAR%20Newsletter&utm_content=article%20link&del_type=1&pub_ Joint Communique of the Leaders Roundtable of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. (2017, May 16). Retrieved from Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation: http://2017.beltandroadforum.org/english/n100/2017/0516/c22-423.html Jones, L. (2019). Does China`s Belt and Road Initiative Challenge the Liberal, Rules-Based Order? Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 1-21. doi:10.1007/s40647-019-00252-8 Kana, G. (2020, July 24). Malaysia eyes Japan projects. Retrieved from The Star: https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2020/07/24/malaysia-eyes-japan-projects Kang, D. C. (2007). China Rising: Peace, Power, and Order. New York: Columbia University Press. Katayama, K. (2013). China`s Rise and Japan`s Malaysia Policy. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaysia Press. Kawashima, S. (2018, November 1). A New Norm in China-Japan Relations? Retrieved from East Asia Forum: http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2018/11/01/a-new-norm-in-china-japan-relations/ Keal, P. (1983). Unspoken Rules and Superpower Dominance. London: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-06224-9 Kikuchi, T., & Unzaki, S. (2019, May). Japanese Infrastructure Investment in Southeast Asia. RSIS Policy Report, 1-17. Retrieved from https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/PR190503_Japanese-Infrastructure-Investmentin-in-SEA.pdf Kipgen, N., & Gupta, M. (2020, June 10). China`s BRI strategy and Laos: The Statesman contributors. Retrieved from The Straits Times: https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/chinas-bri-strategy-and-laos-the-statesman-contributors Kitano, N. (2004). Japanese Contribution in Supporting China`s Reforms: A Study based on ODA Loans. China Report, 40(4), 461-488. Koga, K. (2018). The Concept of "Hedging" Revisited: The Case of Japan`s Foreign Policy Strategy in East Asia`s Power Shift. International Studies Review(20), 633-660. Koga, K. (2019). Japan`s "Free and Open Indo-Pacific" Strategy: Tokyo Tactical Hedging and the Implications for ASEAN. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 41(2), 286-313. Kuik, C.-C., & Rozman, G. (2015). Light or Heavy Hedging: Positioning between China and the United States. Joint U.S.-Korea Academic Studies, 1-9. Kuo, Y. (2018). Japan`s Roles in the Indo-Pacific Strategy. Prospect Journal(19), 23-52. Kurlantzick, J. (2007). Charm Offensive: How China`s Soft Power Is Transforming the World. New Haven: Yale University Press. Kyoda News. (2020, June 27). Japan puzzled by Indonesia`s policy shift over high-speed rail plan. Retrieved from Kyoda News: https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/06/c51c37eedd49-japan-puzzled-by-indonesias-policy-shift-over-high-speed-rail-plan.html Lam, P. E. (2013). The Fukuda Doctrine: Origins, ideas, and praxis. In P. E. Lam, Japan`s Relations with Southeast Asia: The Fukuda Doctrine and beyond (pp. 10-23). Oxon: Routledge. Lam, P. E. (2018). Japan`s Rivalry with China in Southeast Asia: ODA, the AIIB, Infrastructural Projects, the Mekong Basin and the Disputed South China Sea. In J. D. Brown, & J. Kingston, Japan`s Foreign Relations in Asia (pp. 158-172). Oxon: Routledge. Lauridsen, L. S. (2019). Changing Regional Order and Railway Diplomacy in Southeast Asia with a Case Study of Thailand. In L. Xing, Mapping China`s `One Belt One Road` Initiative (pp. 219-248). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92201-0_9 Lee, C.-J. (1983, November). Japanese Policy Toward China. Current History, 371-375, 391-392. Lee, P. P. (2002, June). The Asian Financial Crisis: Understanding Japanese Assistance to Southeast Asia. Kajian Malaysia, 20(1), 33-55. Lee, P. P. (2003). Southeast Asian Political Relations with Japan (1952 to 1977): From San Francisco Peace Treaty to the Fukuda Doctrine. Institut Kajian Malaysia dan Antarabangsa Occasional Paper Series(25). Li, M. (2009). Cooperation for Competition: China`s Approach to Regional Security in East Asia. Security Politics in Asia and Europe, 121-134. Liao, J. C., & Dang, N.-T. (2019). The Nexus of Security and Economic Hedging: Vietnam`s Strategic Response to Japan-China Infrastructure Financing Competition. The Pacific Review, 1-28. doi:10.1080/09512748.2019.1599997 Lincoln, E. J. (2017). Japan`s Relationship with Southeast Asia: The Perpetual Potential Partner. In D. B. Denoon, China, the United States, and the Future of Southeast Asia (pp. 239-266). New York: New York University Press. Linklater, A. (2013). The English School. In B. Scott, & A. Linklater, Theories of International Relations (pp. 88-112). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Linklater, A., & Suganami, H. (2006). The English School of International Relations: A Contemporary Reassessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Little, R. (1998). International System, International Society and World Society: A Re-evaluation of the English School. In B. A. Roberson, International Society and the Development of International Relations Theory (pp. 59-79). London: Continuum. Little, R. (2007). The Balance of Power in International Relations: Metaphors, Myths and Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Little, R. (2009). History, Theory and Methodological Pluralism in the English School. In C. Navari, Theorising International Society: English School Methods (pp. 78-103). Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan. Liu, T. T.-T. (2016, March). Undercurrents in the Silk Road: An Analysis of Sino-Japanese Strategic Competition in Central Asia. Journal of International and Advanced Japanese Studies, 8, 157-171. Retrieved from http://japan.tsukuba.ac.jp/research/JIAJS8_ON3_Liu.pdf Liu, Z. (2016, July 9). Actively Practice the Asian Security Concept and Jointly Create a New Future of Asia-Pacific Security. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zygy_663314/gyhd_663338/t1379376.shtml Luskin, A. (2014). International Politics in Northeast Asia: A Case for Stability. In M. Maas, Foreign Policies and Diplomacies in Asia (pp. 73-92). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Maini, T. S. (2020, January 16). Japan-Vietnam Ties: The Economic and Strategic Relevance for Asia. Retrieved from The Geopolitics: https://thegeopolitics.com/japan-vietnam-ties-the-economic-and-strategic-relevance-for-asia/ Marquez, J., & Spanakos, A. (2014). South-South Relations and the English School of International Relations: Chinese and Brazilian Ideas and Involvement in Sub-Saharan Africa. Revista Brasileira de Politica Internacional(57), 138-156. doi:10.1590/0034-7329201400209 Masuo, C. T. (2019). Competitive Cooperation for Regional Development: Japan`s New Strategy to towards Rising China. Australian Journal of Politics and History, 65(3), 430-448. Maulia, E. (2020, January 10). Indonesia asks Japan to invest in islands amid China standoff. Retrieved from Nikkei: Asian Review: https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Indonesia-asks-Japan-to-invest-in-islands-amid-China-standoff METI. (2018, October 26). 52 MOCs Signed in Line with Convening of First Japan-China Forum on Third Country Business Cooperation. Retrieved from Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry: https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2018/1026_003.html Miller, B. (1995). When Opponents Cooperate: Great Power Conflict and Collaboration in World Politics. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. MOFA, Japan. (2019). Diplomatic Bluebook 2019: Japanese Diplomacy and International Situation in 2018. Tokyo: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan. MOFA, Japan. (2020, March 18). Opinion Poll on Japan. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan: https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002784.html MOFA, Japan. (2020, July 9). Records of Intrusions of Chinese Government and Other Vessels into Japan`s Territorial Sea. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan: https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/page23e_000021.html MOFA, Japan. (2020, February 17). White Paper on Development Cooperation / Japan`s ODA White Paper. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan: https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/page_000017.html MOFA, Japna. (2019). Diplomacy Bluebook 2019: Japanese Diplomacy and International Situation in 2018. Tokyo: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan. Retrieved from https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/000527162.pdf MOFA, the People`s Republic of China. (2016, September 3). Xi Jinping attends Opening Ceremony of the 2016 B20 Summit and delivers Keynote Speech, Stating that China has reached a New Historic Starting Point and G20 Should Advance the Construction of an Innovative, Open, Interconnected and Inclusive World Economy. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng//topics_665678/XJPCXBZCESGJTLDRDSYCFHJCXYGHD/t1395086.shtml Moramudali, U. (2019, May 14). Is Sri Lanka Really a Victim of China`s `Debt Trap`? Retrieved from The Diplomat: https://thediplomat.com/2019/05/is-sri-lanka-really-a-victim-of-chinas-debt-trap/ Myers, S. L., & Rich, M. (2018, October 26). Shinzo Abe Says Japan Is China`s `Partner,` and No Longer Its Aid Donor. Retrieved from The New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/26/word/asia/shinzo-abe-china-japan.html Naing, S. T. (2020, July 29). Suu Kyi courts Japan investment with new economic zone. Retrieved from Nikkei: Asian Review: https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Suu-Kyi-courts-Japan-investment-with-new-economic-zone Nicolas, F. (2018). Catching Up or Staying Ahead: Japanese Investment in the Mekong and the China Factor. Paris: Institut francais des relations internationales. Nikkei: Asian Review. (2020, January 6). Japan and Vietnam vow to uphold rule of law in South China Sea. Retrieved from Nikkei: Asian Review: https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Japan-and-Vietnam-vow-to-uphold-rule-of-law-in-South-China-Sea Nikkei: Asian Review. (2020, July 17). Japan reveal 87 projects eligible for `China exit` subsidies. Retrieved from Nikkei: Asian Review: https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Japan-reveals-87-projects-eligible-for-China-exit-subsidies Nikkei: Asian Review. (2020, August 6). Pakistan approves most expensive China-aided project to date. Retrieved from Nikkei: Asian Review: https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Belt-and-Road/Pakistan-approves-most-expensive-China-aided-project-to-date Nitta, Y., & Tanaka, Y. (2020, July 24). Japan Marubeni wins deal for $2bn Myanmar LNG power plant. Retrieved from Nikkei: Asian Review: https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Energy/Japan-Marubeni-wins-deal-for-2bn-Myanmar-LNG-power-plant Nye, J. S. (2011). The Future of Power. New York: Public Affairs. OECD - DAC. (2020). Net ODA. Retrieved from Organisation for Economic: http://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-data/aid-at-a-glance.htm OECD. (2018). China`s Belt and Road Initiative in the Global Trade, Investment and Finance Landscape. OECD Business and Finance Outlook 2018. Paris: OECD Publishing. Onishi, T., & Iwamoto, K. (2020, June 26). ASEAN stresses freedom of overflight above South China Sea. Retrieved from Nikkei: Asian Review: https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/ASEAN-stresses-freedom-of-overflight-above-South-China-Sea OpenDevelopment Mekong. (2019, February 18). Infrastructure. Retrieved from OpenDevelopment Mekong: https://opendevelopmentmekong.net/topics/infrastructure/#return-note-85432-5 Paikin, Z. (2020). Great Power Rivalry and the Weakening of Collective Hegemony: Revisiting the Relationship between International Society and International Order. Cambridge Review of International Affairs. doi:10.1080/09557571.2020.1720602 Parreñas, J. C. (1990). China and Japan in ASEAN`s Strategic Perceptions. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 12(3), 198-224. Pavlicervic, D., & Kratz, A. (2016, November). High-Speed Railways and Sino-Japanese Rivalry in Southeast Asia. EAI Background Brief(1187), 1-17. Pramudwinai, D. (2019, August 3). Co-Chair`s Statement of the 12th Mekong-Japan Foreign Ministers` Meeting. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan: http://www.mofa.go.jp/files/000504081.pdf Quayle, L. (2019). Southeast Asian Perspectives on Regional Alliance Dynamics: The Philippines and Thailand. International Politics, 1-17. Reeves, J. (2016). Chinese Foreign Relations with Weak Peripheral States: Asymmetrical Economic Power and Insecurity. Oxon: Routledge. Reuters. (2019, May 30). Cambodia PM dismisses fears of Chinese debt trap. Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cambodia-china/cambodia-pm-dismisses-fears-of-chinese-debt-trap-idUSKCN1T00U8 Reuters. (2020, June 19). China says one-fifth of Belt and Road projects `seriously affected by pandemic. Retrieved from Reuters: https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-china-silkroad/china-says-one-fifth-of-belt-and-road-projects-seriously-affected-by-pandemic-idUKKBN23Q0HZ?il=0 Reuters. (2020, February 29). Toyota plans new $1.2 billion EV plant in Tianjin with FAW: document. Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-toyota-china-electric/toyota-plans-new-1-2-billion-ev-plant-in-tianjin-with-faw-document-idUSKBN20N0H0 RIS, ERIA, IDE-JETRO. (2017). Asia Africa Growth Corridor: Partnership for Sustainable and Innovative Development. African Development Bank Meeting (pp. 1-30). Ahmedabad, India: Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS), Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), IDE-JETRO. Roy, D. (2005). Southeast Asia and China: Balancing or Bandwagoning? Contemporary Southeast Asia, 27(2), 305-322. doi:10.1355/cs27-2g Russel, D. R., & Berger, B. (2019, June). Navigating the Belt and Road Initiative. Asia Society Policy Institute, 7-44. Retrieved from https://asiasociety.org/sites/default/files/2019-06/Navigating%20the%20Belt%20and%20Road%20Initiative_2.pdf Sakamoto, K. (2018). Japan and China: A Contest in Aid to Sub-Saharan Africa. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. Sakuwa, K. (2009). A Not so Dangerous Dyad: China`s Rise and Sino-Japanese Rivalry. International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 9, 497-528. doi:10.1093/irap/lcp011 Sciorati, G. (2019). Friends or Foes? China and Japan`s Southeast Asian Battleground. Italian Institute for International Political Studies, 20-22. Retrieved from https://www.ispionline.it/sites/default/files/pubblicazioni/commentary_sciorati_16.04.2019.pdf Shambaugh, D. (1996). China and Japan towards the Twenty-First Century: Rivals for Pre-eminence or Complex Interdependence? In C. Howe, China and Japan: History, Trends, and Prospects (pp. 83-97). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Shambaugh, D. (2018). U.S.-China Rivalry in Southeast Asia: Power Shift or Competitive Coexistence? International Security, 42(4), 85-127. doi:10.1162/ISEC_a_00314 Shigeta, S. (2018, October 25). Thai `smart city` to be first of 50 Japan-China joint projects. Retrieved from Nikkei: Asian Review: http://www.asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Thai-smart-city-to-be-first-of-50-Japan-China-joint-projects Shoji, T. (2009). Pursuing a Multi-dimensional Relationship: Rising China and Japan’s Southeast Asia Policy. In J. Tsunekawa, The Rise of China: Responses from Southeast Asia and Japan (pp. 157-184). Tokyo: The National Institute for Defense Studies. Sims, K. (2019, October 24). Cooperation and contestation between the ADB and AIIB. Retrieved from East Asia Forum: https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2019/10/24/cooperation-and-contestation-between-the-adb-and-aiib/ Smith, T. W. (1999). History and International Relations. London: Routledge. Söderberg, M. (2018). Japanese Development Assistance as a Multipurpose Political Tool. In M. M. McCarthy, Routledge Handbook of Japanese Foreign Policy (pp. 306-317). Oxon: Routledge. Söderberg, M., & Reader, I. (2000). Japanese Influence and Presences in Asia. Surrey: Curzon Press. Sohn, Y., & Pempel, T. (2019). Japan and Asia`s Contested Order: The Interplay of Security, Economics, and Identity. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan. Stallings, B., & Kim, E. M. (2016). Japan, Korea, and China: Styles of ODA in East Asia. In H. Kato, J. Page, & T. Shimomura, Japan’s Development Assistance: Foreign Aid and the Post-2015 Agenda (pp. 120-134). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Stallings, B., & Kim, E. M. (2017). Promoting Development: The Political Economy of East Asian Foreign Aid. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan. Stern, G. (1995). The Structure of International Society: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations. London: Pinter Publishers. Storey, I. (2013). Japan`s Maritime Security Interests in Southeast Asia and the South China Sea Dispute. Political Science, 65(2), 135-156. doi:10.1177/0032318713508482 Suganami, H. (2003). British Institutionalists, or the English School, 20 Years On. International Relations, 17(3), 253-271. Sugiura, E. (2019, May 31). Laos can `manage` debt to China, PM insists. Retrieved from Nikkei: Asian Review: https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/The-Future-of-Asia-2019/Laos-can-manage-debt-to-China-PM-insists Suleman, M. (2020, June 30). How CPEC Left Behind the People of Gwandar. Retrieved from The Diplomat: https://thediplomat.com/2020/06/how-cpec-left-behind-the-people-of-gwadar/ Suzuki, S. (2014). Europe at the periphery of the Japanese world order. In S. Suzuki, Y. Zhang, & J. Quirk, International Order in the Early Modern World (pp. 76-93). Oxon: Routledge. Szechenyi, N., & Hosoya, Y. (2019, October). Working Toward a Free and Open. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1-6. Tam, M. (2019, July 3). Vietnam tops priority of Japanese infrastructure investment. Retrieved from Hanoi Times: http://hanoitimes.vn/vietnam-tops-priority-of-japanese-infrastructure-investment-45337.html Tang, S. M., Hoang, T. H., Saelaow, A. Q., Ong, G., & Pham, T. P. (2020). The State of Southeast Asia: 2020 Survey Report. Singapore: ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. Taube, M. (2002). Japan`s Role in China`s Industrialization. In H. G. Hilpert, & R. Haak, Japan and China: Cooperation, Competition and Conflict (pp. 103-120). Hampshire: Palgrave. The White House. (2018, November 17). Joint Statement of the Governments of the United States of America, Australia, and Japan. Retrieved from The White House: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/joint-statement-governments-united-states-america-australia-japan/ Thu, H. L. (2014). An Opportunity, a Challenge and a Threat: An Assessment of the Sino-Japanese Competition in CLMV. In S. Teo, & B. Singh, Impact of the SIno-Japanese Competitive Relationship on ASEAN as a Region and Institution (pp. 9-11). Singapore: RSIS Policy Report. Thuy, N. (2018, August 15). Vietnam investment ministry warns over China`s ODA loans. Retrieved from Hanoi Times: http://hanoitimes.vn/vietnam-investment-ministry-warns-over-chinas-oda-loans-3609.html Tiezzi, S. (2019, December 11). The Belt and Road: Calculating Winners and Losers. Retrieved from The Diplomat: https://thediplomat.com/2019/12/the-belt-and-road-calculating-winners-and-losers/?fbclid=IwAR3mj2Qgag_sJa6SFx9nl3Z4R9cULt0zz2BoCIFbJE8HRKK470WL4ToswRw Trinidad, D. (2018). What Does Strategic Partnerships with ASEAN Mean for Japan`s Foreign Aid? Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs, 5(3), 267-294. doi:10.1177/2347797018798996 Trinidad, D. (2019). Strategic Foreign Aid Competition: Japanese and Chinese Assistance in the Philippine Infrastructure Sector. Asia Affairs: An American Review, 46(4), 89-122. doi:10.1080/00927678.2020.1723295 Tsuji, T. (2019, July 8). Myanmar economic zone reimagined as export hub to India. Retrieved from Nikkei: Asian Review: https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Myanmar-economic-zone-reimagined-as-export-hub-to-India Tudoroiu, T. (2008, September). From Sphere of Influence to Energy Wars: Russian Influence in Post-Communist Romania. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 24(3), 386-414. Tüter, M. (2019). China`s Infrastructure Diplomacy in Southeast Asia: Explaining Asymmetric Bargaining with Four ASEAN Countries. International Journal of Political Studies, 5(2), 60-75. Uemura, T. (2020). China-Japan Relations: Balance of Soft Power. In T. Inoguchi, The SAGE Handbook of Asian Foreign Policy: Volume 2 (pp. 1075-1093). London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Urosevic, A. (2018, January 9). The Return of the `Spheres of Influences`? Retrieved from Nouvelle-Europe: http://www.nouvelle-europe.eu/en/return-spheres-influences Vidal, L. L., & Pelegrín, À. (2018). Hedging Against China: Japanese Strategy Towards A Rising Power. Asian Security, 14(2), 193-211. doi:10.1080/14799855.2017.1333983 Wallace, C. (2019). Japan`s Strategic Contrast: Continuing Influence Despite Relative Power Decline in Southeast Asia. The Pacific Review, 1-35. doi:10.1080/09512748.2019.1569115 Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of International Politics. Reading: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Wan, D. (2018, February 23). China and Japan rivalry in ASEAN. Retrieved from EU-Asia Centre: http://www.eu-asiacentre.eu/pub_details.php?pub_id=233 Wang, H. Y., & Miao, L. (2019). China`s Outward Investment: Trends and Challenges in the Globalization of Chinese Enterprises. In J. Chaisse, China`s International Investment Strategy: Bilateral, Regional, and Global Law and Policy (pp. 41-55). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wang, J. (2013). Great Power Relations and their Impact on Japan-Southeast Asian Relations: A Chinese Perspective. In P. E. Lam, Japan`s Relations with Southeast Asia: The Fukuda Doctrine and beyond (pp. 63-83). Oxon: Routledge. World Bank, The. (2020). GDP Growth (Annual %) - China. Retrieved from The World Bank: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=CN Wu, S.-s. (2018, December 19). 2018The Trouble with the Lancang Mekong Cooperation Forum. Retrieved from The Diplomat: https://thediplomat.com/2018/12/the-trouble-with-the-lancang-mekong-cooperation-forum/ Wu, S.-w. (2019, February 13). Myanmar: A New Pattern of CHina-Japan Interactions? Retrieved from The Diplomat: https://thediplomat.com/2019/02/myanmar-a-new-pattern-of-china-japan-interactions/ Xi Jinping Meets with Special Envoy of Prime Minister Toshihiro Nikai of Japan. (2019, April 26). Retrieved from The Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation: http://www.beltandroadforum.org/english/n100/2019/0426/c22-1256.html Xi, J. (2017, May 14). Work Together to Build the Silk Road Economic Belt and The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/zyjh_665391/t1465819.shtml Xi, J. (2019, April 26). Working Together to Deliver a Brighter Future For Belt and Road Cooperation. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People`s Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1658424.shtml#:~:text=The%20joint%20pursuit%20of%20the,win%20outcomes%20and%20common%20development. Xinhua Net. (2019, September 12). China welcomes more Japanese investments: Premier Li. Retrieved from XinhuaNet: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-09/12/c_138384906.htm Yahuda, M. (2019). The International Politics of the Asia-Pacific (Fourth Edition ed.). Oxon: Routledge. Yamamoto, R. (2019, June 26). Overestimating the Power of China`s BRI - Lessons Drawn from Japanese ODA Engagement in Asia. Asia Pacific Bulletin(483), 1-2. Yamamoto, R. (2020a). China`s Development Assistance in Southeast Asia: A Threat to Japanese Interests? Asian Survey, 60(2), 323-346. doi:10.1525/AS.2020.60.2.323 Yamamoto, R. (2020b). Understanding Abe`s Free and Open Indo-Pacific Vision through Japan`s Development Assistance. Issue & Insights: Working Paper, 20(1), 7-11. Yoshimatsu, H. (2010). The Mekong Regional Integration, and Political Rivalry among ASEAN, China and Japan. Asian Perspective, 34(3), 71-111. doi:10.1353/apr.2010.0014 Yoshimatsu, H. (2015). The United States, China, and Geopolitics in the Mekong Region. Asian Affairs: An American Review, 42(4), 173-194. doi:10.1080/00927678.2015.1106757 Yoshimatsu, H. (2018). New Dynamics in Sino-Japanese Rivalry: Sustaining Infrastructure Development in Asia. Journal of Contemporary China, 27(113), 719-734. doi:10.1080/10670564.2018.1458059 Yoshimatsu, H. (2019). Partnership against the Rising Dragon? Japan`s Foreign Policy towards India. The Pacific Review, 1-27. doi:10.1080/09512748.2018.1563210 Yoshimatsu, H., & Trinidad, D. D. (2017). Realist Objectives, Liberal Means: Japan, China and Maritime Security in Southeast Asia. In S. B. Rothman, U. Vyas, & Y. Sato, Regional Institutions, Geopolitics and Economics in the Asia-Pacific: Evolving Interests and Strategies (pp. 127-143). London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315265902 Zala, B. (2019). Regionalism and Great Power Management in the Asia-Pacific: Complementary or Competing Forces? Asian Studies Review, 1-18. doi:10.1080/10357823.2019.1690425 Zala, B. (2020, February). Interpreting Great Power Rights in International Society: Debating China`s Right to a Sphere of Influence. Journal of International Political Theory, 1-21. doi:10.1177/1755088220905607 Zhang, F. (2011). Reconceiving the Balance of Power: A Review Essay. Review of International Studies(37), 641-651. doi:10.1017/S0260210510001282 Zhao, H. (2018a). China–Japan Compete for Infrastructure Investment in Southeast Asia: Geopolitical Rivalry or Healthy Competition? Journal of Contemporary China, 1-17. doi:10.1080/10670564.2018.1557946 Zhao, H. (2018b). Chinese and Japanese Infrastructure Investment in Southeast Asia: From Rivalry to Cooperation? IDE Discussion Paper(689), 1-31. Retrieved from https://ir.ide.go.jp/?action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_view_main_item_detail&item_id=50170&item_no=1&page_id=39&block_id=158 Zhou, M. (2019, September 27). Mahathir: `We have to go to the Chinese` for infrastructure. Retrieved from Nikkei: Asian Review: https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Mahathir-We-have-to-go-to-the-Chinese-for-infrastructure2 |
Description: | 碩士 國立政治大學 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS) 107926008 |
Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1079260081 |
Data Type: | thesis |
DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU202001824 |
Appears in Collections: | [亞太研究英語博/碩士學位學程(IDAS/IMAS)] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
008101.pdf | | 2299Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 124 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|