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    政大機構典藏 > 學術期刊 > 問題と研究 > 期刊論文 >  Item 140.119/132628
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/132628


    Title: 民間非営利組織の25年-兵庫県NPO調査からみる事業組織化の実態と影響-
    民間非營利組織的25年-從兵庫縣的NPO調查來看事業組織化影響-
    The 25 Years of NPOs and Their Current Situation: The Impact of Formalization as Seen from the Survey in Hyogo, Japan
    Authors: 宮垣元
    Gen Miyagaki
    Contributors: 問題と研究
    Keywords: 阪神.淡路大震災 ; 民間非営利組織 ; NPO法 ; 組織化 ; 事業化 
    阪神.淡路大地震 ; 民間非營利組織 ; NPO法 ; 組織化 ; 事業化
    The Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake ; non-profit organization ; the NPO Law (Law Concerning the Promotion of Specific Non-Profit Organization Activities) ; organization and formalization
    Date: 2020-03
    Issue Date: 2020-11-17 10:52:29 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 阪神.淡路大震災において多くのボランティアが支援活動を行ってから25年が経つ。この間、民間非営利組織(NPO)概念の紹介と法制度や政策の進展があり、5万を超えるNPO法人をはじめ、日本の市民社会は急速に拡大し、その内実も変容してきたことが考えられる。本稿では、こうした25年の流れを整理するとともに、今日におけるNPOの状況を近年の調査結果から整理する。様々な制度や政策はNPOの組織化を促すとともに、委託事業を中心に事業化を進めることにつながった。また、ネットワーク構造についても、行政との関係性が強くなっており、市民による組織から、市民のための組織への変容が見出される。しかし、こうした高まるニーズとそれに対する事業組織化の一方で、担い手や社会的支援は追いついていないという現状がある。NPOの持続可能性のための事業組織化が、かえって社会からの資源獲得を遠ざけるジレンマが生じている可能性がある。
    在1995年的阪神淡路大地震中,許多志工進行支援活動,自此以來已過了25年。在這段期間裡,引入了非營利組織(NPO)的概念,並在法律制度與政策上有了進一步的發展。超過5萬以上的NPO法人急速帶動日本市民社會的風氣,其內涵亦隨之變遷。本文爬梳了前述25年之發展情形;同時,也從近年來的調查結果中整理出目前NPO的情況。研究顯示,各式各樣的制度與政策促成了NPO的組織化發展,並連帶促進以委託項目為主的事業化發展。再者,從網絡結構層面來看,與行政系統的關係獲得加強,可觀察出從「由市民組成的組織」到「為市民存在的組織」之性質轉變。然而,在市民需求不斷提升,並促使NPO事業組織化發展之際,也發現承擔人才及社會支持方面的各種配套無法跟上以因應其變化的現況。為此,為達到以NPO可持續性為目的之事業組織化發展,反而將可能造成其疏於從社會上獲取資源之困境。
    It has been 25 years since many volunteers gathered in support during the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995. Since then, the concept of non-profit organization has been introduced and the legislation and policy have also evolved. More than 50,000 incorporated NPOs and the civil society in Japan have rapidly been extended during this time. This paper summarizes this fact and discusses the current situation around NPOs during the past 25 years based on recent survey results. Various institutions and policies accelerated the organization of these NPOs, while the commissioned projects promoted the formalization of them. The relationship between NPOs and the local government has been enhanced so that the organization by citizens has been transformed to the organization for citizens. The formalization and organization of NPOs have been required to meet the citizen`s needs; however the social support from societies has not been adequate. As a result, there exists a dilemma that the formalization and organization of NPOs for sustainability makes resource acquisition from society rather difficult.
    Relation: 問題と研究, 49(1), 67-98
    Data Type: article
    DOI 連結: https://doi.org/10.30391/ISJ.202003_49(1).0003
    DOI: 10.30391/ISJ.202003_49(1).0003
    Appears in Collections:[問題と研究] 期刊論文

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