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    Title: 傳染病防治法之刑事責任研究
    Study on the Criminal Liabilities of the Communicable Disease Control Act.
    Authors: 趙偉翔
    Jhao, Wei-Siang
    Contributors: 許恒達
    Hsu, Heng-da
    趙偉翔
    Jhao, Wei-Siang
    Keywords: 傳染病防治法
    刑事責任
    抽象危險犯
    Communicable disease control act
    Criminal liability
    Offender of abstract danger
    Date: 2020
    Issue Date: 2020-09-02 12:27:24 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 高度經濟發展的現代社會面臨諸多不確定的危險,其中傳染病一直是重要的風險來源,實有探討刑法介入的必要性。刑法第11章的公共危險罪章即包括「違背傳染病法令及散布之罪」。
    我國傳染病之專責法規為傳染病防治法,並曾發布「嚴重急性呼吸道症候群防治及紓困暫行條例」與「嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎防治及紓困振興特別條例」,疫情期間,特殊條例採取增加刑事處分、放寬刑事處分構成要件、提高罰金上限、提高行政處分上限等內容,也曾影情傳染病防治法之修法。
    目前實務上刑法192條第1項難以成立,刑法192條第2項之行為是否足生具體之公共危險、有無散布行為之要件,實務上均難以認定與證明。
    以「傳染病防治刑責類型一:傳染行為」法規分析為例,建議未來「傳染病防治法」第62條刪除「致傳染於人者」之文字,回歸抽象危險犯之犯罪類型。以「傳染病防治刑責類型二:周邊配套」法規分析為例,在囤積居奇罪的部分,目前傳染病防治法第61條與刑法251條功能混淆,混淆不同法益,建議應調高刑法251條之刑度,讓兩罪刑度相當,甚至應相互整合為單一規範。至於散布謠言罪,建議我國於尊重言論自由的前提,將謠言納入社會秩序維護法之行政罰為宜。
    A modern society with highly developed economics may face various uncertain dangers. Among them, infectious diseases have always been an important source of risks. It is necessary to explore the necessity of criminal act intervention. In chapter 11 of the Criminal Act - the Public Dangerous Crimes includes "the crime of violating the communicable disease control act and spreading rumors."
    In our country, the law regulating infectious diseases is the Communicable Disease Control Act, and the "Interim Regulations for Prevention and Relief for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome " and "Special Act for Prevention, Relief and Revitalization Measures for Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens " have been issued. During the epidemic, those special acts increased criminal sanctions, relaxed the constitutional elements of criminal sanctions, raised the ceiling of fines, loosened the upper limit of administrative sanctions, and have influenced the amendment of the Communicable Disease Control Act.
    However, it is difficult to constitute paragraph 1 of article 192 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of China in practice. It is also difficult to identify and prove the existence of the behavior that resulted in public dangers or spreading rumors as stated in paragraph 2 of article 192 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of China.
    Taking the "criminal liability type one for communicable disease control: contagious behaviors" as an example, it is recommended that in the future, "resulted in infecting human beings" in the article 62 of the "Communicable Disease Control Act" to be deleted and goes back to the crime type of abstract danger offenses. Another example is the “criminal liability type two for communicable disease control: peripheral supporting measures.” In terms of the crime of hoarding. currently the function of article 61 of the Communicable Disease Control Act is confused with that of article 251 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of China wtih different legal interests. It is recommended that the penalties in article 251 should be raised so that the penalties in the two Acts are equal, or they should even be integrated into a single norm. As for the crime of spreading rumors, it is recommended that our country, on the premise of respecting the freedom of speech, should incorporate rumors into the administrative penalties of the laws regulating the maintenance of social orders.
    Reference: 一、中文文獻
    (一)專書(依著者之姓名筆劃排列)
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    (三)研究計畫
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    (四)學位論文
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    (五)網路資訊
    1.公視新聞網2020年2月4日報導,散布武漢肺炎假訊息 竹檢2天偵結3件3人,上網日期:2020年5月21日,檢自https://news.pts.org.tw/article/465032?fbclid=IwAR0_F5_ATiWKIftVZhd-W_aSgRZxHyM1s9xCwNm_PhoUHm3mHG08sh6VG5k.html。
    2.法務部2020年2月8日新聞稿,恣意造謠衛生紙與口罩原料相同即將缺貨,法務部將速查嚴辦!,上網日期2020年6月20日,檢自https://www.moj.gov.tw/fp-791-126693-ffaf4-001.html
    3.高源流,中國時報2020年3月28日報導:算哪門子的疫情謠言,上網日期:2020年5月21日,檢自:https://www.chinatimes.com/opinion/20200327005261-262105?chdtv.html
    4.許澤天,蘋果日報2020年1月30日:【台防疫加把勁】請蘇院長帶領修法防疫情散布,上網日期2020年6月5日,檢自:https://tw.appledaily.com/headline/20200130/VXYKOK64TW5ZTYDOWICDRDYN6Y.html
    5.衛生福利部2020年1月21日新聞稿,中央流行疫情指揮中心澄清,目前國內無確診個案,請民眾對於未經證實之疫情資訊,切勿隨意散播、轉傳,避免觸法,上網日期2020年6月20日,檢自:https://www.mohw.gov.tw/cp-4636-51183-1.html
    6.衛生福利部2020年4月1日新聞稿,居家隔離、檢疫者務必守法,違者加重裁罰,上網日期2020年6月20日,檢自:https://www.mohw.gov.tw/cp-4633-52558-1.html
    7.衛生福利部疾病管制署,傳染病介紹,上網日期2020年6月8日,檢自:https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Disease/Index.html
    8.衛生福利部疾病管制署,天花,上網日期2020年6月8日,檢自:https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Disease/SubIndex/r-efSTx60KilIEf_MlwknA.html
    9.衛生福利部疾病管制署,傳染病介紹,上網日期2020年6月15日,檢自:https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Disease/Index.html
    10.衛生福利部疾病管制署,組織與職掌,上網日期2020年6月10日,檢自: https://www.cdc.gov.tw/CdcOrganization/Index/cBX61rWwT5TKpS7BbMzKag.html
    11.衛生福利部疾病管制署,嚴重急性呼吸道症候群,上網日期2020年6月8日,檢自:https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Disease/SubIndex/j5QtbRPVkmFMg9BwiGezZA.html
    12.衛生福利部疾病管制署,嚴重急性呼吸道症候群,上網日期2020年6月8日,檢自 https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Category/Page/Kou_i6ATU8jUnmKlAORhUA.html
    13.衛生福利部疾病管制署,嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎,上網日期2020年6月8日,檢自https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Disease/SubIndex/N6XvFa1YP9CXYdB0kNSA9A.html

    二、英文文獻
    (一)英文專書
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    (三)網路資訊
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    3.WHO Director-General`s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020, World Health Organization (WHO), Retrieved June 1 2020, from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19-11-march-2020.html
    4.WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard, World Health Organization (WHO), Retrieved July 15 2020, from: https://www.who.int/redirect-pages/page/novel-coronavirus-(covid-19)-situation-dashboard.html
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法學院碩士在職專班
    102961056
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102961056
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202001707
    Appears in Collections:[Master of Laws Program for Executives] Theses

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