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    题名: 論性侵害女性被害人之供述證據—以美國法為中心
    Ascertaining Testimonies of Female Victim-Witnesses in Rape Trials: from the Perspective of American Law
    作者: 王思雅
    Wang, Szu-Ya
    贡献者: 何賴傑
    Her, Lai-Jier
    王思雅
    Wang, Szu-Ya
    关键词: 性侵害
    被害人陳述
    單一供述證據
    憑信性
    補強證據
    美國法
    性侵害犯罪防治法
    司法院釋字七八九號
    日期: 2020
    上传时间: 2020-09-02 12:23:38 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 性侵案審理最大的困難，在於證言證明力之評價。近年來，我國無論是實務判決、或甫出爐的釋字第七八九號，都顯見法律體制已體認到性侵害案的特殊性。我國刑事訴訟法第一五六條第二項明定，被告之自白不得作為有罪判決之唯一證據，而實務見解亦肯認被害人陳述亦有所適用，即性侵害被害人未經補強之單一證述，必不得作為被告定罪之唯一證據。然而，這樣的見解與性侵害之本質存在根本上的矛盾，導致我國性侵害案常見以證據瑕疵、證據不足等理由而為之不起訴或無罪裁量，本文認為，我國在性侵案審理上要有所突破，可參考美國法之立法走向——根基於消除法律體制對「女性憑信性」問題之司法改革。本文欲先藉由普通法歷史發展上對女性評價之偏見為出發點，進而沿著美國司法實務的發展脈絡、以探究美國性侵害證據法之改革，最後重新檢視我國制度中內涵性別偏見的法理與制度，並提出我國未來之修法可能與方向。
    參考文獻: 中文文獻
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    （二）翻譯著作
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    （三）期刊論文
    吳景欽，〈性侵害案件中以被害人供述為唯一證據的正當性探討〉，軍法專刊，56卷2期，頁87-104，2010年4月。
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    李佳玟，〈說是才算同意（Only Yes Means Yes）——增訂刑法「未得同意性交罪」之芻議〉，臺北大學法學論叢，103期，頁53-118，2017年9月。
    李榮耕，〈證人能力與幼童證人／最高院100台上6816判決〉，台灣法學雜誌，194期，頁173-178，2012年2月。
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    林志潔、金孟華，〈「合理」的懷疑？——以女性主義法學觀點檢視性侵害審判之偏見〉，政大法學評論，頁117-166，127期，2012年7月
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    邱忠義，〈評析釋字789號解釋關於被告詰問權與被害者身心保護之權衡取捨--性侵害被害人警詢筆錄之證據能力〉，檢察新論，27期，頁129-145，2020年2月。
    金孟華，〈證據相互影響論－以刑事證據法為中心〉，中研院法學期刊，23期，頁171-218，2018年9月。
    陳昭如，〈大法官解釋中的歷史與傳統--女性主義觀點的批判〉，中研院法學期刊，7期，頁81-140，2010年9月。
    楊雲驊，〈補強證據－以性侵案件為例〉，法務通訊，2854 期，頁3-6，2017年6月。
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    蘇凱平，〈重新探索自由心證：以憲法與刑事訴訟法的價值衝突與解決為核心〉，國立臺灣大學法學論叢，49卷1期，頁339-401，2020年3月。
    （四）碩士論文
    王於鎮，《兒童證人之傳聞證據研究》，國立臺北大學法律系研究所碩士論文， 2018年7月。
    王俊凱，《性侵案件之證據法則──判決分析與展望》，國立臺灣大學法律學院法律學研究所碩士論文，2019年1月。
    安真慧，《從女性主義的觀點看妨害性自主—再論違背意願》，國立臺灣大學法律學院法律學研究所碩士論文，2018年12月。
    林宏嘉，《性侵害案件被害兒童供述證據之研究》，國防大學管理學院法律學系碩士班學位論文，2016年6月。
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    許潔怡，《刑事訴訟程序中兒童證言之研究-以證言可信度為中心》，國立成功大學法律學研究所碩士論文，2008年2月。
    陳又寧，《美國性侵害證據法則之研究-以破除性侵害迷思為中心》，國立交通大學科技法律研究所碩士論文，2010年7月。。
    陳怡潔，《刑事審判中補強法則之研究》，國立成功大學法律學系研究所碩士論文，2013年6月。
    陳威璇，《彈劾證據之研究》，東吳大學法學院法律學系碩士班碩士論文，2014年6月。
    趙若傑，《性／自主–重新思考妨害性自主罪的保護法益》，國立政治大學法律學系研究所碩士學位論文，2015年11月。
    劉宜昇，《住所內正當防衛之探究－以美國法堡壘原則為中心》，國立政治大學法律學系研究所碩士學位論文，2019年11月。
    簡士淳，《私人之現行犯逮捕─其歷史溯源、法理基礎與比較法分析》，國立政治大學法律學系研究所碩士論文，2012年1月。
    （五）政府報告、統計資料
    2020年性別圖像，行政院性別平等委員會，檢自：https://gec.ey.gov.tw/Page/8996A23EDB9871BE（最後瀏覽日：2020年5月10日）。
    地方檢察署辦理性侵害案件統計—中華民國108年1-12月，中華民國法務部檢察統計，檢自：https://www.rjsd.moj.gov.tw/rjsdweb/common/WebList3_Report.aspx?list_id=1137（最後瀏覽日：2020年5月10日）。
    （六）網路資源
    〈她們都是第一人！ 美國女性獲投票權百年 盤點美國政壇的「先鋒女性」〉，風傳媒，2019年6月7日，https://www.storm.mg/article/1362711?page=1（最後瀏覽日：2020年6月14日）。
    〈吳敦義暗罵陳菊「肥滋滋大母豬」 黨內也看不下去：豬隊友〉，自由時報，2018年11月17日，https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/2615926 （最後瀏覽日：2020年7月20日）。
    〈誰在當法官？法官，還是鑑識專家？〉，法操，2016年9月2日，https://follaw.tw/f-comment/f02/10264/（最後瀏覽日：2020年7月19日）。
    ShuHua Tang，〈有關美國墮胎爭議的幾個關鍵詞〉，紐約時報中文網，2019年5月27日，https://cn.nytimes.com/culture/20190527/wod-abortion/zh-hant/（最後瀏覽日：2020年5月30日）。
    李忠謙，〈伊藤詩織的MeToo故事：日本第一位公開長相與真名，挺身指控性侵的女性獲得勝訴〉，風傳媒，2019年12月18日，https://www.storm.mg/article/2079295 （最後瀏覽日：2020年6月10日）。
    李修慧，〈柯文哲聊「美學」又失言：台灣女生不化妝直接「上街嚇人」〉，The News Lens關鍵評論，2018年10月20日，https://www.thenewslens.com/article/106490 （最後瀏覽日：2020年7月20日）。
    林昱均，〈「幫你6一波」手遊色情廣告　NCC不予處罰：未達客觀違規標準〉，ET TODAY新聞雲，2018年5月30日，https://www.ettoday.net/news/20180530/1180523.htm （最後瀏覽日：2020年6月1日）。
    張之謙，〈性騷擾？參選人掛泳裝看板　議員何文海竟說：怎麼不露胸〉，三立新聞網，2018年8月15日，https://www.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=416767 （最後瀏覽日：2020年7月20日）。
    曾宏逸聲請書，檢自：https://www.judicial.gov.tw/FYDownload/FYDownload.asp?fileguid=001460-D3BV5（最後瀏覽日：2020年5月1日）。
    黃韋詮，〈被迫口交反被怪「沒咬傷對方」 民團痛批司法官性別盲〉，新頭殼，2018年3月14日，https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2018-03-14/117333（最後瀏覽日：2020年1月31日）。
    黃雅琪，〈陳雪生挺肚頂背還嗆不會懷孕　范雲怒告性騷擾〉，鏡傳媒，2020年7月20日，https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20200720edi018/（最後瀏覽日：2020年7月22日）。
    楊婉瑩，〈穿裙子為什麼不能當總統？吳音寧為什麼太年輕？從台灣政壇看厭女政治的4種變形〉，獨立評論＠天下，2019年8月26日，https://opinion.cw.com.tw/blog/profile/390/article/8421（最後瀏覽日：2020年4月30日）。
    聖依，〈南韓網路性犯罪「N號房事件」：殘暴性虐未成年，「共犯」至少 26 萬人〉，換日線，2020年3月30日，https://crossing.cw.com.tw/article/13182 （最後瀏覽日：2020年6月30日）。
    廖綉玉，〈不再忍耐！富家男大生遭上百名婦女指控性侵 保守伊斯蘭國度也掀起#MeToo運動〉，風傳媒，2020年8月1日，https://www.storm.mg/article/2905169 （最後瀏覽日：2020年8月1日）。
    鄭旭凱，〈19歲嫩妻偷吃被逮 夫家罰她在娘家端檳榔香菸「洗門風」〉，自由時報，2020年5月21日，https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/society/breakingnews/3172875 （最後瀏覽日：2020年6月 24日）。
    （六）司法院解釋
    司法院釋字第789號解釋理由書。
    釋字789號公開說明會爭點題綱，檢自：https://cons.judicial.gov.tw/jcc/zh-tw/contents/show/p5yncty7vgaquzxp（最後瀏覽日：2020年6月4日）。
    釋字789號林大法官俊益提出之協同意見書。
    釋字789號黃大法官昭元提出，許大法官志雄加入之協同意見書。
    釋字789號詹大法官森林提出之協同意見書。

    英文文獻
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    Lorenne Clark & Debra Lewis, Women, Property and Rape in THE SOCIOLOGY OF CRIME AND DEVIANCE: SELECTED ISSUES (Susan Caffrey & Gary Mundyed eds., Greenwich University Press, 1995).
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    SIR MATTHEW HALE, THE HISTORY OF THE PLEAS OF THE CROWN (Robert H. Small ,First America ed., 1847).
    SIR WILLIAM BLACKSTONE, COMMENTARIES ON THE LAWS OF ENGLAND (J. B. Lippincott, George Sharswood ed., 1893).
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    THE MODEL PENAL CODE AND COMMENTARIES (American Law Institute, 1980).
    （二）期刊論文
    Alexandra Willingham, Opening the Door: Expanding Civil Redress for Sexual Assault Through Fraternity Insurance, 72 STAN. L. REV. 1717 (2020).
    Amelia Mindthoff et. al., How Social Science Can Help Us Understand Why Family Courts May Discount Women`s Testimony in Intimate Partner Violence Cases, 53 FAM. L.Q. 243 (2019).
    Anna G. Bobrow, Restoring Honor: Ending Racial Disparities in University Honor Systems, 106 VA. L. REV. ONLINE 47 (2020).
    Annaleigh E. Curtis, Ignorance, Intent, and Ideology: Retaliation in Title IX, 40 HARV. J. L. & GENDER 333 (2017).
    Annaleigh E. Curtis, Why Originalism Needs Critical Theory: Democracy, Language, and Social Power, 38 HARV. J. L. & GENDER 437 (2015).
    Antuan M. Johnson, Sexual Assault and Gendered Hate: A Case of Epistemic Injustice, 11 UNBOUND: HARV. J. LEGAL LEFT 91 (2017).
    Bennett Capers, Evidence Without Rules, 94 NOTRE DAME L. REV. 867 (2018).
    Carol Bohmer, Judicial Attitudes toward Rape Victims, 57 JUDICATURE 303 (1974).
    Caroline Cox, Saving Title IX Values: The Campus Save Act As A Critical Tool for Survivors and Allies, 41 HARV. J. L. & GENDER 429 (2018).
    Catharine A. MacKinnon, Rape Redefined, 10 HARV. L. & POL`Y REV. 431 (2016).
    Daniel B. Smith, Student Discipline in American College & Universities a historical overview, 72 EDUCATIONAL HORIZONS 78 (1994).
    Danushka S. Medawatte, Conflict-Related Sexual Violence: Patriarchy`s Bugle Call, 21 GEO. J. GENDER & L. 671 (2020).
    David A. Moran, In Defense of the Corpus Delicti Rule, 64 OHIO ST. L.J. 817 (2003).
    David E. Missirian & Marianne D. Kulow, Defenseless Against Rape: Outdated Laws and A Proposed Legal Solution, 28 AM. U. J. GENDER SOC. POL`Y & L. 1 (2019).
    Dawn M. DuBois, Comment, A Matter of Time: Evidence of A Victim`s Prompt Complaint in New York, 53 BROOK. L. REV. 1087 (1988).
    Deborah Epstein & Lisa A. Goodman, Discounting Women: Doubting Domestic Violence Survivors` Credibility and Dismissing Their Experiences, 167 U. PA. L. REV. 399 (2019).
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    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法律科際整合研究所
    103652016
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103652016
    数据类型: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202001691
    显示于类别:[法律科際整合研究所] 學位論文

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