English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 113648/144635 (79%)
Visitors : 51690880      Online Users : 417
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
  • Adv. Search
    HomeLoginUploadHelpAboutAdminister Goto mobile version
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/131327


    Title: 酗酒家庭成年前期子女復原力及保護因子探討
    The resilience and protective factors of Children of Alcoholics
    Authors: 丁羿心
    Ting, Yi-Hsin
    Contributors: 傅如馨
    丁羿心
    Ting, Yi-Hsin
    Keywords: 酗酒家庭子女
    復原力
    保護因子
    臺灣青少年成長歷程研究
    Date: 2019
    Issue Date: 2020-08-03 18:38:15 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 研究者於輔導實務工作中觀察到身處酗酒家庭的青春期子女,不同於其他高風險家庭類型,父母酗酒議題多半不易被外人發現,甚至個案或家中成員也未覺察父母酗酒行為已影響青少年的生活適應。但其又常面臨多重家庭壓力合併,酒癮家長戒酒意願低、家庭困境難以短期有所調整等難處。回顧台灣的文獻,發現少數針對酗酒家庭子女生活適應的研究皆為橫斷性研究,無從回應促使復原力產生之保護因子短期與長期的影響效果。故本研究欲深入了解在父母酗酒的環境下對於子女青春期及成年前期生活適應的影響和影響酗酒家庭子女青春期與成年前期適應的保護因子。
    本研究首先透過多元迴歸分析和結構方程模型,以台灣青少年成長歷程研究資料庫(Taiwan Youth Project,TYP)之國一樣本第三波與第九波家長、學生與導師資料,了解父母酗酒對子女青春期與成年前期生活適應的影響。接著利用多元迴歸分析探索哪些保護因子可以預測青春期與成年前期子女的生活適應狀況。
    本研究結果顯示,父母酗酒對子女青春期偏差行為,和青春期與成年前期的課業低成就有顯著影響。未來成就期望、與母溝通意願和家庭凝聚力是酗酒家庭子女適應結果之保護因子,酗酒家庭子女青春期的偏差行為可以顯著預測成年前期心理健康問題。本研究發現期許提供助人工作者對如何協助酗酒家庭子女長、短期生活適應有更多的了解。
    Researcher observes in the counselling practice that Children of Alcoholics are different from other high-risk family types. Parental alcoholism issues are not easy to be found by outsiders, and even cases or family members have not noticed that parental alcoholism has affected the life adaptation of young people, however, it often faces multiple family pressures. Looking back at Taiwan`s literature, it was found that a few studies on the adaptation of the children of alcoholics were cross-sectional studies, and it was impossible to respond to the short-term and long-term effects of protective factors that promote resilience. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to deeply understand the effects of parental alcoholism on children`s adolescence and adulthood adaptation and the protective factors that affect the adolescent and adulthood of children with alcoholism.
    This research first uses multiple regression analysis and structural equation models to use Taiwan Youth Project data to understand the effects of parental alcohol abuse on children`s adolescence and early adulthood. Then use multiple regression analysis to explore which protective factors can predict the adaptation of children in adolescence and adulthood.
    The results of this study show that parental alcoholism has a significant effect on children`s problem behaviors in short-term and low academic achievement in both short- and long- term. The expectation of adolescence for future achievements, the willingness to communicate with the mother and family cohesion have major effects on children of alcoholics’ adaptation. This study can help Helping Professions have a better understanding of how to assist children of alcoholics to adapt to short-term and long-term life.
    Reference: 中文部分
    國家教育研究院雙語詞彙、學術名稱暨辭書資訊網,酗酒矯治(2000)。檢索自
    http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1310903/?index=7(Dec.15,2019)
    王智弘、劉淑慧、孫頌賢、夏允中(2017)。主編的話-文化脈絡中的危機、轉機與復原力:本土諮商心理學研究的方向、目標與策略。中華輔導與諮商學報,50, 1–28。
    王齡竟、陳毓文(2010)。家庭衝突、社會支持與青少年憂鬱情緒:檢視同儕、專業與家外成人支持的緩衝作用。中華心理衛生學刊,23,65–97。
    台灣精神醫學院(譯)(2014)。DSM-5精神疾病診斷準則手冊(原作者:American Psychiatric Association)。新北:合記圖書。(原著出版於2013)
    江守峻、陳婉真(2017)。家庭凝聚力與心理資本之關係 : 台灣貧窮兒少資料庫分析。當代教育研究季刊,25,11–50。
    吳中勤(2017)。接觸偏差同儕對偏差行為影響之理論模式的衡鑑。中華輔導與諮商學報, 50,63–87。
    吳中勤(2014) 同儕依附對知覺到的同儕支持與憂鬱情緒之影響。青少年犯罪防治研究期刊,6,1–20。
    吳詩琦(2010)。酒癮者子女原生家庭經驗之探究(未出版碩士論文)。國防大學政治作戰學院社會工作碩士班,臺北。
    周玉慧(2012)。「小人」「閑居」為「不善」?生活經驗、社會資本與青年休閒活動參與。社會分析,5, 1–7。
    周玉慧(2015)。青少年至成年初期親子關係的變化及其影響。中華心理學刊,57,67–89。
    林忠潁、陳光宏、張新儀、曾芳儀、陳娟瑜 (2014)。台灣地區酒精使用型態與醫療使用行為之關係探討。台灣公共衛生雜誌,33,197–208。
    林宗翰(2012)。戲劇治療應用在酒癮家庭學生生活適應成效之研究(未出版碩士論文)。國立臺灣藝術大學表演藝術教學碩士學位班,新北。
    吳中勤(2015)。探究青少年憂鬱與偏差行為的歷時性的影響關係 探究青少年憂鬱與偏差行為的歷時性的影響關係。教育理論與實踐學刊,32,71–104。
    吳齊殷、李文傑(2003)。青少年憂鬱症狀與偏差行為併發之關係機制。台灣社會學,6, 119–175。
    陳圭如(2006)。大學生成長於酗酒家庭經驗之初探:數量、個人特質及世代傳遞。東吳社會工作學報,15,37–76。
    陳杏容(2017)。探討不同風險程度的國中生之憂鬱情緒的保護與資源因子。中華輔導與諮商學報,50,29–61。
    陳佑昇(2008)。酗酒者子女的原生家庭經驗(未出版碩士論文)。國立臺南大學諮商與輔導研究所碩士班,臺南。
    陳佑昇、蔡麗芳(2012)。我有一個酒鬼父親:酗酒者子女之原生家庭經驗分析。家庭教育與諮商學刊,12,1–27。
    陳寬裕、王正華(2018)。結構方程模式運用AMOS分析。臺北:五南圖書公司。
    張芳華(2013)。家長背景、家長參與學校教育與子女學 業成就之關聯性:以北北宜三縣市國中學生為例。教育研究與發展期刊,9(2),117–144。
    張瑋倫(2009)。保力達B、維士比和補力康等飲用者之看法與經驗及酒精與藥物併用的情形:以花蓮縣某部落居民為例(未出版碩士論文)。慈濟大學公共衛生研究所碩士班,花蓮。
    國家衛生研究院(2007)。2005年「國民健康訪問暨藥物濫用調查」 結果報告No.2藥物濫用調查。苗栗,國家衛生研究院。
    曾文志(2006)。復原力保護因子效果概化之統合分析。諮商輔導學報:高師輔導所刊,14,1-35。
    曾姿穎(2013)。酗酒者青少年子女適應問題之危險與保護因子探究(未出版碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學社會工作學研究所,臺北。
    曾維英(2005)。酒癮者原生家庭經驗之研究:家庭系統觀點(未出版碩士論文)。國立暨南大學社會政策與社會工作學系,南投。
    楊孟麗(2005)。教育成就的價值與青少年的心理健康。中華心理衛生學刊,18(2),75 - 99。
    楊美賞、張峰紫、鍾信心、陳順勝、葛應欽(1995)。父親為酒癮之青少年飲酒行為之危險因素之探討。高雄醫學科學雜誌,11,686–696。
    蔡旻珊、鍾其祥、簡戊鑑(2012)。2005年台灣酒精使用疾患3年內傷害情形之追蹤探討。 護理暨健康照護研究,8,242–252。
    衛生福利部心理及口腔健康司(2018年10月24日)。 「建構問題性飲酒與酒癮者醫療及社會復健服務模式計畫」需求說明書。檢自https://reurl.cc/zyLe2V(Dec.15,2019)
    衛生福利部中央健康保險署(2019年09月25日)。全民健康保險醫療費用審查注意事項(完整版)。檢自https://reurl.cc/31Wa08(Dec.15,2019)
    衛生福利部食品藥物管理署 (2016)。103年全國物質使用調查結果報告。台北市:衛生福利部,藥品管理署編著。
    衛生福利部國民健康署(2018)。中華民國105年健康促進統計年報。台北市:衛生福利部,國民健康署編著。
    衛生福利部統計處(2019年10月01日)。3.5.12 兒童及少年保護-施虐者本身因素分。檢索自https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOS/cp-2985-14091-113.html(Dec.15,2019)。
    譚子文、范書菁. (2010)。依附關係、參與傳統活動、社會緊張因素與台灣地區青少年外向性偏差行為及內向性偏差行為關聯性之研究。輔導與諮商學報,32,17–42。
    英文部分
    Alexanderson, K., &Näsman, E. (2017). Children’s experiences of the role of the other parent when one parent has addiction problems. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 24(1), 32–39.
    Anda, R. F., Whitfield, C. L., Felitti, V. J., Chapman, D., Edwards, V. J., Dube, S. R.,
    & Williamson, D. F. (2002). Adverse Childhood Experiences, Alcoholic Parents, and
    Later Risk of Alcoholism and Depression. Psychiatric Services, 53(8), 1001–1009.
    Arbetter, S. R. (1990). Don’t Talk, Don’t Trust, Don’t Feel:Children of Alcoholics. Current Health, 16(6), 14–16.
    Carle, A. C., & Chassin, L. (2004). Resilience in a community sample of children of alcoholics : Its prevalence and relation to internalizing symptomatology and positive affect. Applied Developmental Psychology, 25, 577–595.
    Centers of Disease Control and Prevention(2018). During binges, U.S. adults have 17 billion drinks a year . Retrieved March24, 2019, from https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2018/p0316-binge-drinking.html
    Chassin, L., Pillow, D. R., Curran, P. J., Molina, B. S., & Barrera, M. (1993). “Relation of parental alcoholism to early adolescent substance use: A test of three mediating mechanisms’’: Correction to Chassin et al.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(4), 558–558.
    Chassin, L., Pitts, S. C., DeLucia, C., & Todd, M. (1999). A longitudinal study of children of alcoholics: Predicting young adult substance use disorders, anxiety, and depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108(1), 106–119.
    Christensen, H. B., &Bilenberg, N. (2000). Behavioural and emotional problems in children of alcoholic mothers and fathers. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 9(3), 219–226.
    Collishaw, S., Pickles, A., Messer, J., Rutter, M., Shearer, C., & Maughan, B. (2007). Resilience to adult psychopathology following childhood maltreatment: Evidence from a community sample. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31, 211–229.
    Cosco, T. D., Kaushal, A., Hardy, R., Richards, M., Kuh, D., &Stafford, M. (2017). Operationalising resilience in longitudinal studies: a systematic review of methodological approaches. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 71(1), 98–104.
    Díaz, R., Gual, A., García, M., Arnau, J., Pascual, F., Cañuelo, B., Rubio, G., de Dios, Y., Fernández-Eire, MC., Valdés, R., & Garbayo, I. (2008). Children of alcoholics in Spain: from risk to pathology. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43(1), 1–10.
    Dube, S. R., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Croft, J. B., Edwards, V. J., & Giles, W. H. (2001). Growing up with parental alcohol abuse: exposure to childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25(12), 1627–1640.
    Ellis, D. A., Zucker, R. A., & Fitzgerald, H. E. (1997). The role of family influences in development and risk. Alcohol Health and Research World, 21(3), 218–226.
    El-Sheikh, M., &Buckhalt, J. A. (2003). Parental Problem Drinking and Children’s Adjustment: Attachment and Family Functioning as Moderators and Mediators of Risk. Journal of Family Psychology, 17(4), 510–520.
    Fergus, S., &Zimmerman, M. A. (2005). adolescent resilience: A Framework for Understanding Healthy Development in the Face of Risk. Annual Review of Public Health, 26(1), 399–419.
    Finan, L. J., Simpson, E., Schulz, J., & McCauley Ohannessian, C. (2018). Parental Problem Drinking and Emerging Adult Problem Behavior: The Moderating Role of Parental Support. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(4), 1175–1185.
    Fiorentine, R. (1999). After drug treatment: Are 12-step programs effective in maintaining abstinence? American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 25(1), 93–116.
    Garmezy, N. (1991). Resiliency and Vulnerability to Adverse Developmental Outcomes Associated With Poverty. American Behavioral Scientist, 34(4), 416–430.
    Harter, S. L. (2000). Psychosocial Adjustment of adult children of alcoholics. Clinical Psychology Review, 20(3), 311–337.
    Haverfield, M. C., & Theiss, J. A. (2014). A theme analysis of experiences reported by adult children of alcoholics in online support forums. Journal of Family Studies, 20(2),166-184.
    Haverfield, M. C., & Theiss, J. A. (2017). Parental Communication of Responsiveness and Control as Predictors of Adolescents’ Emotional and Behavioral Resilience in Families with Alcoholic Versus Nonalcoholic Parents. Human Communication Research, 43(2), 214–236.
    Heath, A. C., Bucholz, K. K., Madden, P. A. F., Dinwiddie, S. H., Slutske, W. S., Bierut, L. J.,& Martin, N. G. (1997). Genetic and environmental contributions to alcohol dependence risk in a national twin sample: consistency of findings in women and men. Psychological Medicine, 27(6), 1381–1396.
    Hodgins, D. C., Maticka-Tyndale, E., El-Guebaly, N., &West, M. (1993). The cast-6: Development of a short-form of the children of alcoholics screening test. Addictive Behaviors, 18(3), 337–345.
    Humphreys, K. (1996). World view change in adult children of alcoholics/al-anon self-help
    groups: Reconstructing the alcoholic family. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 46(2), 255–263.
    Hung, C. C., Yen, L. L., & Wu, W. C. (2009). Association of parents’ alcohol use and family interaction with the initiation of alcohol use by sixth graders: A preliminary study in Taiwan. BMC Public Health, 9(1), 172–180.
    Kazdin, A. E., Kraemer, H. C., Kessler, R. C., Kupfer, D. J., & Offord, D. R. (1997). Contributions of risk-factor research to developmental psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 17(4), 375–406.
    Kelley, M. L., Braitman, A., Henson, J. M., Schroeder, V., Ladage, J., & Gumienny, L. (2010). Relationships among depressive mood symptoms and parent and peer relations in collegiate children of alcoholics. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80(2), 204–212.
    Kelley, M. L., Pearson, M. R., Trinh, S., Klostermann, K., & Krakowski, K. (2011). Maternal and paternal alcoholism and depressive mood in college students: Parental relationships as mediators of ACOA-depressive mood link. Addictive Behaviors, 36(7), 700–706.
    Kendler, K. S., Gardner, C. O., Edwards, A., Hickman, M., Heron, J., Macleod, J.,& Dick, D. M. (2013). Dimensions of Parental Alcohol Use/Problems and Offspring Temperament, Externalizing Behaviors, and Alcohol Use/Problems. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 37(12), 2118–2127.
    Klostermann, K., Chen, R., Kelley, M. L., Schroeder, V. M., Braitman, A. L., & Mignone, T. (2011). Coping Behavior and Depressive Symptoms in Adult Children of Alcoholics. Substance Use & Misuse, 46(9), 1162–1168.
    Konrad, K. , & Bronson, J. (1997). Handling difficult times and learning resiliency (Are you working with the heartwood or just the bark?). In R. Harwell (Ed.), Deeply rooted, branching out, 1972-1997. Association for Experiential Education International Conference (25th) Proceedings (pp. 187-198). Boulder, CO: Association for Experiential Education.
    Kost, K. A., & Smyth, N. J. (2002). Two Strikes Against Them? Journal of Social Service Research, 28(4), 23–52.
    Lee, H. H., & Cranford, J. A. (2008). Does resilience moderate the associations between parental problem drinking and adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing behaviors? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 96(3), 213–221.
    World Health Organization (2010). Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms published by the World Health Organization. Retrieved March18, 2019, from https://www.who.int/substance_abuse/terminology/who_lexicon/en/(Dec.15,2019)
    Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The Construct of Resilience: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Future Work. Child Development, 71(3), 543–562.
    Mann, K. (2000). One Hundred Years of Alcoholism: the Twentieth Century. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 35(1), 10–15.
    Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227–238.
    Mellentin, A. I., Brink, M., Andersen, L., Erlangsen, A., Stenager, E., Bjerregaard, L. B., & Christiansen, E. (2016). The risk of offspring developing substance use disorders when exposed to one versus two parent(s) with alcohol use disorder: A nationwide, register-based cohort study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 80, 52–58.
    Moe, J., Johnson, J. L., & Wade, W. (2007). Resilience in Children of Substance Users: In Their Own Words. Substance Use & Misuse, 42(2–3), 381–398.
    Molina, B. S. G., Donovan, J. E., &Belendiuk, K. A. (2010). Familial Loading for Alcoholism and Offspring Behavior: Mediating and Moderating Influences. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 34(11), 1972–1984.
    Mossakowski, K. N. (2008). Is the duration of poverty and unemployment a risk factor for heavy drinking? Social Science & Medicine, 67(6), 947–955.
    Mylant, M., Ide, B., Cuevas, E., & Meehan, M. (2002). Adolescent children of alcoholics: Vulnerable or Resilient? Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 8(2), 57–64.
    Naerde, A., Roysamb, E., & Tambs, K. (2004). Temperament in Adults--Reliability, Stability, and Factor Structure of the EAS Temperament Survey, 82(1), 71–79.
    Ohannessian, C. M. (2012). Parental Problem Drinking and Adolescent Psychosocial Adjustment: The Mediating Role of Adolescent-Parent Communication. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 22(3), 498–511.
    Ohannessian, C. M. (2013). Parental Problem Drinking and Adolescent Psychological Problems. Youth & Society, 45(1), 3–26.
    Pargas, R. C. M., Brennan, P. A., Hammen, C., & LeBrocque, R. (2010). Resilience to Maternal Depression in Young Adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 46(4), 805–814.
    Park, S., & Schepp, K. G. (2015). A Systematic Review of Research on Children of Alcoholics: Their Inherent Resilience and Vulnerability. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(5), 1222–1231.
    Peele, S. (1984). The cultural context of psychological approaches to alcoholism: Can we control the effects of alcohol? American Psychologist, 39(12), 1337–1351.
    Peterson Edwards, E., Leonard, K. E., & Eiden, R. D. (2001). Temperament and behavioral problems among infants in alcoholic families. Infant Mental Health Journal, 22(3), 374–392.
    Puttler, L. I., Zucker, R. A., Fitzgerald, H. E., & Bingham, C. R. (1998). Behavioral outcomes among children of alcoholics during the early and middle childhood years: Familial subtype variations. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 22(9), 1962–1972.
    Reder,P., McClure,M., & Jolley,A.(2000). Family Matters: Interfaces Between Child and Adult Mental Health. London: Routledge. ISBN 0 41522218 4
    Regier, D. A., Farmer, M. E., Rae, D. S., Locke, B. Z., Keith, S. J., Judd, L. L., & Goodwin, F. K. (1990). Comorbidity of Mental Disorders With Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse. JAMA, 264(19), 2511–2518.
    Richardson, G. E. (2002). The metatheory of resilience and resiliency. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 307–321.
    Robitschek, C., & Kashubeck, S. (1999). A structural model of parental alcoholism, family functioning, and psychological health: The mediating effects of hardiness and personal growth orientation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46(2),159-172.
    Rossow, I., Felix, L., Keating, P., & McCambridge, J. (2016). Parental drinking and adverse outcomes in children: A scoping review of cohort studies. Drug and Alcohol Review, 35(4), 397–405.
    Sheeber, L., Hops, H., Alpert, A., Davis, B., &Andrews, J. (1997). Family support and conflict: Prospective relations to adolescent depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 25(4), 333–344.
    Sher, K. J., Grekin, E. R., & Williams, N. A. (2005). The Development of Alcohol Use Disorders. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1(1), 493–523.
    Sher, K. J., Walitzer, K. S., Wood, P. K., &Brent, E. E. (1991). Characteristics of Children of Alcoholics: Putative Risk Factors, Substance Use and Abuse, and Psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 427–448.
    Stice, E., & Barrera, M. (1995). A Longitudinal Examination of the Reciprocal Relations Between Perceived Parenting and Adolescents’ Substance Use and Externalizing Behaviors. Developmental Psychology, 31(2), 322–334.
    Torvik, F. A., Rognmo, K., Ask, H., Røysamb, E., & Tambs, K. (2011). Parental alcohol use a nd adolescent school Adjustment in the general population: Results from the HUNT
    study. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 706–806.
    Van DerGiessen, D., Branje, S., Overbeek, G., Frijns, T., VanLier, P. A. C., Koot, H. M.,
    &Meeus, W. (2013). Co-occurrence of aggressive behavior and depressive symptoms in early adolescence: A longitudinal multi-informant study. Revue Europeenne de Psychologie Appliquee, 63(4), 193–201.
    Velleman, R., & Templeton, L. (2007). Understanding and modifying the impact of parents’ substance misuse on children. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 13(2), 79–89.
    Werner, E.E. (1986). Resilient offspring of alcoholics: a longitudinal study from birth to age 18. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 47(1), 34–40.
    Werner, Emmy.E. (1997). Vulnerable but invincible: high-risk children from birth to adulthood. Acta Paediatrica, 86(S422), 103–105.
    Werner, Emmy E., &Johnson, J. L. (2004). The Role of Caring Adults in the Lives of Children of Alcoholics. Substance Use & Misuse, 39(5), 699–720.
    Werner, Emmy E. (1989). High-risk children in young adulthood: a longitudinal study from birth to 32 years. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59(1), 72–81.
    West, M. O., & Prinz, R. J. (1987). Parental alcoholism and childhood psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 102(2), 204–218.
    Wilson, C., & Orford, J. (1978). Children of Alcoholics. Report of a Preliminary Study and Comments on the Literature. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 39(1), 121–142.
    Wlodarczyk, O., Schwarze, M., Rumpf, H.-J., Metzner, F., &Pawils, S. (2017). Protective mental health factors in children of parents with alcohol and drug use disorders: A systematic review. PLOS ONE, 12(6), 846–866.
    Wyman, P. A., Cowen, E. L., Work, W. C., Hoyt-Meyers, L., Magnus, K. B., &Fagen, D. B. (1999). Caregiving and developmental factors differentiating young at-risk urban children showing resilient versus stress-affected outcomes: A replication and extension. Child Development, 70(3), 645–659.
    Zolkoski, S. M., & Bullock, L. M. (2012). Resilience in children and youth: A review. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(12), 2295–2303.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    輔導與諮商碩士學位學程
    104172001
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104172001
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202000940
    Appears in Collections:[輔導與諮商碩士學位學程] 學位論文

    Files in This Item:

    File Description SizeFormat
    200101.pdf3262KbAdobe PDF20View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback