政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/131324

政大典藏 > College of International Affairs > International Master`s Program in International Studies > Theses > Item 140.119/131324

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/131324

Title:	經濟制裁成敗關鍵為何? 以歐洲聯盟委員會抵制亞洲七國之漁產品為例 What Contributes to the Success and Failure of Economic Sanctions? The Case of the European Commission’s Threats to Boycott Fishery Products from Seven Asian Countries
Authors:	王善朋 Buarapha, Waratthapoom
Contributors:	薛健吾 Hsueh, Chien-wu 王善朋 Buarapha, Waratthapoom
Keywords:	非法捕魚經濟制裁漁產品歐洲聯盟 IUU Fishing Economic Sanctions Sanctions Threat Fisheries Sector European Commission East and Southeast Asia
Date:	2020
Issue Date:	2020-08-03 18:37:38 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	In 2008, the European Commission developed the so-called “carding system” to fight against the issue of illegal fishing. Through this system, the EC has continuously encouraged major coastal states to take more part in the international fight against the issue of illegal fishing by threatening to boycott fish imports from targeted countries whose vessels conducted illegal fishing activities. Since the carding system was developed, seven countries in Asia have received official sanction warnings from the EC. Out of the seven, four chose to comply with demands from the EC during the threat stage of their sanction episodes (South Korea, the Philippines, Thailand and Taiwan), two chose not to comply (Cambodia and Sri Lanka), and one is still on the EC’s list of warned countries (Vietnam). This is a puzzle worthy of further investigation since the important factors that were mentioned by the sanction literature do not provide a satisfying explanation to explain this variation. The goal of this thesis is to find the factors that contributed to the countries’ different responses to the EC’s sanctions threats. By exploring the cases of the seven countries, I argue that if states are democracies, they are more likely to comply with senders’ demands during the threat stage of the sanctions episode because democracies generally have more political incentives to concede to demands from democratic senders and they also tend to be more well-prepared to address the issue in dispute. Instead, if the targets are autocracies, dependency on the senders’ market is not a sufficient factor for them to comply. In this situation, an involvement of a second superpower like the US is another important reason for them to comply because the interference will put more economic pressure on the targets. My findings supplement the sanction literature by pointing out new causal mechanisms of the political and economic factors.
Reference:	Allen, S. H. (2005). The Determinants of Economic Sanctions Success and Failure. International Interactions, 31(2), 117–138. Ang, A. U.-J., & Peksen, D. (2007). When Do Economic Sanctions Work? Political Research Quarterly, 60(1), 135–145. Asia Sentinel. (2015, August 18). Opinion: Is the Thai-US Alliance About to End?. Asia Sentinel. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.asiasentinel.com/p/opinion-thailand-us-alliance Aspinwall, N. (2020, January 7). Taiwan: The Tsai Doctrine. The Diplomat. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://thediplomat.com/2020/01/taiwan-the-tsai-doctrine/ Associated Press. (2015, March 26). US Renew Call for Thai Crackdown on Fishing Abuses. Bangkok Post. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/509264/us-renews-call-for-thai-crackdown-on-fishing-abuses Baldwin, D. A. (1985). Economic statecraft. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Bangkok Post. (2014, June 21). Aid Cuts Loom in Wake of Slavery List Shaming. Bangkok Post. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/416533/aid-cuts-loom-in-wake-of-slavery-list-shaming Bangkok Post. (2014, June 22). Downgrade Threatens Ties with US. Bangkok Post. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/416665/downgrade-threatens-ties-with-us Bangkok Post. (2015, April 23). Prayut Orders Vows No Complacency in Fight Against EU Fish Ban. Bangkok Post. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/539067/prayut-orders-vows-no-complacency-in-fight-against-eu-fish-ban Bangkok Post. (2015, April 30). PM uses S44 to Set Up Fishery Command Centre. Bangkok Post. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/546799/pm-uses-s44-to-set-up-fishery-command-centre Bangkok Post. (2017, September 21). Fishermen Rise Against EU Demands for Tighter Controls. Bangkok Post. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1328535/fishermen-rise-against-eu-demands-for-tighter-controls Bapat, N. A., Heinrich, T., Kobayashi, Y., & Morgan, T. C. (2013). Determinants of Sanctions Effectiveness: Sensitivity Analysis Using New Data. International Interactions, 39(1), 79–98. BFAR. (2013a). National Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing: Republic of the Philippines. Quezon: Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. BFAR. (2013b). Philippines Fisheries Profile 2013. Quezon: Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. BOBLME. (2015). Review of Impacts of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing on Developing Countries in Asia. London: MRAG Burke, J. & Perara, A. (2015, January 10). Sri Lanka Wakes Up to New Era Under President Sirisena. The Guardian. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/10/sri-lanka-new-era-president-maithripala-sirisena Center for Systemic Peace. (2018). Polity IV Project, Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800-2018 [Data Set]. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: http://www.systemicpeace.org/inscrdata.html Chachavalpongpun, P. (2018, October 30). Thailand’s Post-Coup Foreign Policy. East Asia Forum. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2018/10/30/thailands-post-coup-foreign-policy/ Chan, S. (2017, September 13). Milestones for Fisheries Project. Khmer Times. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.khmertimeskh.com/82630/milestones-fisheries-project/ Chandrasekara, G. (2015, June 22). Sri Lanka to Recover GSP+ After Human Rights Council Sessions in Geneva: PM. Lanka Business Online. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.lankabusinessonline.com/sri-lanka-to-recover-gsp-after-human-rights-council-sessions-in-geneva-pm/ Charoensuthipan, P. (2018, November 30). Thailand First in Asia to Ratify Fishing Pact. Bangkok Post. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1584742/thailand-first-in-asia-to-ratify-fishing-pact Chatham House. (2018). ‘resourcetrade.earth’ [Online Database]. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: http://resourcetrade.earth/ Chen, C. & Low, Y. F. (2017, August 15). Fines Imposed in 109 Cases of Illegal Fishing as of End-July. Focus Taiwan. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://focustaiwan.tw/business/201708150020 Chen, Y. & Lim, E. (2020, April 12). 127 European Parliamentarians Support Taiwan’s WHA Bid. Focus Taiwan. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202004120001 Chuensuksawadi, P., Jikkham, P. & Nathalang, J. (2015, March 27). Slave Boat Owners in Govt Sights. Bangkok Post. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/509583/slave-boat-owners-in-govt-sights Delegation of the European Union to Vietnam. (2019). Guide to the EU-Vietnam Trade and Investment Agreements. Hanoi: Delegation of the European Union to Vietnam. DFAR. (2013). Sri Lanka National Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing 2013. Colombo: Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. DFAR. (2015). Sri Lanka National Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Colombo: Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. DOF. (2015). Thailand National Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (Thailand NPOA-IUU) 2015-2019. Bangkok: Department of Fisheries. Domingo, R. W. (2014, November 24). Bill Threatens PH Commercial Fishing Sector. Inquirer.net. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://business.inquirer.net/182534/bill-threatens-ph-commercial-fishing-sector Drezner, D. W. (1999). The Sanctions Paradox: Economic Statecraft and International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Drezner, D. W. (2003). The Hidden Hand of Economic Coercion. International Organization, 57(3), 643–659. Drury, A. C., & Li, Y. (2006). U.S. Economic Sanction Threats Against China: Failing to Leverage Better Human Rights. Foreign Policy Analysis, 2(4), 307–324. Economy Next. (2015, August 21). Sri Lanka Seafood Exports Dive 36-pct in First Half After EU Ban. Economy Next. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://economynext.com/sri-lanka-seafood-exports-dive-36-pct-in-first-half-after-eu-ban-2364/ EEAS. (2019, May 14). Taiwan and the European Union Hold 2nd Human Rights Consultations [Press Release]. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/liberia/62602/taiwan-and-european-union-hold-2nd-human-rights-consultations_en EETO. (2016). EU-Taiwan Fact File 2016. Taipei: European Economic and Trade Office. EJF, Oceana, The Pew Charitable Trusts, WWF. (2015, October). EU Regulation to Combat Illegal Fishing: Third Country Carding Process: Success for South Korea and the Philippines (Case Study No.2). Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: www.iuuwatch.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Case-Study2.FINAL_.EN_.pdf EJF, Oceana, The Pew Charitable Trusts, WWF. (2016, April). The EU IUU Regulation Carding Process: A Review of European Commission Carding Decisions (Issue Brief – April 2016). Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: www.iuuwatch.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/3rdCountryCardingGuidelinesReport_FINAL.LOW_.pdf EJF. (2015). Thailand’s Seafood Slaves: Human Trafficking, Slavery and Murder in Kantang’s Fishing Industry. London: Environmental Justice Foundation. EJF. (2018, March 1). Exploitation and Lawlessness: The Dark Side of Taiwan’s Fishing Fleet [Video File]. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://vimeo.com/258117796 Esplanada, J. E. (2012, January 11). Philippines Ready to Validate Claim to Spratlys in UN Forum. Inquirer.net. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://globalnation.inquirer.net/22595/philippines-to-china-un-should-resolve-territorial-row European Commission. (2006). Commission Decision of 6 November 2006 Establishing the Lists of Third Countries and Territories from Which Imports of Bivalve Molluscs, Echinoderms, Tunicates, Marine Gastropods and Fishery Products Are Permitted. Official Journal of the European Union, L320/5. European Commission. (2012). Commission Decision of 15 November 2012 on Notifying the Third Countries that the Commission Considers as Possible of Being Identified as Non-Cooperating Third Countries Pursuant to Council Regulation (EC) No 1005/2008 Establishing a Community System to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Official Journal of the European Union, C354/1. European Commission. (2013a). Commission Decision of 26 November 2013 on Notifying the third Countries that the Commission Considers as Possible of Being Identified as Non-Cooperating Third Countries Pursuant to Council Regulation (EC) No 1005/2008 Establishing a Community System to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Official Journal of the European Union, C346/26. European Commission. (2013b). Commission Implementing Decision of 26 November 2013 Identifying the third Countries that the Commission Considers as a Non-Cooperating Third Country Pursuant to Council Regulation (EC) No 1005/2008 Establishing a Community System to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Official Journal of the European Union, C346/2. European Commission. (2014a). Council Implementing Decision of 24 March 2014 Establishing a List of Non-Cooperating Third Countries in Fighting IUU Fishing Pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1005/2008 Establishing a Community System to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Official Journal of the European Union, L91/43 European Commission. (2014b). Commission Decision of 10 June 2014 on Notifying a Third Country That the Commission Considers as Possible of Being Identified as Non-Cooperating Third Countries Pursuant to Council Regulation (EC) No 1005/2008 Establishing a Community System to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Official Journal of the European Union, C185/03. European Commission. (2014c). Commission Implementing Decision of 14 October 2014 Identifying a Third Country that the Commission Considers as a Non-Cooperating Third Country Pursuant to Council Regulation (EC) No 1005/2008 Establishing a Community System to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Official Journal of the European Union, L297/13. European Commission. (2015). Commission Decision of 1 October 2015 on Notifying a Third Country of the Possibility of Being Identified as a Non-Cooperating Third Country in Fighting Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Official Journal of the European Union, C324/17. European Commission. (2015, April 21). EU Acts on Illegal Fishing: Yellow Card Issued to Thailand while South Korea and Philippines are Cleared [Press Release]. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_15_4806 European Commission. (2015, October 1). Fighting Illegal Fishing: Commission Warns Taiwan and Comoros with Yellow Cards and Welcomes Reforms in Ghana and Papua New Guinea [Press Release]. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_15_5736 European Commission. (2015b). Commission Decision of 21 April 2015 on Notifying a Third Country of the Possibility of Being Identified as a Non-Cooperating Third Country in Fighting Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Official Journal of the European Union, C142/7 European Commission. (2017a). Commission Decision of 23 October 2017 Notifying the Socialist Republic of Vietnam of the Possibility of Being Identified as a Non-Cooperating Third Country in Fighting Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Official Journal of the European Union, C364/3. European Commission. (2017b). Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1949 of 25 October 2017 Repealing Implementing Decision 2014/715/EU Identifying Sri Lanka as a Third Country that the Commission Considers as a Non-Cooperating Third Country Pursuant to Council Regulation (EC) No 1005/2008 Establishing a Community System to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Official Journal of the European Union, L276/62 European Commission. (2018). Annex 1 of the Commission Implementing Decision on the Financing of the Annual Action Programme in Favour of Cambodia for 2018 and 2019 part 1. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/3/2018/EN/C-2018-8706-F1-EN-ANNEX-1-PART-1.PDF European Commission. (2019). Client and Supplier Countries of the EU28 in Merchandise Trade (value %) (2018, excluding intra-EU trade). Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2006/september/tradoc_122530.pdf European Commission. (2019, January 8). Commission Lifts “Yellow Card” from Thailand for Its Actions Against Illegal Fishing [Press Release]. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_19_61 European Commission. (2019, June 27). Illegal Fishing: EU Lifts Taiwan’s Yellow Card Following Reforms [Press Release]. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_19_3397 FA. (2012, December 27). Taiwan Becomes a Member of the “South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization”; Fishing Rights on South Pacific Ocean Secured [Press Release]. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.fa.gov.tw/en/Announcement/content.aspx?id=21&chk=7103b05f-345c-4ed3-bad8-b4d160e863c7 FA. (2013). National Plan of Action of the Republic of China (Taiwan) to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing. Taipei: Fisheries Agency of Council of Agriculture of Executive Yuan. FA. (2017, July 31). Act for Distant Water Fisheries. Kaohsiung: Fisheries Agency. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.fa.gov.tw/en/LegalsActs/content.aspx?id=5&chk=ba23e604-1d7f-40fd-8a8b-8d125f16001d#:~:text=This%20Act%20is%20enacted%20to,promote%20the%20sustainable%20operation%20of FA. (2018, March 16). Taiwan Has Continuously Taken Actions to Enhance Protection of Rights and Benefits of Foreign Crew Members Engaging in the Distant Water Fisheries [Press Release]. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.fa.gov.tw/en/Announcement/content.aspx?id=51&chk=fbd8d967-153d-491d-8269-ec671cac9c85¶m= FA. (2019). Fisheries of the Republic of China. Kaohsiung: Fisheries Agency. FAO. (2001). International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Rome: FAO. FAO. (2006). Fishery Country Profile – Sri Lanka. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/DOCUMENT/fcp/en/FI_CP_LK.pdf FAO. (2017). Fishery Commodities Global Production and Trade [Online Database]. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/global-commodities-production/query/en FAO. (2018). Agreement to Promote Compliance with International Conservation and Management Measures by Fishing Vessels on the High Sea. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/legal/docs/012s-e.pdf FAO. (2018b). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 – Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States. FAO. (2019a). Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles – The Kingdom of Cambodia. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: http://www.fao.org/fishery/facp/KHM/en FAO. (2019b). Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles – The Republic of Korea. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: http://www.fao.org/fishery/facp/KOR/en FAO. (2019c). Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles – The Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: http://www.fao.org/fishery/facp/PHL/en FAO. (2019d). Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles – Thailand. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: http://www.fao.org/fishery/facp/THA/en FAO. (2020). Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (PSMA). Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: http://www.fao.org/treaties/results/details/en/c/TRE-000003/ Freedom House. (2018). Freedom in the World 2018 Methodology. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/Methodology_FIW_2018_for_website.pdf Freedom House. (2020). Freedom in the World 2013-2020 [Data Set]. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world?fbclid=IwAR2r4_eCDTDm6r1hl20DejjHOA0hF0DNhC2n1cy8c8HZ_3urAT3dTti95ew George, A. L., & Bennett, A. (2005). Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: MIT Press. Greenpeace. (2013). South Korean Distant Water Fisheries: Illegal, Unreported, Unregulated – and Tarnished by Human Rights Abuses. Amsterdam: Greenpeace International. Greenpeace. (2016, December 15). Thai Fishing Fleet Moving to Indian Ocean to Avoid Regulation, Finds Greenpeace Investigation [Press Release]. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://wayback.archive-it.org/9650/20200401020254/http://p3-raw.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/2016/Thai-fishing-fleet-moving-to-Indian-ocean-to-avoid-regulation-finds-Greenpeace-investigation/ Greenpeace. (2018). Misery at Sea: Human Suffering in Taiwan’s Distant Water Fishing Fleet. Taipei: Greenpeace East Asia. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.greenpeace.org/new-zealand/publication/misery-at-sea/ Guillen, J., Natale, F., Carvalho, N., Casey, J., Hofherr, J., Druon, J., et al. (2019). Global Seafood Consumption Footprint. Ambio. 48(2). 111-122. Gunasekara, S. S. & Rajapaksha, J. (2016). Coupling Logbooks and Vessel Monitoring System for Investigations of Large Pelagic Fishing Activities by Sri Lanka. Colombo: National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency. Haward, M., & Bergin, A. (2000). Taiwan’s distant water tuna fisheries. Marine Policy, 24, 33–43. Hodal, K., Lawrence, F., & Kelly, C. (2014, June 10). Revealed: Asian Slave Labour Producing Prawns for Supermarkets in US, UK. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jun/10/supermarket-prawns-thailand-produced-slave-labour. Hou, E. & Shih, H. (2018, August 27). EU at Final Stage of Reviewing Taiwan’s IUU Compliance. Focus Taiwan. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://focustaiwan.tw/society/201808270008 Hsiao, A. (2016, July 6). Legislature Passes Act on Illegal Fishing. Taipei Times. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2016/07/06/2003650445 Hufbauer, G. C., Schott, J. J., & Elliott, K. A. (1990). Economic Sanctions Reconsidered. Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics. Jayatilleke, C. (2015, April 07). Sri Lanka to Install VMS. World Fishing & Aquaculture. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.worldfishing.net/news101/products/electronics/vessel-monitoring-systems/sri-lanka-to-install-vms Jikkham, P. (2014, December 13). Tier 3 TIP Rank ‘To Be Upgraded Next Year’. Bangkok Post. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/449342/tier-3-tip-rank-to-be-upgraded-next-year Jikkham, P. (2015, April 24). PM to Invoke Section 44 on Fishing Dispute. Bangkok Post. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/539315/pm-to-invoke-section-44-on-fishing-dispute Kurien, J. (2017). Community Fisheries and Organizations of Cambodia: Sharing Processes, Results and Lessons Learned in the Context of the Implementation of the SSF Guideline. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Kusakabe, K. (2004). Women and Men’s Perceptions of Borders and States: The case of Fish Trade on the Thai-Cambodian Border. Journal of GMS Development studies, 1(1): 45-66. Kusakabe, K. (2016). Chapter 16 Coping Capacity of Small-Scale Border Fish Traders in Cambodia. In C. Brun, P. Blaikie & M. Jones (Eds), Alternative Development: Unravelling Marginalization, Voicing Change. Routledge. Lee, J. (2015, December 25). [Lee Jae-min] Korea and Illegal Fishing. The Korea Herald. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20131225000228&ACE_SEARCH=1 Lee, J. J. (2015, October 23). The Truth About South Korea’s TPP Shift. The Diplomat. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://thediplomat.com/2015/10/the-truth-about-south-koreas-tpp-shift/ Lindsay, J. M. (1986). Trade Sanctions as Policy Instruments: A Re-Examination. International Studies Quarterly, 30(2), 153–173. Liu, K. & Wu, L. (2016, July 5). Taiwan to Impose Steep Penalties for Deep-Sea Fishing Violations. Focus Taiwan. Retrieved from: https://focustaiwan.tw/society/201607050025 Lobach, T. (2015). Analysis of IOTC Agreement. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.iotc.org/sites/default/files/documents/2016/02/IOTC-2015-PRIOTC02-1-04_-_Analysis_of_IOTC_Agreement.pdf Marshall, M.G., & Elzinga-Marshall, G. (2017). Global Report 2017: Conflict, Governance and State Fragility. Vienna, Virginia: Center for Systemic Peace. McDowell, R., Mason, M. & Mendoza, M. (2015, March 25). AP Investigation: Slaves May Have Caught the Fish You Bought. Associated Press. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.ap.org/explore/seafood-from-slaves/ap-investigation-slaves-may-have-caught-the-fish-you-bought.html Midani, A. R. & Lee, S. (2016). Confronting Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing with Proper Port and Flagged States Policies: The Case of South Korea and European Union. Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 10(3), 43-51 Miers, A., & Morgan, T. (2002). Multilateral Sanctions and Foreign Policy Success: Can Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth? International Interactions, 28(2), 117–136. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Thailand. (2016, May 11). Thailand accedes to the FAO Agreement on Port State Measures [Press Release]. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: http://www.mfa.go.th/main/en/media-center/14/66730-Thailand-accedes-to-the-FAO-Agreement-on-Port-Stat.html Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Thailand. (2017, May 3). Thailand’s Accession to the United Nations Fish Stock Agreement (UNFSA) [Press Release]. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: http://www.mfa.go.th/main/en/news3/6886/77299-Thailand%E2%80%99s-Accession-to-the-United-Nations-Fish-St.html MOF. (2014). National Plan of Action of the Republic of Korea to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Sejong: Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of the Republic of Korea. Morgan, T. C., & Schwebach, V. L. (1997). Fools Suffer Gladly: The Use of Economic Sanctions in International Crises. International Studies Quarterly, 41(1), 27–50. Mundy, V. (2018). The Impact of the EU IUU Regulation on Seafood Trade Flows: Identification of Intra-EU Shifts in Import Trends Related to the Catch Certification Scheme and Third Country Carding Process. Belgium, Brussels: Environmental Justice Foundation, Oceana, The Pew Charitable Trusts, WWF. Murphy, S. (2015, March 26). AP: TUF Dumps Fish Supplier Accused of Human Slavery Ties. Seafood Source. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.seafoodsource.com/news/environment-sustainability/ap-tuf-dumps-fish-supplier-accused-of-human-slavery-ties Nanuam, W. (2016, January 22). Prawit: EU Pleased with Thai IUU Efforts. Bangkok Post. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/836048/prawit-eu-pleased-with-thai-iuu-efforts NARA. (2018). Fisheries Industry Outlook – 2017. Colombo: National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency. Ngamprasertkit, S. (2018, August 5). Thailand Seafood Report (GAIN Report Number: TH8067). Bangkok: USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. NOAA. (2013). Improving International Fisheries Management: January 2013 Report to Congress. Washington, D.C.: U.S Department of Commerce. NOAA. (2015). Improving International Fisheries Management: February 2015 Report to Congress. Washington, D.C.: US Department of Commerce. NOAA. (2017). Improving International Fisheries Management: January 2017 Report to Congress. Washington, D.C.: US Department of Commerce. NOAA. (2019). Improving International Fisheries Management: 2019 Report to Congress. Washington, D.C.: US Department of Commerce. Oceana. (2015, April 16). Amended Fisheries Code Sets Higher Penalties, Tightens Rules on Commercial Fishing [Press Release]. Oceana. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://oceana.org/press-center/press-releases/amended-fisheries-code-sets-higher-penalties-tightens-rules-commercial Ojamaa, P. (2018). Research for PECH Committee - Fisheries in Vietnam. European Parliament’s Committee on Fisheries. Pape, R. A. (1997). Why Economic Sanctions Do Not Work. International Security, 22(2), 90–136. Pardo, R. P., Desmaele, L., Ernst, M. (2018). EU-ROK Relations: Putting the Strategic Partnership to Work. Brussel: KF-VUB Korea Chair Park, H. (2013, November 26). S.Korea Displeased with Illegal Fishing Nation Designation by the EU. The Korea Herald. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20131126001089 Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. (2013). Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (Amendment) Act, No. 35 of 2013. Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. (2015). Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (Amendment) Act, No.2 of 2015. Prasertpolkrung, J. (2016, January 12). Prawit Positive on IUU Fishing Clampdown. The Nation. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.nationthailand.com/news/30276741?utm_source=category&utm_medium=internal_referral Ramakrishna, T. (2016, April 22). EU Lifts Ban on Sri Lanka’s Fisheries Exports. The Hindu. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/eu-lifts-ban-on-sri-lankas-fish-exports/article8510181.ece Ranada, P. (2014, September 17). Small Fishers Hit ‘Rushed’ Revision of Fisheries Law. Rappler. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.rappler.com/nation/69371-philippines-fisheries-code-eu Ranada, P. (2015, April 13). Talks Begin on How to Implement ‘Revolutionary’ Fisheries Law. Rappler. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.rappler.com/nation/89764-irr-new-philippine-fisheries-law-ra-10654 Ranada, P. (2015, February 17). EU Extends PH Warning Card VS Illegal Fishing. Rappler. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.rappler.com/nation/84181-eu-warning-philippines-fisheries Rappler. (2014, November 41). PH Convicts Chinese Poachers Despite Beijing’s Warning. Rappler. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.rappler.com/nation/75954-philippines-convicts-chinese-poachers-palawan Romero, A. (2013, December 15). Phl Adopts Action Plan VS Illegal Fishing. The Philippine Star. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2013/12/15/1268195/phl-adopts-action-plan-vs-illegal-fishing Russell, M. (2017). EU-Philippines Relations Beyond Trade and Aid?. Brussels: European Parliamentary Research Service. Samiento, B. S. (2014, October 4). PHL Adopts Universal Fishing Treaty. Minda News. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2014/10/phl-adopts-universal-fishing-treaty/ Sea Around Us (2019). Catches by Reporting Status in the Waters of Sri Lanka. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: http://www.seaaroundus.org/data/#/eez/144?chart=catch-chart&dimension=reporting-status&measure=tonnage&limit=10 Seafood Trade Intelligence Portal. (2018). Tuna in the Philippines. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://seafood-tip.com/sourcing-intelligence/countries/philippines/tuna/ Senwong, J. (2016, January 23). EU Gives Six More Months to Tackle IUU Fishing Woes. The Nation. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.nationthailand.com/news/30277548?utm_source=category&utm_medium=internal_referral Szep, J., Spetalnick, M. & Marshall, A. R. C. (2016, June 29). Exclusive: U.S. to Upgrade Thailand in Annual Human Trafficking Report – Sources. Reuters. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-humantrafficking-thailand-idUSKCN0ZE2NH Taipei Times. (2015, November 16). Fisheries Agency to Push Hard Against Illegal Fishing. Taipei Times. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2015/11/16/2003632588 Taipei Times. (2019, May 8). Taiwan and EU Discuss Fishers’ Rights Protection. Taipei Times. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2019/05/08/2003714761 Tempest, M. (2015, November 23). ‘Zero Chance’ of Thailand FTA Under Junta, Commission Official Says. EURACTIV. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/zero-chance-of-thailand-fta-under-junta-commission-official-says/ The Maritime Executive. (2019, December 21). South Korea’s Fisheries Laws Improve. The Maritime Executive. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/south-korea-s-fisheries-laws-improve Trading Economics. (2019). Taiwan GDP [Online Database]. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://tradingeconomics.com/taiwan/gdp UNCTAD. (2017). Fishery Exports and the Economic Development of Least Developed Countries: Bangladesh, Cambodia, the Comoros, Mozambique, Myanmar and Uganda. Geneva: United Nations. United Nations Statistics Division. (2018). GDP and its breakdown at current prices in US Dollars [Data Set]. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/Downloads United Nations. (2020). Chronological lists of ratifications of, accessions and successions to the Convention and the related Agreements. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://www.un.org/depts/los/reference_files/chronological_lists_of_ratifications.htm#Agreement%20for%20the%20implementation%20of%20the%20provisions%20of%20the%20Convention%20of%2010%20December%201982%20relating%20to%20the%20conservation%20and%20management%20of%20straddling%20fish%20stocks%20and%20highly%20migratory%20fish%20stocks United States Department of State. (2014). 2014 Trafficking in Persons Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. United States Department of State. (2015). 2015 Trafficking in Persons Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. United States Department of State. (2016). 2016 Trafficking in Persons Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. United States Department of State. (2019). 2019 Trafficking in Persons Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Urbina, I. (2015, July 27). `Sea Slaves`: The Human Misery That Feeds Pets and Livestock. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/27/world/outlaw-ocean-thailand-fishing-sea-slaves-pets.html. USAID. (2016, December 7). Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing in the Philippines. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://rmportal.net/biodiversityconservation-gateway/projects/spotlight-on-mission-projects/illegal-unreported-and-unregulated-iuu Whiting, A. (2015, February 25). Overfishing Drives Thai Boats to Use More Slave Labour, Sail Further. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-thailand-slavery/overfishing-drives-thai-boats-to-use-more-slave-labour-sail-further-idUKKBN0LT20B20150225. Xinhua. (2013, November 27). EU’s Fish Import Ban Not Harming Cambodia’s Export: Official. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/news/eus-fish-import-ban-not-harming-cambodias-export-official/ Yang, S. & Kao, E. (2018, June 7). 30% of Fishing Boats Allegedly Breach Migrant Employment Rules. Focus Taiwan. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://focustaiwan.tw/society/201806070017 Yang, S. M. & Yeh, J. (2017, October 15). Taiwan Confident EU Will Lift ‘Yellow Card’ Against Illegal Fishing. Focus Taiwan. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/201710150009 Yeh, J. (2018, October 19). Taiwan’ ‘Yellow Card’ Could be Lifted Soon: EU Rep. Focus Taiwan. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/201810190016 Yeh, J. (2019, May 7). EU, Taiwan Discuss Views on Protecting Fishermen’s Rights. Focus Taiwan. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/201905070014 Yonhap News Agency. (2013, June 4). Gov’t Moves to Strengthen Penalties for Illegal Deep-Sea Fishing. Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20130604000900320?section=search Yonhap News Agency. (2014, July 23). EU Delay Decision on Designating S.Korea as Illegal Fisher. Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20140723010000320?section=search Yonhap News Agency. (2014, June 13). U.S. Official Says S.Korean Steps to Fight Illegal Fishing Commendable. Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20140613005200320?section=search Yonhap News Agency. (2014, March 27). S.Korea to Begin Real-time Vessel Tracking Against Illegal Fishing. Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from: https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20140327002100320?section=search
Description:	碩士國立政治大學國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS) 107862004
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107862004
Data Type:	thesis
DOI:	10.6814/NCCU202001152
Appears in Collections:	[International Master`s Program in International Studies] Theses

Files in This Item:

File	Description	Size	Format
200401.pdf		1693Kb	Adobe PDF2	176	View/Open

社群 sharing

Loading...