Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/131284
|
| Title: | 中國在撒哈拉以南非洲的基礎建設投資(2001-2019)
China`s Infrastructure Investments in Sub-Saharan Africa (2001-2019) |
| Authors: | 高德蘭
Hadelin, Goffinet |
| Contributors: | 蘇彥斌
Su, Yen-Pin
高德蘭
Goffinet Hadelin |
| Keywords: | 中國
撒哈拉以南非洲
基礎
建設
投資
China
Infrastructure projects
Political economy
Investment
Risk
Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2020 |
| Issue Date: | 2020-08-03 18:29:56 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | Recent literature suggests that China’s investment in infrastructure projects in developing countries has been increasing. However, few studies have examined the features and strategies of Chinese infrastructure investments. To fill the gap in the literature, I constructed a comprehensive dataset of 67 large Chinese infrastructure projects in Sub-Saharan countries and employed quantitative analyses to test hypotheses regarding the relationship between the amount of money and risks of non-completion of these infrastructure projects. The empirical finding suggests that more expensive infrastructure projects under China’s investment tend to have more chance to be suspended/canceled or postponed. To further examine under what conditions is China more likely to get the infrastructure projects completed, I conduct two case studies for the Mpanda Nkua Dam project and the Kafue Lower Hydroelectric Gorge project. Overall, this thesis demonstrates China’s features and investment strategy containing three different levels of risks of non-completion for infrastructure projects. Moreover, this thesis shows that while more expensive infrastructure projects are remarkable, these projects are less likely to be completed, compared to the less expensive counterparts. |
| Reference: | Acreman, Michael, Mattew P. McCartney and Caroline Sullivan. 2001. “Ecosystem Impacts of Large Dams”. In Background Paper No. 2 Prepared for IUCN/UNEP/WCD. Wallingford: Center for Ecology and Hydrology. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Matthew_Mccartney/publication/45165880_Ecosystem_Impacts_of_Large_Dams/links/0deec538c8d836760c000000/Ecosystem-Impacts-of-Large-Dams.pdf (Accessed March 30, 2020)
Africa Energy Portal. 2019. “Mozambique: Consortium for Technical Assistance to Mphanda Nkuwa Dam”. Africa Energy Portal, 20 September. https://africa-energy-portal.org/news/mozambique-consortium-technical-assistance-mphanda-nkuwa-dam (Accessed May 10, 2020)
Agénor, Pierre-Richard. 2010. "A Theory of Infrastructure-led Development." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 34 (5): 932-950.
Aggad, Faten, Raphaëlle Bisiaux, Ian Christoplos, Peter da Costa, Linnea Hincks and Dena Lomofsky. 2018. “Evaluation of Afrobarometer’s Regional Programme 2011–2017”. In Sida Decentralised Evaluation 6. https://www.sida.se/contentassets/c327e6ab95da4fde853488889b204630/de2018_6_62133en.pdf (Accessed April 18, 2020)
AidData. 2013. “A Rejoinder to Rubbery Numbers on Chinese Aid”. The First Tranche AidData`s, May 1. https://www.aiddata.org/blog/a-rejoinder-to-rubbery-numbers-on-Chinese-aid (Accessed April 22, 2020)
Albrecht, Tamee R., Philip M. Fearnside, Andrea K. Gerlak and Megan Mills-Novoa. 2020. "Dams, Chinese Investments, and EIAs: A Race to the Bottom in South America?" Ambio 49(1): 156-164.
Alvarenga, Daniel. 2008. “Mozambique-China Relations: Common Trends and Hints of Change”. In China Monitor Issue 27. Stellenbosch: Centre for Chinese Studies.
Ansar, Atif, Alexander Budzier, Bent Flyvbjerg and Daniel Lunn. 2014. "Should We Build more Large Dams? The Actual Costs of Hydropower Megaproject Development." Energy Policy 69: 43-56.
Ansar, Atif, Alexander Budzier, Bent Flyvbjerg and Daniel Lunn. 2017. “Big is Fragile”. In The Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management, ed. Bent Flyvbjerg. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Askouri, Ali. 2007. "China’s Investment in Sudan: Displacing Villages and Destroying Communities". In African Perspectives on China in Africa, eds. Firoze Manji and Stephen Marks, 71-86. London: Pambazuka Books.
Atkins, Lucas, Deborah Brautigam, Yunnan Chen, and Jyhjong Hwang. 2017. "Challenges of and Opportunities from the Commodity Price Slump." CARI Economic Bulletin (1): 1-10.
Ayittey, George. 2000. “Combating Corruption in Africa: Analysis and Context.” In Corruption and Development in Africa, eds. Kempe Ronald Hope and B. Chikulo, 104-118. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Balongo, Samuel, Winnie V. Mitullah, Romaric Samson and Pauline M. Wambua. 2016. “Building on Progress: Infrastructure Development still a Major Challenge in Africa”. Afrobarometer, January 14. https://media.africaportal.org/documents/ab_r6_dispatchno69_infrastructure_remains_challenge_en.pdf (Accessed May 3, 2020)
Bayano, Valy. 2006. “Cahora Bassa finally in Mozambican Hands”. Southern African News Features 6 (96), November 13. https://www.sardc.net/en/southern-african-news-features/cahora-bassa-finally-in-mozambican-hands/ (Accessed May 5, 2020)
Bentley, Thomas, Nora Charron, Markus Olapade and Pauline M. Wambua. 2015."Where to Start? Aligning Sustainable Development Goals with Citizen Priorities." Afrobarometer Dispatch 67. https://www.africaportal.org/publications/where-to-start-aligning-sustainable-development-goals-with-citizen-priorities/(Accessed May 3, 2020)
Boden, Jeanne. 2019. Chinese Propaganda Seducing the World. Brussels: PUNCT.
Bosshard, Peter. 2007 "China’s Role in financing African Infrastructure." International Rivers Network 14. https://www.irn.org/files/pdf/china/ChinaEximBankAfrica.pdf (Accessed April 27, 2020)
Bosshard, Peter, Nicole Brewer and Kristen McDonald. 2009. "Exporting Dams: China`s Hydropower Industry Goes Global." Journal of Environmental Management 90: S294-S302.
Bosshard, Peter. 2010. "China`s Overseas Dam Builders: from Rogue Players to Responsible Actors?". Asia-Pacific Journal 8 (17): 1-6.
Brautigam, Deborah and Adama Gaye. 2007. "Is Chinese Investment Good for Africa?". Council on Foreign Relations 20. https://www.issuelab.org/resources/20024/20024.pdf (Accessed April 24, 2020)
Brautigam, Deborah. 2011a. The Dragon`s Gift: the Real Story of China in Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Brautigam, Deborah. 2011b. "Chinese Development Aid in Africa: What, Where, Why, and How Much?”. In Rising China Global Challenges and Opportunities, eds. Jane Golley and Ligang Song. Canberra, Austriala: Australian National University E Press.
Brautigam, Deborah, and Sigrid-Marianella Stensrud Ekman. 2012. "Briefing Rumours and Realities of Chinese Agricultural Engagement in Mozambique." African Affairs 111(444) :483-492.
Brautigam, Deborah. 2012. “The Zambezi Valley: China`s First Agricultural Colony? Fiction or Fact?”. The China Africa Research John Hopkins, January 12. http://www.Chinaafricarealstory.com/2012/01/zambezi-valley-Chinas-first.html (Accessed May 13, 2020)
Brautigam, Deborah. 2013. “Rubbery Numbers for Chinese Aid to Africa”. The China Africa Research John Hopkins, April 30. http://www.Chinaafricarealstory.com/2013/04/rubbery-numbers-on-Chinese-aid.html (Accessed April 22, 2020)
Broadman, Harry G. 2006. “Africa`s Silk Road: China and India`s New Economic Frontier”. Washington, DC: The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/752831468008112968/Africas-silk-road-China-and-Indias-new-economic-frontier (Accessed April 27, 2020)
Brookes, Naomi J., and Giorgio Locatelli. 2015. "Power Plants as Megaprojects: Using Empirics to Shape Policy, Planning, and Construction Management." Utilities Policy 36: 57-66.
Buhl, Søren L, Bent Flyvbjerg and Mette K. Skamris Holm. 2003. "How Common and How Large Are Cost Overruns in Transport Infrastructure Projects?". Transport Reviews 23 (1): 71-88.
Bulan, L. and Sovacool Benjamin K. 2011. "Behind an Ambitious Megaproject in Asia: The History and Implications of the Bakun Hydroelectric Dam in Borneo." Energy Policy 39 (9): 4842-4859.
Burcar Dunovic, Ivana, Mladen Radujkovic, and Mladen Vukomanovic. 2016. "Internal and External Risk Based Assessment and Evaluation for the Large Infrastructure Projects." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 22 (5): 673-682.
Buur, Lars, Helene Maria Kyed. 2006. "New Sites of Citizenship: Recognition of Traditional Authority and Group-based Citizenship in Mozambique." Journal of Southern African Studies 32 (3): 563-581.
Butterfield, William, Vivien Foster and Chuan Chen. 2009. “Building Bridges: China`s Growing Role as Infrastructure Financier for Africa”. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/978-0-8213-7554-9 (Accessed January 20, 2020)
Campbell, Horace. 2008. “China in Africa: Challenging US Global Hegemony”. Third World Quarterly 29 (1): 89-105.
Carbone, Giovanni M. 2003. “Emerging Pluralist Politics in Mozambique: The Frelimo-Renamo Party System”. Crisis States Research Centre Working Papers Series 1 (23): 1-28.
Cheatham, Amelia, Judd Devermont and Catherine Chiang. 2019. "Assessing the Risks of Chinese Investments in Sub-Saharan Africa Ports." Center for Strategic and International Studies, June 4. https://www.csis.org/analysis/assessing-risks-Chinese-investments-sub-saharan-african-ports (Accessed January 20, 2020)
Chen, Wenjie, David Dollar, and Heiwai Tang. 2018. "Why Is China Investing in Africa? Evidence from the Firm Level." The World Bank Economic Review 32 (3): 610-632.
Cheung, Yin‐Wong, Jakob De Haan, Xingwang Qian and Yu Shu. “China`s Outward Direct Investment in Africa”. Review of International Economics 20 (2): 201-220.
Chingwete, Anyway, Mogopodi Lekorwe, Mina Okuru and Romaric Samson. 2016. “China’s growing Presence in Africa wins largely Positive Popular Reviews” Afrobarometer Dispatch 122. https://afrobarometer.org/fr/publications/ad122-la-presence-accrue-de-la-chine-en-afrique-attire-des-appreciations-largement (Accessed April 20, 2020)
Chohan, Usman W. 2017. “What Is One Belt One Road? A Surplus Recycling Mechanism Approach”. In The Belt and Road Initiative, eds. Julien Chaisse and Jędrzej Górski, 205-219. Leiden, Nederland: Brill | Nijhoff.
Chongo, Clarence. 2016. “Decolonising Southern Africa: A History of Zambia`s Role in Zimbabwe`s Liberation Struggle 1964-1979”. PhD diss. University of Pretoria.
Conrad, Björn, Mercedes Fernandez, and Bamshad Houshyani. 2011. "Towards an Emerging Partnership? Exploring China’s Role as Catalyst of Renewable Energy Development in Africa." https://www.climatefocus.com/sites/default/files/towards_an_energizing_partnership.pdf (Accessed April 22, 2020)
Cuvilas, Carlos Alberto, Raida Jirjis, and Carlos Lucas. 2010. "Energy Situation in Mozambique: A Review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (7): 2139-2146.
Dash, Ranjan Kumar, Geethanjali Nataraj and Pravakar Sahoo. 2010. "Infrastructure Development and Economic Growth in China." Institute of Developing Economies Discussion Paper 261. https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Dp/261.html (Accessed April 22, 2020)
Dash, Ranjan Kumar, Geethanjali Nataraj and Pravakar Sahoo. 2012. "China`s growth story: The role of physical and social infrastructure." Journal of Economic Development 37 (1): 53-75.
Davidson, Ogunlade, and Stanford A. Mwakasonda. 2004. "Electricity Access for the Poor: A Study of South Africa and Zimbabwe." Energy for Sustainable Development 8 (4): 26-40.
Debebe, Mihret and James Stevenson. 2009. “Hydro Power in Ethiopia - the Staged Construction of Tekeze Arch Dam.” International Waterpower & Dam Construction, May 11. https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/features/featurehydro-power-in-ethiopia-the-staged-construction-of-tekeze-arch-dam/ (Accessed March 27, 2020)
Dreher, Axel and Andreas Fuchs. 2012. “Rogue Aid? The Determinants of China’s Aid Allocation. Courant Research Centre Discussion Paper 93. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1926471 (Accessed February 7, 2020)
Dreher, Axel, Andreas Fuchs, Bradley Park, Michael J. Tierney, Vijaya Ramachandran, Austin Strange. 2013. “China`s Development Finance to Africa: A Media-based Approach to Data Collection”. Center for Global Development Working Paper 323. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2259924 (Accessed February 7, 2020)
Dreher, Axel, Andreas Fuchs, Austin Strange, Bradley Park, Michael J. Tierney. 2017. “Aid, China, and Growth: Evidence from a New Global Development Finance Dataset”. AidData Working paper 46, October. https://www.aiddata.org/data/chinese-global-official-finance-dataset (Accessed Januray 27, 2020)
Eberhard, Anton, Orvika Rosnes, Maria Shkaratan and Haakon Vennemo. 2011. “Africa`s Power Infrastructure: Investment, Integration, Efficiency”. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/545641468004456928/pdf/613090PUB0Afri158344B09780821384558.pdf (Accessed January 20, 2020)
Edinger, Hannah and Jean-Pierre Labuschagne. 2019. “If You Want to Prosper, Consider Building Roads”. Deloitte Insights, March 22. https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/industry/public-sector/China-investment-africa-infrastructure-development.html (Accessed March 10, 2020)
Ellis, Evan. 2014. “Loan-Backed Construction—The New Model”. In China on the Ground in Latin America: Challenges for the Chinese and Impacts on the Region, eds. Wan Ming and Natasha Hamilton-Hart, 47-85. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ellis, Robert Evan. 2009. China in Latin America: the Whats and Wherefores. Boulder, Co: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Elliot, Esi and Fei Li Wang. 2014. “China in Africa: Presence, Perceptions, and Prospects”. Journal of Contemporary China 23 (90): 1012-1032.
Esosio, Mark and Terence Tse.2015. "China’s Growing Footprint in Africa Is Potentially Damaging." Fortune, November 20. http://fortune.com/2015/11/20/China-africa-damaging-ties/ (Accessed May 12, 2020)
Eximbank, China. 2008. "Guidelines for Environmental and Social Impact Assessments of the China Export and Import Bank’s (China EXIM Bank) Loan Projects".
https://www.followingthemoney.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/2007.08.28_China-Exim-Bank_Guidelines-for-Env-and-Soc-Impact-Assessments-2007_Exim_E.pdf (Accessed May 12, 2020)
Flyvbjerg, Bent. 2004. "Megaprojects and Risk: A Conversation with Bent Flyvbjerg." Critical Planning 11: 51-63.
Flyvbjerg, Bent. 2005. "Design by Deception: the Politics of Megaproject Approval." Harvard Design Magazine Spring/Summer 22: 50-59.
Flyvbjerg, Bent. 2007. "Policy and Planning for Large-Infrastructure Projects: Problems, Causes, Cures." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 34 (4): 578-597.
Flyvbjerg, Bent. 2014. "What you Should Know about Megaprojects and Why: An Overview." Project Management Journal 45 (2): 6-19.
Flyvbjerg, Bent, ed. 2017. The Oxford handbook of Megaproject Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fox, Collen and Chris Sneddon. 2008 "Struggles over Dams as Struggles for Justice: The World Commission on Dams (WCD) and Anti-Dam Campaigns in Thailand and Mozambique." Society and Natural Resources 21 (7): 625-640.
Fukuyama, Francis. 2016. "Exporting the Chinese Model". Project Syndicate 12. https://www.project-syndicate.org/onpoint/china-one-belt-one-road-strategy-by-francis-fukuyama-2016-01?barrier=accesspaylog (Accessed May 15, 2020)
Gallagher, Kevin and Roberto Porzecanski. 2010. The Dragon in the Room: China and the Future of Latin American Industrialization. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Gillespie, Patrick. 2016. "China Is Cutting Off Cash to Venezuela." CNN Money, January 20. https://money.cnn.com/2016/01/18/news/economy/venezuela-economy-meltdown/ (Accessed February 20, 2020)
Godet, Flavia, and Stephan Pfister. 2007. "Case Study on the Itezhi-Tezhi and the Kafue Gorge Dam." The Science and Politics of International Water Management, Part I and II: 1-27.
Goh, Evelyn, ed. 2016. Rising China`s Influence in Developing Asia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gransow, Bettina. 2015. “Chinese Infrastructure Investment in Latin America — An Assessment of Strategies, Actors and Risks” Journal of Chinese Political Science 20(3): 267–287.
Han, Xuehui, Jiaqi Su, and Jang Ping Thia. 2019. "Impact of Infrastructure Investment on Developed and Developing Economies." In AIIB report, October. https://www.aiib.org/en/news-events/media-center/working-papers/pdf/2019_Infrastructure-Impact_AIIB-Working-Paper-Revision.pdf (Accessed May 5, 2020)
Hanlon, Joseph. 2007. "Is Poverty Decreasing in Mozambique." Paper Presented at the Inaugural Conference of the Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Económicos, Maputo. 19th September. https://www.iese.ac.mz/lib/publication/Hanlon,Joseph_Poverty.pdf (Accessed May 7, 2020)
HCB. 2020. “Our History”. https://www.hcb.co.mz/about-us/ (Accessed May 5, 2020)
Holslag, Jonathan and Sara Van Hoeymissen, eds. 2010. The Limits of Socialization: The Search for EU–China Cooperation towards Security Challenges in Africa. Brussels: Brussels Institute for Contemporary China Studies.
Horta, Loro. "The Zambezi Valley: China’s First Agricultural Colony?" Washington DC, Centre for Strategic International Studies 8 (2008).
Huang, Yiping and Bijun Wang. 2011. "Chinese Outward Direct Investment: Is There a China Model?". China & World Economy 19 (4): 1-21.
Humphreys, Martin, Aiga Stokenberga, Matias Herrera Dappe, Olivier Hartmann, and Atsushi Iimi. 2019. Port Development and Competition in East and Southern Africa: Prospects and Challenges. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31897(Accessed April 25, 2020)
IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2007. "Debt Relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative." https://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/2007/eng/082807.pdf (Accessed April 25, 2020)
IMF. 2020. “Debt Relief Under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative”. March 25. https://www.imf.org/en/About/Factsheets/Sheets/2016/08/01/16/11/Debt-Relief-Under-the-Heavily-Indebted-Poor-Countries-Initiative (Accessed April 25, 2020)
Isaacman, Allen F., and Barbara S. Isaacman. 2013. Dams, Displacement, and the Delusion of Development: Cahora Bassa and its Legacies in Mozambique, 1965–2007. Ohio: Ohio University Press.
Isaacman, Allen, and Chris Sneddon. 2003. "Portuguese Colonial Intervention, Regional Conflict and Post-Colonial Amnesia: Cahora Bassa Dam, Mozambique 1965–2002". Portuguese Studies review 11 (1): 207-236.
Jansson, Johanna, and Carine Kiala. 2009. "Patterns of Chinese Investment, Aid and Trade in Mozambique." In Briefing Paper for WWF. Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch, Centre for Chinese Studies. http://assets.wwf.org.uk/downloads/ccs_mozambique_briefing_paper_october_2009.pdf(Accessed (May 10, 2020)
Kalumba, Malunga and Edwin Nyirenda (2017). “River Flow Availability for Environmental Flow Allocation Downstream of Hydropower Facilities in the Kafue Basin of Zambia”. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 102: 21–30.
Kesselring, Rita. 2017. "The Electricity Crisis in Zambia: Blackouts and Social Stratification in New Mining Towns." Energy Research & Social Science 30: 94-102.
Konings, Piet. 2007. “China and Africa: Building a Strategic Partnership”. Journal of Developing Societies 23(3): 341–67.
Lindblom, Charles E. 1979. "Still Muddling, not yet through." Public Administration Review 39 (6): 517-526.
van de Looy, Judith. 2006. "Africa and China: A Strategic Partnership?". Strategic Analysis 30(3): 562–575.
Lumumba-Kasongo, Tukumbi. 2011. “China-Africa Relations: A Neo-Imperialism or a Neo-Colonialism? A Reflection”. African and Asian Studies 10(2-3): 234-266.
Lusakatimes. 2015. “ZESCO Signs Deal to Construct the Kafue Gorge Power Project”. Lusakatimes, 20 October. https://www.lusakatimes.com/2015/10/20/zesco-signs-deal-to-construct-the-kafue-gorge-power-project/ (Accessed May 18, 2020)
Macauhub. 2015. “Hydropower Projects in Mozambique Attract Chinese Groups Three Gorges and State Grid”. Macauhub, 23 June. https://macauhub.com.mo/feature/hydropower-projects-in-mozambique-attract-Chinese-groups-three-gorges-and-state-grid/ (Accessed May 10, 2020)
Macola, Giacomo. 2008. One Zambia, Many Histories: towards a History of Post-Colonial Zambia. Leiden, Nederland: Brill.
Mawdsley, Doctor Emma. 2012. From Recipients to Donors: Emerging Powers and the Changing Development Landscape. London: Zed Books Ltd.
McCully, Patrick. 1996. Silenced Rivers: The Ecology and Politics of Large Dams. London: Zed Books Ltd.
Mediafax. 2002. “Mepanda Uncua Hydroelectric Project—Livaningo Defends Rigorous Study”. Mediafax News Agency, 27 September. http://www.irn.org/ programs/mphanda/index.php?id=020927study.html (Accessed 10 May 2020)
Ministry of Commerce (PRC). 2019. “Statistics on China-Africa Trade in 2018”. http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/statistic/lanmubb/AsiaAfrica/201901/20190102831255.shtml (Accessed February 12, 2020)
Mohan, Giles, Marcus Power and May Tan-Mullins. 2012. China`s Resource Diplomacy in Africa: Powering Development? London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Morrisey, James. 2006. Livelihoods at Risk: the Case of the Mphanda Nkuwa Dam (Community Risk Assessment for the Proposed Mphanda Nkuwa Hydroelectic Dam). Maputo, Mozambique: Justiça Ambiental.
https://www.internationalrivers.org/sites/default/files/attached-files/mphandara2006.pdf (Accessed May 10, 2020)
Ngoma-Leslie, Agnes. 2016. "Zambia and China: Workers` Protest, Civil Society and the Role of Opposition Politics in Elevating State Engagement." African Studies Quarterly 16 (3-4): 89–106.
Nijkamp, Peter and Barry Ubbels. 1999. "How Reliable Are Estimates of Infrastructure Costs? A Comparative Analysis." International Journal of Transport Economics 26(1): 23-53.
NSENERGY. 2020. “Mphanda Nkuwa Hydropower Project”. NSENERGY. https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/mphanda-nkuwa-hydropower-project/ (Accessed May 10, 2020)
Ngoma, Jumbe. 2010. "World Bank President Praises Reforms In Zambia, Underscores Need For Continued Improvements In Policy And Governance". World Bank, 18 december. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2010/12/18/world-bank-president-praises-reforms-zambia-underscores-need-continued-improvements-policy-governance (Accessed May 18, 2020)
Nordensvard, Johan and Frauke Urban. 2014. "China Dams the World: The Environmental and Social Impacts of Chinese Dams." E-International Relations 30. https://www.e-ir.info/2014/01/30/china-dams-the-world-the-environmental-and-social-impacts-of-chinese-dams/ (Accessed May 12, 2020)
OCDE. 2013. OECD Investment Policy Reviews: Mozambique 2013. Paris: Éditions OCDE.
Ofstad, Arve, and Elling Tjønneland. 2019. "Zambia’s Looming Debt Crisis–is China to Blame?" CMI Insight 6866. https://www.cmi.no/publications/6866-zambias-looming-debt-crisis-is-china-to-blame(Accessed May 12, 2020)
Paehlke, Robert, ed. 1995. Conservation and Environmentalism: An Encyclopedia. London: Taylor & Francis.
Pitso, Kanelo. 2015. “China-Africa Policy of Non-Interference in the 21st Century: Opportunity for Growth or Exploitation”. Ph.D. diss., University of the Witwatersrand.
Poppe, Geert. 2009 The Origins of Mozambique`s Liberalization, a Reassessment of FRELIMO`s Early Years. Ph.D. diss., University of Southern California.
Pretorius, Leon G. 2005. “The Political Economy of South African Foreign Direct Investment in Mozambique: A Case Study of MOZAL and its Implications for Development in Mozambique and Southern Africa.” Ph.D. diss., University of the Western Cape.
Ramo, Joshua Cooper. 2004. The Beijing Consensus: Notes on the New Physics of Chinese Power. London: Foreign Policy Centre.
Rebol, Max. 2010. "Public Perceptions and Reactions: Gauging African Views of China in Africa". Turkish Journal of International Relations 9 :149-186.
Rein, Shaun. 2012. The End of Cheap China: Economic and Cultural Trends that will Disrupt the World, 1st edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Regissahui, Magby. 2019. “Overview on the China-Africa Trade Relationship”. Open Journal of Social Sciences (7): 381-403.
Rich, Timothy S. 2009. "Status for Sale: Taiwan and the Competition for Diplomatic Recognition." Issues & Studies 45 (4): 159-188.
Riberio, Daniel. 2004. “An Analysis of the Mphanda Nkuwa Dam Project Against the World Commission on Dams (WCD) Guidelines”.
https://www.internationalrivers.org/sites/default/files/attached-files/040101mphanda.pdf (Accessed May 10, 2020)
Rotblat, Joseph, ed. 2001. Confronting the Challenges of the 21st Century-Proceedings of The Forty-ninth Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs. Singapour: World Scientific.
Sachs, Jeffrey D. 2006. The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time. New York, NY: Penguin Press.
Schumacher, Ernst Friedrich. 1973. Small Is Beautiful: A Study of Economics as if People Mattered. New York, NY: Vintage Books.
Siciliano, Giuseppina, Frauke Urban, May Tan-Mullins, and Giles Mohan. 2018. "Large Dams, Energy Justice and the Divergence between International, National and Local Developmental Needs and Priorities in the Global South". Energy Research & Social Science 41: 199-209.
Su, Yen-Pin and Oscar-René Vargas Delgado. 2017. “Is China Becoming a Hegemonic Challenge in Latin America and the Caribbean? A Political Economy Analysis of the Nicaragua Interoceanic Canal Project”. Issues & Studies 53(1), 1740002-1-1740002-32.
Takouleu, Jean-Marie. 2019 “Zambia: Sinohydro Halts Work at Kafue Gorge Dam”. Afrik 21, September 21. https://www.afrik21.africa/en/zambia-sinohydro-halts-work-at-kafue-gorge-dam-site/(Accessed May 19, 2020)
Taylor, Ian. 2002. “Taiwan`s Foreign Policy and Africa: The Limitations of Dollar Diplomacy” Journal of Contemporary China 11(30): 125-140.
Tawfik, Rawia M. 2015. “Revisiting Hydro-Hegemony from a Benefit Sharing Perspective: The Case of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam”. Discussion Paper 5.
Tesfanews. 2015. “USD 400 Million New Massawa Port Project Contract Goes to Chinese Company CHEC”. Tesfanews, February 1. https://www.tesfanews.net/us-400-million-new-massawa-port-project-contract-goes-Chinese-chec/ (Accessed March 27, 2020)
The Economist. 2011. "The River Nile: A Dam Nuisance. Egypt and Ethiopia Quarrel over Water". The Economist, April 20. https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2011/04/20/a-dam-nuisance (Accessed July 23, 2020)
UNECA. 2019. “Positioning Africa to Deliver on Agenda 2063 and Economic Integration through Multi-Sectorial Approaches to Infrastructure Development”. https://www.uneca.org/5th-pida-week (Accessed May 3, 2020)
UNDP. 2018. “2018 Statistical Update: Human Development Indices and Indicators”. New York: UN. http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-indices-indicators-2018 (Accessed May 4, 2020)
USAID. 2019. “Mozambique Agriculture and Food Security”. https://www.usaid.gov/mozambique/agriculture-and-food-security (Accessed May 3, 2020)
Van Dijk, Meine Pieter, ed. 2009. The New Presence of China in Africa. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Vines, Alex. 2007. "China in Africa: a Mixed Blessing?". Current History 106 (700): 213-219.
Wantchekon, Leonard. 2014. “Breaking the Cycle of Rural Poverty: One Infrastructure Investment at a Time”. World Bank Blog “Africa Can End Poverty”, 14 October. http://blogs.worldbank.org/africacan/breaking-cycle-rural-poverty-one-infrastructureinvestment-time. (Accessed May 5, 2020)
Whitaker, Beth E. 2010. “Soft Balancing among Weak States? Evidence from Africa”. International Affairs 86 (5):1109–1127.
White, E. 1973. "Zambia`s Kafue Hydroelectric Scheme and its Biological Problems." Washington DC American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph Series 17: 620-628.
Will, Rachel. 2012. "China`s Stadium Diplomacy." World Policy Journal 29(2): 36-43.
World Bank. 2009." Managing Water for Sustainable Growth and Poverty Reduction" Washington DC: World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/297971468170957020/pdf/529630ESW0P10710Assistance0Strategy.pdf (Accessed May 19, 2020)
World Bank. 2010. "The Zambezi River Basin a Multi-Sector Investment Opportunities Qnalysis." Washington DC: World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/938311468202138918/pdf/584040V30WP0Wh110State0of0the0Basin.pdf (Accessed May 14, 2020)
World Bank. 2014. “Logistics Performance Index”. Washington DC: World Bank. http://lpi.worldbank.org/ (Accessed May 4, 2020)
World Bank. 2016. “International LPI Global Ranking”. Washington DC: World Bank. http://lpi.worldbank. org/international/global/2016. (Accessed May 4, 2020)
World Bank. 2018. “International LPI Global Ranking”. Washington DC: World Bank. http://lpi.worldbank. org/international/global/2018. (Accessed May 18, 2020)
World Bank. 2015. “Republic of Mozambique Energy Sector Policy Note Energy Sector Policy Work”. Washington DC: World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/135711468180536987/ACS17091-REVISED-PUBLIC-Mozambique-Energy-Sector-Policy-Note.pdf (Accessed May 10, 2020)
Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. 2008. "Dancing with the Dragon Africa`s Courtship with China." The Global South 2(2): 171-187. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
107926012 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107926012 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU202001104 |
| Appears in Collections: | [亞太研究英語博/碩士學位學程(IDAS/IMAS)] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 601201.pdf | | 1036Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 87 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
