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| Title: | 美國及印度對我國反傾銷調查案例研究：以基本金屬及化學品傾銷調查為例
A Study on Anti-Dumping Investigation in the United States and India: the Cases of Base Metals and Chemical Products |
| Authors: | 董芷均
Dong, Jhih-Jyun |
| Contributors: | 陳純一
Chen, Chun-i
董芷均
Dong, Jhih-Jyun |
| Keywords: | 反傾銷
WTO
基本金屬及其製品
化學品
美國
印度
實質損害
傾銷幅度
Anti-dumping
WTO
the United States
India
Base Mmetals
Products of the Chemical
Material Injury
Margin of Dumping |
| Date: | 2020 |
| Issue Date: | 2020-08-03 18:29:03 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本文研究目的在於瞭解為何我國基本金屬及其製品與化學品，分別經常面對來自美國及印度的反傾銷調查，並被課徵反傾銷稅的緣由。故本文探討WTO現行反傾銷制度，並說明美國及印度反傾銷規範，再以實際上我國曾面對的反傾銷調查案例作分析。最後，提出我國在面對反傾銷調查時應對策略，以利我國業者未來在因應反傾銷調查時，能爭取最佳的裁判結果。
經探討WTO、美國及印度反傾銷制度，與我國面對反傾銷調查的實際案例，得知在WTO運作多年後，許多國家開始修正貿易政策，試圖在追求自由貿易與保護國內產業上取得平衡。而為配合政府政策，國外業者提出的反傾銷調查案件，應會更加頻繁，身為出口導向貿易國，我國業者將持續面對調查的可能性勢必仍高。為提升我國業者因應反傾銷調查的能量，本文歸納3大建議因應對策，分別是：一、事前預防上，政府應建立出口預警機制，並統計出口量、出口價格等資訊，及建立專家學者、律師、會計師資料庫，作為事前準備，降低調查發生時慌亂的狀況；二、事中處置時，當業者面對調查，應詳細回復調查問卷資訊、參與公聽會，並尋求書面及現場查核一致；三、調查發生後，申請政府補助應訴費用，並與其他業者及我國政府代表共同組成遊說團體、聯合產業鏈其他生產階段工會或消費者，避免主管機關裁判時有所偏頗。
The purpose of this thesis is to understand the reason why Taiwan has to face anti-dumping investigation on base metals from the United States, products of the chemical from India. This thesis research on WTO anti-dumping agreement, the United States and India anti-dumping regulations. It also analyzes practical cases from the 2 countries. Then, it will provide the best response strategy when facing anti-dumping investigations and will help firms to fight for the best judgment results.
After discussing the WTO, the United States and India`s anti-dumping regulations, and the cases of Taiwan`s anti-dumping investigations, this thesis includes that as an export-oriented trading country, anti-dumping investigation cases may remain common. In order to respond to anti-dumping investigations, 3 issues shuld be considerated. First, in terms of precautions, government should establish an export early warning system and database including export volume, export price, list of consulting experts, etc. Secondly, when dealing with an investigation, reply to the questionnaire in detail and participate in the hearing. Finally, apply for government subsidies when facing an investigation. Also, lobby the authority with other unions and industries from different positions. After the investigation, establishing product differentiation and monitoring export performance is indispensable. |
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劉忠勇，2020/1/10。〈中鋼勝訴 銷美碳合金定尺鋼板反傾銷關稅大幅降為6.73〉，《經濟日報》，<https://money.udn.com/money/story/5599/4278581>。
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薛乃綺，2019/7/5，〈汽車輕量化材料發展趨勢〉，《材料世界網》，<https://www.materialsnet.com.tw/DocView.aspx?id=40105>。
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二、英文部分
(一)Books
Office of The Federal Register, 2014. Title 19 Customs Duties Parts 200 to End. Washington：U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, pp. 96-128.
(二)Articles
John Barcelo, 1972/4. “Antidumping Law as Barriers to Trade: The United States and the International Antidumping Code,” Cornell Law Review, Vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 498-560.
Marie Louise Hurabiell, 1995/9. “Protectionism versus Free Trade: Implementing the GATT Antidumping Agreement in The United States,” University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Business Law, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 567-614.
Nandana Baruah, 2007/6/18. “An Analysis of Factors Influencing the Anti‐dumping Behaviour in India,” The World Economy, Vol. 20, Iss. 7, pp. 1033-1191.
Robert E. Baldwin & Jeffrey W. Steagall, 1993/2. “An Analysis of Factors Influencing ITC Decisions in Antidumping, Countervailing Duty and Safeguard Cases,” NBER Working Papers 4282, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., pp. 2-7.
Samir Kumar Singh, 2005/3/12. “An Analysis of Anti-Dumping Cases in India,” Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 40, No. 11, pp. 1069-1074.
Thomas J. Prusa, 2005/5. “Anti-dumping: A Growing Problem in International Trade,” Rutgers University:The World Economic, Vol. 28, pp. 683-699.
Tran, A. L., 2012/2. “Dumping and Antidumping in the United States: A Comprehensive Review of Key Issues,” International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 73-82.
(三)Official Documents
Authority of Congress under the Direction of the Secretary of State, 1917/12. 1916 Income Tax Act, pp. 756-801.
Commiitte on Finance United States Senate, 1968/7/5. The Antidumping Act of 1921 and the International Antidumping Code, pp. 1-15.
Commiitte on Finance United States Senate, 1974/12/30. Trade Act of 1974, pp. 1-9.
(四)Internet Resources
American Iron and Steel Institute, 2019/4/3. “2019 Profile of the American Iron and Steel Institute,” pp. 22-27, American Iron and Steel Institute, <https://www.steel.org/-/media/doc/steel/reports/2019-aisi-profile-book.ashx>
Amy Ebben, 2019/12/13. “U.S. Steel Market Update,” pp. 5, ArcelorMittal USA, <https://www.chicagofed.org/~/media/others/events/2019/economic-outlook-symposium/ebben-steel-industry-outlook-pdf.pdf>
Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC), 2015/4/16. Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, Government of India, “Seeks to levy anti-dumping duty on import of Acetone,originating in or exported from Chinese Taipei and Saudi Arabia,” Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC), <http://www.cbic.gov.in/Customs-Notifications>
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2008/1/4. “Antidumping investigations involving imports of Acetone originating in or exported from European Union, Chinese Taipei, Singapore, South Africa & USA.” Case NO. 14/4/2006-DGAD, Department of Commerce, <http://www.dgtr.gov.in/sites/default/files/Final-Findings_79.pdf>
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2013/7/23. “Anti-dumping Investigation Concerning Imports of Acetone Originating in or Exported from Chinese Taipei and Saudi Arabia-Government of India Ministry of Commerce & Industry Department of Commerce,” Case No. : 14/16/2012-DGAD, Department of Commerce, <http://www.dgtr.gov.in/sites/default/files/adint_Acetone_Chinese_Taipei_Saudi%20Arabia.pdf>
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2014/7/23. “Extension of time period for completing the investigation in the antidumping investigation concerning imports of Acetone originating in or exported from Chinese Taipei and Saudi Arabia-reg.” Case No.:14/16/2012-DGAD, Department of Commerce, <http://www.dgtr.gov.in/sites/default/files/Extension%20letter%20-%20Acetone.pdf>
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2014/8/6. “Phenol originating in or exported from Chinese Taipei and USA,” Case No.:14/17/2012-DGAD, Department of Commerce, <http://www.dgtr.gov.in/anti-dumping-cases/phenol-originating-or-exported-chinese-taipei-and-usa>
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2015/1/22. “Anti-dumping investigation concerning imports of Acetone originating in or exported from Chinese Taipei and Saudi Arabia.” Case No.:14/16/2012-DGAD, Department of Commerce, <http://www.dgtr.gov.in/sites/default/files/adfin_Acetone_Chinese_Taipei_Saudi_Arabia.pdf>
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2016/2/18. “2-Ethyl Hexanol originating in or exported from EU, Indonesia, Korea RP, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Chinese Taipei and USA,” Case No.:14/24/2014-DGAD, Department of Commerce, <http://www.dgtr.gov.in/anti-dumping-cases/2-ethyl-hexanol-originating-or-exported-eu-indonesia-korea-rp-malaysia-saudi-1>
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2017/4/11. “Hydrogen Peroxide originating in or exported from Bangladesh, Taiwan, Korea, Indonesia, Pakistan and Thailand,” Case No.:14/3/2015-DGAD, Department of Commerce, <http://www.dgtr.gov.in/anti-dumping-cases/hydrogen-peroxide-originating-or-exported-bangladesh-taiwan-korea-indonesia>
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2018/2/1. “Imports of Methyl Ethyl ketone or MEK,” Case No.:14/26/2016-DGAD, Department of Commerce, <http://www.dgtr.gov.in/anti-dumping-cases/imports-methyl-ethyl-ketone-or-mek>
Department of Commerce New Delh, 2018/4/17. “Hydrogen Peroxide originating in or exported from Bangladesh, Taiwan, Korea, Indonesia, Pakistan and Thailand CESTAT Remand Back,” Case No.:14/3/2015-DGAD, Department of Commerce, <http://www.dgtr.gov.in/sites/default/files/FF%20NCV_1.pdf>
European Commission, 2014/5/26. “Archive：Manufacture of Chemicals and Chemical Products Statistics - NACE Rev. 2 (French: Nomenclature statistique des activités économiques dans la Communauté européenne, 2013),” EUROSTAT, <https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Archive:Manufacture_of_chemicals_and_chemical_products_statistics_-_NACE_Rev._2>
Federal Register, 1997/5/19. “19 CFR Part 351 et al,” Vol. 62, No.96, pp. 27296-27424, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-1997-05-19/html/97-12201.htm>
Federal Register, 2016/5/5. “Certain Carbon and Alloy Steel Cut-ToLength Plate From Austria, Belgium, Brazil, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the People`s Republic of China, South Africa, Taiwan, and the Republic of Turkey: Initiation of Less-Than-FairValue Investigations,” Vol. 81, No. 87, pp. 27089-27104, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2016/Cut-to-Length%20Plate%20from%20Austria,%20Belgium,%20Brazil,%20China,%20France,%20Germany,%20Italy,%20Japan,%20Korea,%20South%20Africa,%20Taiwan,%20and%20Turkey/Preliminary/ita_initiation_ctl_plate.pdf>
Federal Register, 2016/9/27. “Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bar (Rebar) From Japan, Taiwan, and Turkey; Institution of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Investigations and Scheduling of Preliminary Phase Investigations,” Vol. 81, No. 187, pp. 66294-66295, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2016/Rebar%20from%20Japan,%20Taiwan,%20and%20Turkey/Preliminary/rebar_-_institution.pdf>
Federal Register, 2016/10/10. “Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bar From Japan, Taiwan and Turkey,” Vol. 81, No. 218, pp. 79050, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2016/Rebar%20from%20Japan,%20Taiwan,%20and%20Turkey/Preliminary/81_fr_79050_usitc_deter_rebar_p_111016.pdf>
Federal Register, 2016/10/18. “Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bar From Japan, Taiwan and the Republic of Turkey: Initiation of Less-Than-FairValue Investigations,” Vol. 81, No. 201, pp. 71697-71701, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2016/Rebar%20from%20Japan,%20Taiwan,%20and%20Turkey/Preliminary/ita_-_rebar_-_initiation_-_ad.pdf>
Federal Register, 2016/11/14. “Certain Carbon and Alloy Steel Cut-to-Length Plate From Taiwan: Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value,” Vol. 81, No. 219, pp. 79420-79423, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2016/Cut-to-Length%20Plate%20from%20Austria,%20Belgium,%20Brazil,%20China,%20France,%20Germany,%20Italy,%20Japan,%20Korea,%20South%20Africa,%20Taiwan,%20and%20Turkey/Preliminary/commerce_preliminary_ad_notices.pdf>
Federal Register, 2017/3/7. “Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bar From Taiwan: Preliminary Affirmative Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value, Postponement of Final Determination, and Extension of Provisional Measures,” Vol. 82, No. 43, pp. 12800-12802, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2016/Rebar%20from%20Japan,%20Taiwan,%20and%20Turkey/Preliminary/rebar_-_det_-_ad-_prelim_-_taiwan.pdf>
Federal Register, 2017/4/4. “Certain Carbon and Alloy Steel Cut-ToLength Plate From Taiwan: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value and Final Negative Determination of Critical Circumstances,” Vol. 85, No. 63, pp. 16372-16375, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2016/Carbon%20and%20Alloy%20Steel%20Cut-to-Length%20Plate%20from%20Austria,%20Belgium,%20Brazil,%20China,%20France,%20Germany,%20Italy,%20Japan,%20Korea,%20South%20Africa,%20Taiwan,%20and%20Turkey/Final/commerce_april_4_-_ad.pdf>
Federal Register, 2017/5/22. “Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bar From the Republic of Turkey: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value,” Vol. 82, No. 97, pp. 23192-23196, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2017/Rebar%20from%20Japan,%20Taiwan,%20and%20Turkey/Final/rebar_-_determination_-_ad_-_final_-_japan.pdf>
Federal Register, 2017/5/22. “Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bar From Japan: Final Affirmative Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value,” Vol. 82, No. 97, pp. 23195-23196, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2017/Rebar%20from%20Japan,%20Taiwan,%20and%20Turkey/Final/rebar_-_determination_-_ad_-_final_-_japan.pdf>
Federal Register, 2017/10/2. “Steel Concrete Reinforcing Bar From Taiwan: Antidumping Duty Order,” Vol. 82, No. 189, pp. 45809-45810, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2017/Rebar%20from%20Japan,%20Taiwan,%20and%20Turkey/Final/2017-20925.pdf>
Federal Register, 2017/10/12. “Forged Steel Fittings from the China, Italy, and Taiwan; Institution of Countervailing Duty and Antidumping Duty Investigations and Scheduling of Preliminary Phase Investigations, Pakistan and Thailand CESTAT Remand Back,” Vol. 82, No. 196, pp. 47578-47579, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2017-10-12/pdf/2017-22039.pdf>
Federal Register, 2017/11/1. “Forged Steel Fittings From the People’s Republic of China, Italy, and Taiwan: Initiation of Less-Than-FairValue Investigations,” Vol. 82, No. 210, pp. 50614-50619, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2017/Forged%20Steel%20Fittings%20from%20China,%20Italy,%20and%20Taiwan/Preliminary/fr-_notice_initiation_-_ad.pdf>
Federal Register, 2017/11/27. “Determinations; Forged Steel Fittings From China, Italy, and Taiwan,” Vol. 82, No. 226, pp. 56049, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2017/Forged%20Steel%20Fittings%20from%20China,%20Italy,%20and%20Taiwan/Preliminary/fr_notice_determination.pdf>
Federal Register, 2018/5/17. “Forged Steel Fittings From Taiwan: Affirmative Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value,” Vol. 83, No. 96, pp. 22957-22959, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2017/Forged%20Steel%20Fittings%20from%20China,%20Italy,%20and%20Taiwan/Preliminary/fr_notice_ita_prelim_determination-taiwan.pdf>
Federal Register, 2018/5/17. “Forged Steel Fittings from Italy: Affirmative Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value,” Vol. 83, No. 96, pp. 22954-22957, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2017/Forged%20Steel%20Fittings%20from%20China,%20Italy,%20and%20Taiwan/Preliminary/fr_notice_ita_prelim_determination-italy.pdf>
Federal Register, 2018/5/17. “Forged Steel Fittings From the People’s Republic of China: Affirmative Preliminary Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value, Postponement of Final Determination and Extension of Provisional Measures,” Vol. 83, No. 96, pp. 22948-22952, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2017/Forged%20Steel%20Fittings%20from%20China,%20Italy,%20and%20Taiwan/Preliminary/fr_notice_ita_prelim_determination-china.pdf>
Federal Register, 2018/6/4. “Forged Steel Fittings From China, Italy, and Taiwan; Scheduling of the Final Phase of Countervailing Duty and AntiDumping Duty Investigations,” Vol. 83, No. 107, pp. 25715-25716, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2018/Forged%20Steel%20Fittings%20from%20China,%20Italy,%20and%20Taiwan/Final/fr-notice-schedule-itc.pdf>
Federal Register, 2018/7/30. “Forged Steel Fittings From Taiwan: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value,” Vol. 83, No. 146, pp. 36519-36520, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2018/Forged%20Steel%20Fittings%20from%20China,%20Italy,%20and%20Taiwan/Final/fr_notice_ita_final-determination-taiwan.pdf>
Federal Register, 2018/11/26. “Forged Steel Fittings from China and Italy,” Vol. 83, No. 227, pp. 60445-60446, U.S. Government Publishing Office, <https://www.usitc.gov/trade_remedy/731_ad_701_cvd/investigations/2018/Forged%20Steel%20Fittings%20from%20China,%20Italy,%20and%20Taiwan/Final/fr_notice_itc_final-determination.pdf>
Government of India Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers Department of Chemicals & Petro-Chemicals, 2019/6/19. “Chemical and Petrochemical Statistics at a Glance – 2018,” Department of Chemicals & Petro-Chemicals, <https://chemicals.nic.in/document-report/reports>
Government of India Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers Department of Chemicals & Petro-Chemicals, 2019/8/7. “Annual Report 2017-18,” Department of Chemicals & Petro-Chemicals, <https://chemicals.nic.in/document-report/reports>
John Benny, 2018/10/15. “Credit Suisse downgrades U.S. steel sector citing oversupply,” REUTERS, <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-credit-suisse-steel/credit-suisse-downgrades-u-s-steel-sector-citing-oversupply-idUSKCN1MP1NX l>
McKinsey Insights, 2020/2/28. “India’s chemical industry: Unleashing the next wave of growth,” McKinsey & Company, <https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/chemicals/our-insights/indias-chemical-industry-unleashing-the-next-wave-of-growth>
OXFORD ECONOMICS, 2019/3. “The Global Chemical Industry: Catalyzing Growth and Addressing Our World`s Sustainability Challenges,” Oxford Economics, <https://www.oxfordeconomics.com/recent-releases/the-global-chemical-industry-catalyzing-growth-and-addressing-our-world-sustainability-challenges>
Pregledni rad, 2016/3/5. “The United States (U.S.) Steel import crisis and the global production overcapacity till 2016,” Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 538-540, Metalurgija, <https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=226441>
S&P Global Platts, 2020/4/20. “Crude Oil Marketwire,” Platts Market Data – Oil, <https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/products-services/oil/market-data-oil>
U.S. Customs and Border Protection, 2019/5/19. “Section 232 Tariffs on Aluminum and Steel,” Official website of the Department of Homeland Security, <https://www.cbp.gov/trade/programs-administration/entry-summary/232-tariffs-aluminum-and-steel>
United States International Trade Commission, 2017/11/30. “Forged Steel Fittings from China, Italy, and Taiwan Investigation Nos. 701-TA-589 and 731-TA-1394-1396 (Preliminary),” Publication 4743, U.S. International Trade Commission, <https://www.usitc.gov/publications/701_731/pub4743.pdf>
United States International Trade Commission, 2018/9/20. “Forged Steel Fittings from Taiwan: Investigation No.731-TA-1396(Final),” Publication 4823, U.S. International Trade Commission, <https://www.usitc.gov/publications/701_731/pub4823.pdf>
United States International Trade Commission, 2018/8/31. “Forged Steel Fittings from Taiwan Injure U.S. Industry, Says USITC,” U.S. International Trade Commission, <https://www.usitc.gov/press_room/news_release/2018/er0831ll1000.htm>
World Steel Association, 2019/12. “STEEL STATISTICAL YEARBOOK 2019,” World Steel Association, <https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:7aa2a95d-448d-4c56-b62b-b2457f067cd9/SSY19%2520concise%2520version.pdf>
World Steel Association, 2019/6/3. “WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2019,” World Steel Association, <https://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:96d7a585-e6b2-4d63-b943-4cd9ab621a91/World%2520Steel%2520in%2520Figures%25202019.pdf>
World Trade Organization, 1994/4/15. “Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization,” World Trade Organization, <https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/04-wto_e.htm>
World Trade Organization, 1947/10/30. “The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,” World Trade Organization, <https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/gatt47_01_e.htm>
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三、中英文官方資料庫部分
India Brand Equity Foundation: Chemicals Industry and Exports: https://www.ibef.org/exports/chemical-industry-india.aspx
Market Insider: Iron Ore in USD – historical Prices: https://markets.businessinsider.com/commodities/historical-prices/iron-ore-price/usd/7.4.2016_7.5.2020
National Investment Promotion and Facilitation Agency: Invest India Chemicals Sector: https://www.investindia.gov.in/sector/chemicals
Trading Economics: United States Steel Production: https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/steel-production
United States Census Bureau: Top Trading Partners: https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/highlights/top/top1812yr.html
WTO Anti-dumping Sectoral: Distribution of Initiations: by Reporting Member:
https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/adp_e/adp_e.htm
WTO Anti-dumping Sectoral: Distribution of Measures by Exporter: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/adp_e/adp_e.htm
WTO Countervailing Measures: by Sector: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/scm_e/CV_MeasuresBySector.pdf
WTO DATA: https://timeseries.wto.org/
法源法律網，辦理推廣貿易業務補助辦法：https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=J0090027
財政部進出口統計：http://web02.mof.gov.tw/njswww/WebMain.aspx?sys=100&funid=defjsptgl
財政部關務署基隆關關務辭彙：https://keelung.customs.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=58BD38F4400A7167&sms=F6A174A7F58D9580&s=FF6CE97C8B222840
經濟部國際貿易局中華民國進出口統計：
https://cus93.trade.gov.tw/
經濟部貿易調查委員會反傾銷稅及平衡稅相關法規：https://www.moeaitc.gov.tw/ITC/main/content/wfrmContentMenu.aspx?menu_id=266
關港貿單一窗口：稅則稅率綜合查詢作業：https://portal.sw.nat.gov.tw/APGQO/GC411 |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班
106922022 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106922022 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU202001158 |
| Appears in Collections: | [戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班] 學位論文
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