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| Title: | 年輪變動比與小區域人口推估
A Study of Cohort Change Ratio and Small Area Population Projection |
| Authors: | 陳譽騰
Chen, Yu-Teng |
| Contributors: | 洪英超
余清祥
Hung, Ying-Chao
Yue, Ching-Syang
陳譽騰
Chen, Yu-Teng |
| Keywords: | 小區域人口推估
年輪變動比
區塊拔靴法
遷移
回測法
Sub-national Population Projection
Cohort Change Ratio
Block Bootstrap
Migration
Backcast |
| Date: | 2020 |
| Issue Date: | 2020-08-03 17:32:45 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 人是國家組成的最重要元素，其數量及素質是國家競爭力的關鍵，提升人口數量及人力素質更是國家發展的核心議題。人口推估常用於制訂國家發展方針的依據，根據歷史數據及政策方向等假設，預測全國各地的人口總數及年齡結構，政府可根據推估結果制訂政策及分配資源。人口老化是臺灣在21世紀必須面對的挑戰，除了我國老化速度高於西方各國，各縣市的需求和問題也非常不同，若能瞭解各地未來的人口及結構，便能制定合乎地方特色的發展方針，減輕人口轉型帶來的衝擊。
年輪組成法為我國官方目前用於全國人口的推估方法，但使用時對於生育、死亡、遷移等人口資料有較高要求，很難直接套用至縣市層級及以下之人口推估，近年學者建議小區域推估採用Hamilton and Perry（簡稱HP法）的年輪變動比（Cohort Change Ratio；簡稱CCR）。本文評估HP法用於小區域人口推估的可行性，以臺灣的各級行政區域為研究目標，驗證HP法是否能用於推估臺灣縣市、鄉鎮市區層級的人口及結構。本研究使用1975～2019年臺灣全國、縣市、鄉鎮市區層級的人口紀錄，透過區塊拔靴法與歷年平均法各兩種加權方式估計CCR，並運用回測法評估四種方法的MAPE誤差。研究發現HP法可用於小區域人口，15年之內短期推估與年齡組成法相當，但推估誤差未必隨著人口數減少而增加。另外，推估時建議採用單齡推估（五齡組誤差較大），區塊拔靴法及加權平均的效果接近，基底年數與地區特性有關，推估年數建議不超過15年。
People are the most important element of a country. Population policy is essential to national development and population projection is often used to provide insightful suggestions for planning government policies and allocating public resources. Ageing and migration are expected to the most significant factors in influencing the population size and age structure in the 21st century. However, the pace of population ageing in Taiwan is much faster than in developed countries and the migration pattern is very different in Asia as well. Since the demographic transition of countries varies a lot, the population projection method and assumption usually depend on each country’s population characteristics.
The cohort component method is currently used in projecting the national level population in Taiwan, but this method requires detailed population data, such as the records of births, deaths, and migration. It is difficult to acquire these data in county and township level and we need to seek an alternative method for the sub-national population projection. In this study, we evaluate whether the Cohort Change Ratio (CCR), proposed by Hamilton and Perry, is suitable for the sub-national population projection via backcasting the historical data in Taiwan (1975-2019). In specific, we are interested in compare the projecting accuracy of CCR and cohort component methods, and we found that the CCR method can be used for short-term projection (e.g., 15 years or less) for county and township levels. Also, we projection errors are smaller using the single-age data, and there are little differences in using block bootstrap or weighted average to predict the future CCR. |
| Reference: | 中文部分
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8. 陳政勳與余清祥（2010），「小區域人口推估研究：臺北市、雲嘉兩縣、澎湖縣的實證分析」，《人口學刊》， 41，153-183.。
9. 曹郁欣（2013），「小區域生育率與人口推計研究」，國立政治大學統計學系碩士論文。
二、英文部分
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
統計學系
107354028 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107354028 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU202001106 |
| Appears in Collections: | [統計學系] 學位論文
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