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| Title: | 美國小布希政府對阿拉伯地區的公眾外交與阿拉伯國家新媒體的運用
Public Diplomacy of the U.S. Bush Administration towards the Arab Area and the Employment of New Media in Arab States |
| Authors: | 濮辰檸
Pu, Chen-Ning |
| Contributors: | 黃奎博
Hunag, Kwei-Bo
濮辰檸
Pu, Chen-Ning |
| Keywords: | 軟實力
單邊主義
樂隊花車效應
公眾外交
新保守主義
Soft Power
Unilateralism
Bandwagon
Public Diplomacy
Neo-Conservatism |
| Date: | 2020 |
| Issue Date: | 2020-07-01 14:00:41 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本篇論文旨在研究 George W. Bush 時期針對阿拉伯地區的公眾外交，並提 出是否有任何值得改進與檢討之處，同時也論及，在波斯灣戰爭之後，阿拉伯地 區在面對如洪水猛獸的美國霸權論述，如何在中東地區建立起區域媒體，如半島 電視台與之抗衡的景況。
因此本篇論文將從數層面分析，第二章將會自公眾外交的理論與國際傳播、 軟實力等相關詞彙出發，討論公眾外交的發展情形，同時分析公眾外交的歷史脈 絡與在各國實踐的景況。本篇論文順應新媒體時代的來臨，筆者探討公眾外交不 斷推陳出新的情形，繼而在公眾外交的三大層面:獨白、對話與協作的機制下進 一步的為個別國家創造於己有利的國際環境，遂行裨益於其國家利益的外交政策。
第三章開始，筆者回溯 Bush 時期針對阿拉伯地區的外交政策主軸，也就是 布希主義與新保守主義。國際關係大師米爾斯海默提出了新保守主義與現實主義 的爭辯，針對布希主義的單邊主義與先制攻擊等政策思維，兩者各有不同的省思 與論述。換言之，新保守主義以為面對 Bush 定義的邪惡軸心國家，若行以棍棒 外交，此舉將會為美國帶來樂隊花車效應的正面效果，但現實主義認為，使用棍 棒外交將會引起對手國聯盟以抗衡的反效果。再者，Bush 在其任內針對阿拉伯地區軍費與公眾外交的預算支出的大幅差異，便能導出一個結論，即 Bush 對中 東的公眾外交著力不深，導致最終成效不彰，讓中東地區的反美主義更形熾烈。
第四章開始，筆者開始換一個角度思考，也就是自中東的觀點衡諸一切，一 方面，中東的區域媒體發展的較晚，但對於西方而言，也是來勢洶洶。比較中東 各媒體，如半島電視台與阿布達比電視台針對 Bush 與美國的言論與立場所進行 的詮釋與論述，似乎看出了在爭奪話語權的努力，已然有了一番成績，而在極端 保守的阿拉伯國家如沙烏地阿拉伯與最自由的國度，如黎巴嫩，儘管兩國針對新 媒體的態度與反應大相徑庭，但新媒體對該社會情勢的衝擊自不在話下。
由以上論述可知，西方世界與阿拉伯地區的話語權爭奪方興未艾，過往學者 多重視傳統高階政治，輕視公眾外交，但在新科技勃興的現代，國家之間，礙於 支出與國家互賴的關係，相對較不可能兵戎相見，但在詮釋國際事件與表現國家 品牌的競爭上，只會更形激烈。
The main goal of my thesis is to study the George W. Bush administration`s public diplomacy toward the Arab area and discuss whether it needed improvements.
Thus, this thesis will begin its analysis on the basis of several dimensions. Chapter Two will unfold from the theories of public diplomacy, international communication and soft power, and at the same time talk about the development of public diplomacy and analyze its history and its practice. Along with the advent of new media, I want to discuss the renewing of public diplomacy and later to create an international environment which is beneficial to itself, and create the diplomatic strategy beneficial to the so-called national interests.
In the Chapter Three, I want to date back the main gist of Arabia diplomatic strategy- the Bush doctrine and Neo- Conservativism. John Mearsheimer uphold the debate of Neo-conservativism and Realism and two of them have different inspirations towards the Bush doctrine. In other words, Neo-Conservativism thinks that if the nation use weapons and military tools upon the evil axis will bring the positive effect for U.S., but the realism thinks using military works will have the backlash. Last but not least, the stark difference between Arabic military budget and the public diplomacy budget will get a conclusion- Bush didn’t put much focus upon the Middle East public diplomacy and make the anti-Americanism much wilder.
In the Chapter four, I present another angle – how did the Middle East perceive all this. On the one hand, the development of the Middle East media is much later, but on the other hand, it also appears ferocious to the West. But if one compares the interpretations and the standings of all the different middle East media, we also can find it already has good performance. For example, in the much freer country as well as the much conservative country like Saudi Arab as well we Lebanon, the impact of the new media can be seen.
All the discussions indicate that the competition of the ideas between the West and the Arab is still ongoing. In the past, scholars stressed high politics and played down the importance of public diplomacy. Nowadays, it is more difficult for countries to wage war against other countries, and the competition over nation branding and the way to interpret international events will be much fiercer. |
| Reference: | 中文部分
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二、學位論文
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二、英文期刊
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“https://www.uscpublicdiplomacy.org/sites/uscpublicdiplomacy.org/files/legacy/publi cations/perspectives/CPDPerspectivesPDand%20MediaandMiddle%20East%20- %20Linked.pdf” }. Retrieval Date:2020/5/3. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系
105253021 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105253021 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU202000457 |
| Appears in Collections: | [外交學系] 學位論文
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