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    题名: 網路地緣政治下美國國家安全之實踐
    The practice of U.S. National Security under cyber geo-politics
    作者: 黃翊豪
    Huang, Yi-Hao
    贡献者: 黃奎博
    Huang,Kwei-Bo
    黃翊豪
    Huang,Yi-Hao
    关键词: 國家安全
    美國
    網路地緣政治
    關鍵資訊基礎設施
    United States
    National security
    Cyber geopolitics
    Critical information infrastructure
    日期: 2020
    上传时间: 2020-03-02 11:31:53 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 網路時代的進步對於現在國家影響深遠，網路成為了國家對內安全與對外外交的一種手段，如何取得網路使用權並確保穩定地使用是現代國家所要思考的議題。然而網路是一個複雜的複合體，組成成分包括實體的基礎設施、虛擬的網路協定與網路內容，且這些組成成分具有上與下的層級結構；虛擬的數位編碼所構成的世界最終都依附在有形的關鍵資訊基礎設施上，而這些基礎設施存在於我們肉眼所見的世界某處，從深海海床的海底電纜、陸地上的資料中心、太空中心到外太空的衛星。網路世界的資訊在這些設施中傳遞、最後再到終端的使用者裝置上。網路的虛擬世界深深影響著現實的世界，而虛擬世界的根基卻又存在於現實世界中，因此這些虛擬世界的根本便存在著地緣政治的思考。
    確保關鍵基礎設施有助於網路強國美國從根本鞏固國家安全，美國在重要的關鍵資訊基礎設施如海底電纜、資料中心、太空中心在建構上仍存在地緣政治的思考，與潛在對手在海底電纜保持間接連結避免直接連結、資料中心多集中在美國以利資料蒐集及太空中心在地緣上遠離威脅並掌握核心的升空技術以確保美國在人造衛星的技術領先。
    The Internet has far-reaching effected on the states. The Internet has become a means of national internal security and foreign diplomacy.It’s important for modern nations that how to obtain the power of using the Internet and ensuring its stable use. However, the Internet is a complex complex, and its components include physical infrastructure, virtual network protocols and network content, and these components have a hierarchical structure above and below; the world made up of virtual digital coding is ultimately Attached to tangible key information infrastructure that exists somewhere in the world as we see it, from submarine cables on the deep ocean floor, data centers on land, space centers to satellites in outer space. Information from the online world is passed through these facilities and finally to end-user devices. The virtual world of the Internet deeply affects the real world, but the foundation of the virtual world exists in the real world, so there is geopolitical thinking at the root of these virtual worlds.
    Ensuring critical infrastructure helps the Internet powerhouse the United States to fundamentally consolidate national security. The United States still has geopolitical reflections on the construction of important critical information infrastructures such as submarine cables, data centers, and space centers. Maintain indirect links to avoid direct links, data centers are mostly concentrated in the United States to facilitate data collection, and the space center is geographically away from threats and masters core lift-off technologies to ensure that the United States leads the technology of artificial satellites.
    參考文獻: 壹、中文部分
    一、官方文獻
    國家實驗研究院，「〈福爾摩沙衛星七號發射升空〉」，2019年。
    二、專書
    Babbie,Earl著，李美華譯，《社會科學研究方法(上)》(台北：時英出版社，1999)。
    Barry Buzan and Lene Hansen著，余瀟楓譯，《國際安全研究的演化》(杭州：浙江大學出版社，2011）。
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    朱浤源，《撰寫博碩士論文實戰手冊》(台北：正中書局，2000)。
    張中勇，《情報與國家安全之研究》(台北：三鋒出版社，1993)。
    葉至誠、葉立誠，《研究方法與論文寫作》(台北：商鼎文化出版社，2001)。
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    翁明賢，《全球化時代的國家安全》(新北市新店區：創世文化事業出版社，2003)。
    三、期刊
    樊國楨、韓宜蓁，〈美國關鍵基礎設施防護法案與資訊安全管理技術控制標準化〉，《國防雜誌》，第30卷第4期 (2015)，頁97-122。
    李安曜、嚴奇峰，〈國家安全與個人隱私-數位時代的政府監控爭議〉，《中原企管評論》，第14卷第2期 (2015)，頁1-18。
    李國榮，〈美軍強化關島基地對我國之影響〉，《國防雜誌》，第21卷第2期，(2006)，頁42-51。
    劉振榮，〈人造衛星的發展與展望〉，《科技博物》，第3卷第2期 (1999)，頁83-88。
    劉聰德，〈人造衛星所帶動的國家政策〉，《科技發展政策報導》，(2007)，頁80-84。
    劉燕青，〈網路空間的控制邏輯〉，《資訊社會研究》，第5期 (2003)，頁283-303。
    劉志雲、劉盛，〈基於國家安全的互聯網全球治理〉，《廈門大學學報(哲學社會科學版)》，第2期 (2016)，頁11-20。
    梁德昭、朱志平、林凱薰，〈國家主權延伸至網路空間之討論〉，《前瞻科技與管理》，第2卷第2期 (2012)，頁1-14。
    陳彥升，〈台灣火箭與太空的故事〉，《新世紀智庫論壇》，第80期 (2017)，頁49-54。
    孫中偉、賀軍亮、田建文，〈網絡空間的空間歸屬及其物質性構建的地理認知〉，《世界地理研究》，第2期 (2016)，頁148-57。
    尤正才，〈我國現行法規中之『國家安全』概念分析〉，《國家發展研究》，第9卷第2期 (2010)，頁27-80。
    汪毓瑋，〈架構2018國家安全防恐防護網〉，《法務部調查局清流雙月刊1月號》，(2018)，頁3-25。
    四、網路資源
    「Spacex發衛星提供覆蓋全球wifi 馬斯克擔心被中國擊落」，BBC中文網，2018年2月26日，https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-43201428。
    國際中心／綜合報導，「美國稜鏡計畫監控網路臉書、Google皆入榜」，ETTODAY新聞雲，2013年6月11日，https://www.ettoday.net/news/20130611/220926.htm。
    傅旋，「美國攻打伊拉克的合法性在聯合國體制中探討」，2018年9月30日，http://www.csil.org.tw/csil2011/student/Student200302.pdf。
    簡恒宇，「《境外勢力干預選舉經典案例》美國國會報告：俄羅斯『社群網戰』全方位助選川普、Instagram成最主要工具」，風傳媒，2018年12月18日，https://www.storm.mg/category/k23385。
    中國新聞組，世界日報，「美國圍堵華為海底電纜成新戰場環時引述專家：典型做賊心虛」，聯合新聞網，2019年3月14日，https://udn.com/news/story/6811/3696697。
    陳文生，「全球網路分裂的隱憂與資料在地化政策」，NII產業發展協進會，2017年9月8日，https://www.nii.org.tw/events/ncc/download/VincentChen.pdf。
    陳文生，「資料在地化政策與個人資料保護議題」，NII產業發展協進會，2016年9月12日，https://www.nii.org.tw/Recents/Detail/74。
    陳曉莉，「伊朗核電廠受到stuxnet蠕蟲感染」，iThome，2018年12月14日，https://www.ithome.com.tw/node/63565。
    楊日興，「華為擬智利建海底電纜連結亞洲」，中時電子報，2019年8月29日，https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20190829001602-260410?chdtv。
    吳世忠，「網絡時代地緣政治的新特征」，2017年12月1日，http://theory.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2014/0722/c386965-25315258.html。
    林妍溱，「星國史上最大網路攻擊懷疑是政府駭客發動的APT攻擊」，iThome，2018年8月7日，https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/125026 。



    貳、西文部分
    一、官方文獻
    “Critical Infrastructure Sectors,” Department of Homeland Security,December 1,2018, https://www.dhs.gov/cisa/critical-infrastructure-sectors.
    “Communications Sector-Specific Plan an Annex to the Nipp 2013,” Department of Homeland Security,2015, file:///C:/Users/LoTim/Downloads/796518.pdf.
    “Defending America’s Cyberspace,” Washington,DC: The White House, November,2013,https://www.jstor.org/stable/42896475?seq=1.
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    “National Security Strategy of the United States of America,” The White House,December 18,2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf.
    “National Space Policy of the United States of America,” The White House,Janurary 28,2010, https://www.space.commerce.gov/policy/national-space-policy/.
    “Presidential Decision Directive 63,” The White House,December 13,2018, https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/pdd/pdd-63.htm.
    “Presidential Policy Directive -- Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience,” The White House, February 12,2013, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/02/12/presidential-policy-directive-critical-infrastructure-security-and-resil.
    “U.S. Trade in Goods by Selected Countries and Areas,” United States Census Bureau, 2018, https://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/Press-Release/current_press_release/index.html.
    “What is Cybersecurity?,” Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency(CISA),November 14,2019, https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/tips/ST04-001.
    二、專書
    Baudry, Ken, Data Center Handbook(New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2015).
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    Giulio, Douhet, The Command of the Air(Alabama: University of Alabama Press, 2009).
    Graham, Stephen and Simon, Marvin,Telecommunications and the City(New York: Routledge, 2004).
    Howard, Rheingold,The Virtual Community: Surfing the Internet(London: Minerva, 1994).
    Larkin, Dan, The Information Revolution and National Security(PA: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College 2000).
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    Javier, Lopez, Setola ,Roberto, Stephen D. Wolthusen, and SpringerLink (Online service),Critical Infrastructure Protection Information Infrastructure Models, Analysis, and Defense(Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012).
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    四、網路資源
    Arthur, Charles, “Undersea Internet Cables Off Egypt Disrupted as Navy Arrests Three,” The Guardian, March 28, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/mar/28/egypt-undersea-cable-arrests.
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    Chesaux, Julien, “Why You Should Care About Cyber Geopolitics,” ModernCISO,April 16,2019, https://modernciso.com/2019/04/16/why-you-should-care-about-cyber-geopolitics/.
    “Critical Infrastructure - Submarine Telecommunications Cables,” International Cable Protection Committee, June,2017,https://www.iscpc.org/publications/.
    “Cyberattack on a German Steel-Mill,” Sentryo,May 31,2016,https://www.sentryo.net/cyberattack-on-a-german-steel-mill/.
    “Cybersecurity & Geopolitics,” Oxford Analytica Daily Brief,March 26,2018, http://www.oxan.com/media/2150/oxford-analytica-cybersecurity-and-geopolitics.pdf.
    “Data Center Map,” Data Center Map, https://www.datacentermap.com/datacenters.html.
    “Globe Launches Sea-Us Submarine Cable for Enhanced Internet Connectivity,” Business Mirror,August 12,2017, https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1005947.
    Graf, Marlon, Jakub P. Hlavka, and Bonnie L. Triezenberg, “Strong Winds Ahead for Cloud Computing: Can Data Localization Threaten Future Growth?,” The RAND Blog: RAND CORPORATION,April 29,2016, https://www.rand.org/blog/2016/04/strong-winds-ahead-for-cloud-computing-can-data-localization.html.
    Harding, Brian, “China’s Digital Silk Road and Southeast Asia,” Center for Strategic and International Studies,February 15,2019, https://www.csis.org/analysis/chinas-digital-silk-road-and-southeast-asia .
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    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班
    106922020
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106922020
    数据类型: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202000205
    显示于类别:[戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班] 學位論文

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