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    题名: 中小企業母公司對海外子公司管理制度之研究-以工業連接器產品業者為例
    How SMEs Manage Foreign Subsidiaries-The Case of an Industrial Connector Company
    作者: 陳男銘
    Chen, Nan-Min
    贡献者: 于卓民
    Yu, Chwo-Ming J.
    陳男銘
    Chen, Nan-Min
    关键词: 子公司控管
    Subsidiary
    Management
    Control
    日期: 2020
    上传时间: 2020-03-02 11:07:13 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 在過去二、三十年中，台灣的產業不斷地轉型，許多的台灣企業紛紛進入中國市場或是將生產基地轉移到中國地區，嘗試跨國經營；同時間許多歐、美、日的企業也於同時期，紛紛在中國各地成立子公司，並不斷的加碼中國市場，因而許多台灣中小企業在中國這個共同市場中，不斷的與來自各國的跨國企業或競爭或合作，因而有了更進一步對跨國經營更貼近的觀察與學習。
    許多台灣中小企業在穩定地獲利與發展下，近年來開始思考如何走出台灣與中國這個大舒適圈，開始發展成為多國企業並運用企業自身的有限資源，在不同語系的地區與國家，一個接一個的設立業務據點與分公司，試圖在全球化的國際市場中，對客戶做更在地、更有效率的即時服務。
    本研究以工業連接器產品業者為研究對象，探討母公司控管子公司的作法。
    研究發現「子公司任務」、「子公司所處階段」與「母公司資源」為影響母公司設定及調整控管作法的三個主要因素。
    三個因素中，以子公司主要任務為控管方式的重要設定依據，管控做法以確保達成任務所需來優先設定，以確保整體的集團策略執行。子公司所處階段為第二項因素，反映出子公司所具備的能力下所對應的控管做法，大致隨著子公司越來越穩定成熟，母公司的管控方式越來越全面，由於集團的獲利主要來自於成熟子公司的正常營運，把管控力度加大才能確保集團獲利。第三項因素為母公司資源，中小企業在母公司資源有限的情況下，重要資源只能放在如基礎管理系統建置、製造核心能力提升等重點，才能確保資源投放效益的最大化。
    本研究亦發現管理資訊軟體系統的建置可以強化母公司對子公司的管理制度，並有助於解決在非華文區進行母公司的企業文化輸入，以及對組織極簡的海外分公司或業務銷售辦公室，做跨時差、跨語言且即時的支援與控制等。
    In the past two to three decades, Taiwan’s industries have been undergoing continuous transformation. Many Taiwanese companies have entered the Chinese market or shifted their production locations to China in order to attempt to become multinational operations. During the same period of time many European, American, and Japanese companies have also set up subsidiaries in China, and continuously invest in the market. As a result, many Taiwanese SMEs are able to observe and learn to compete or cooperate with multinational companies in China.
    With steady profits and development in recent years, many Taiwanese SMEs have begun to step out comfort zones from Taiwan and China and started international operations. They have set up business bases and branches one after another to serve customers in foreign markets.
    The study is based on businesses of industrial connectors and examines the management of subsidiaries from the perspective of the headquarters. This study finds that "subsidiary’s mission", "status of the subsidiary" and "headquarter resources" are the three major factors influencing the management of foreign subsidiaries.
    Among the three factors, the first factor is the major tasks of the subsidiary which affect the strategic decision making of the headquarter. The second factor is the status of the subsidiary, which reflects the management capabilities of the subsidiary. Generally speaking, with the growing and maturing of a subsidiary the management by the headquarters become comprehensive. The profits for the headquarters are mainly resulted in matured operations from subsidiaries. The profit that headquarters need to be assured and that is why a strong management is necessary. The third factor is the resources of the headquarters. With limited resources, SMEs can only invest the important resources to establish basic managing systems and to maximize the efficiency of resource committed.
    Furthermore, this study finds that IT system are useful to increase the effectiveness of managing subsidiaries and help resolving the language differences between the headquarters add subsidiaries. The same concept also applies to overseas branches or businesses with limited capabilities for in-time support and overcoming jet lags and language differences.
    參考文獻: 一、中文文獻：
    于卓民(2014)，國際企業環境與管理 (第四版)，台北市：華泰文化事業公司。
    于卓民、巫立宇、王俊如(2013)，國際行銷學(第四版)，台北市：智勝文化。
    方至民(2019)，國際企業應用導向(第四版)，新北市：前程文化事業股份有限公司。
    何秀青(2003)，「多國企業子公司在特定地主巿場多角化的優勢」，中華管理評論，第6卷，第3期，頁134-152。
    李宛蓉 譯(1990)，無國界管理：全球化競爭下的新管理處方，台北市：遠流出版公司。
    李誠 編(2016)，人力資源管理的12堂課 (第四版)，台北市：遠見天下文化。
    佛里曼(Thomas Friedman)(2015)，世界是平的-把握這個趨勢，在 21世紀才有競爭力，台北市：雅言文化。
    余明助(2000)，「多國籍企業組織、策略與控制關係之研究-以台商海外子公司為例」，國立成功大學企業管理研究所博士論文。
    吳思華(2000)，策略九說：策略思考的本質，台北市：臉譜出版社。
    張元杰，李亭林，簡文強，秦子閔(2013)，「區位優勢、吸收能耐與創新績效：研發子公司之觀點」，臺大管理論叢，第23 卷，第2 期，頁199-232。
    曾紀幸，司徒達賢，于卓民(1998)，「多國籍企業網路組織類型與管理機制選擇之關係¬- 在台外商公司之產品交易實證研究」，管理學報，第15卷，第1期，頁1-26。
    鄒筱涵，于卓民，司徒達賢(2007)，「職位特質與任用需求對多國企業子公司高階主管任用決策之影響—以臺商投資中國大陸為例」，中山管理評論，第15卷，第1期，頁143-173。
    趙必孝(2000)，國際化管理- 人力資源觀點，台北市：華泰文化事業公司。

    二、英文文獻：
    Agarwal, Sanjeev & Ramaswami, Sridhar N. (1992), “Choice of foreign market entry mode: Impact of ownership, location and internalization factors”, Journal of International Business Studies, 23(1), 1-27.
    Anderson, S. (2002), “Suppliers’ international strategies”, European Journal of Marketing, 36(1/2), 86-110.
    Bartlett, C. A. & Ghoshal, S. (1989), Managing across boarders, Cambridge: HBS Press, M. A.
    Birkinshaw, Julian, Hood, Neil, & Jonsson, Stefan (1998), “Building firm-specific advantages in multinational corporations: The role of subsidiary initiative”, Strategic Management Journal, 19(3), 221-241.
    Bjorkman, Ingmar, Barner-Rasmussen, Wilhelm & Li, Li (2004), “Managing knowledge transfer in MNC: the impact of headquarters control mechanisms”, Journal of International Business Studies, 35, 443-455.
    Black, J. Stewart, Mendenhall, Mark & Oddou, Gary (1991), “Toward a Comprehensive Model of International Adjustment: An Integration of Multiple Theoretical Perspectives”, Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review, 16(2), 291-315.
    Boeh, Kevin K. & Beamish, Paul W. (2015), “The cost of distance on subsidiary performance”, Asian Business & Management, 14(3), 171-193.
    Burgelman, Robert A. (1983), “A Process Model of Internal Corporate Venturing in the Diversified Major Firm”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 28(2), 223-214.
    Chen, Homin, Hsu, Chia-Wen & Caskey, D’Arcy (2013), “Internationalization of Taiwanese manufacturing firms: The evolution of subsidiary mandates and capabilities”, Asian Business & Management, 12(1), 37–60.
    Geringer, J. M. & Hebert, L. (1989), “Control and performance of international joint venture”, Journal of International Business Studies, 20, 235-254.
    Ghoshal, S. (1986), The innovative multinational: A differentiated network of organizational roles and management processes, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard Business School, Boston, MA.
    Hamilton, Robert D., III & Kashlak, Roger J. (1999), “National Influences on Multinational Corporation Control System Selection”, Management International Review, 39(2), 167-189.
    Hedlund, Gunnar (1994), “A model of knowledge management and the N-form corporation”, Strategic Management Journal, 15, 73-90.
    Hoffman, Richard C. (1994), “Generic strategies for subsidiaries of multinational corporations”, Journal of Managerial Issues, 6(1), 69-87.
    Johanson, Jan & Vahlne, Jan-Erik (1990), “The Mechanism of Internationalization”, International Marketing Review, 7(4), 11-24.
    Martinez, Jon I. & Jarillo, J. Carlos (1989), “The evolution of research on coordination mechanisms in multinational corporations”, Journal of International Business Studies, 20(3), 489-514.
    Morgan, P. V. (1986), “International Human Resource Management: Fact or Fiction”, Personnel Administration, 36, 43-47.
    Pan, Yigang & Tse, David K. (2000), “The hierarchical model of market entry modes”, Journal of International Business Studies, 31(4), 535-554.
    Perlmutter, H. V. (1969), “The Tortuous Evolution of the Multinational Corporation”, Columbia Journal of World Business, 4(1), 9-18.
    Root, Franklin R. (1987), Entry strategies for international markets, Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books.
    Sharma, Varinder M. & Erramilli, M. Krishna (2004), “Resource-Based Explanation of Entry Mode Choice”, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 12(1), 1-18.
    Yip, George S., Johansson, Johny K. & Roos, Johan (1997), “Effects of Nationality on Global Strategy”, Management International Review, 37(4), 365-385.

    三、網頁資料：
    台灣經濟部2017年對海外投資事業營運狀況調查：(2017/12)，https://www.moeaic.gov.tw/download-file.jsp;jsessionid=7ACA2D7E824BFCC9C8387AC8BDA08C7F?id=%2FDZkqk%2FhAZo%3D
    行政院重要政策：新南向政策推動計畫(2016/9/26)，https://www.ey.gov.tw/Page/5A8A0CB5B41DA11E/86f143fa-8441-4914-8349-c474afe0d44e
    經濟部投資審議委員會：統計指標簡易查詢(2019/11/29)，https://dmz26.moea.gov.tw/GMWeb/common/CommonQuery.aspx
    經濟部國際貿易局經貿資訊網：加徵關稅清單(2019/10/14)，https://www.trade.gov.tw/Pages/List.aspx?nodeID=4005
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)
    106932404
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106932404
    数据类型: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202000182
    显示于类别:[經營管理碩士學程EMBA] 學位論文

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