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    政大典藏 > College of Law > Department of Law > Theses >  Item 140.119/128612


    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/128612


    Title: 自動駕駛車之風險與保險需求－以責任歸屬為中心
    Risks Associated with Autonomous Vehicles and its Insurance: An Accountability Issue.
    Authors: 鍾采玲
    Chung, Tsai-Ling
    Contributors: 張冠群
    鍾采玲
    Chung, Tsai-Ling
    Keywords: 自動駕駛車
    無人車
    保險
    責任歸屬
    產品責任
    Autonomous Vehicle
    Self-driving Car
    Driverless Car
    Insurance
    Accountability
    Products Liability
    Date: 2020
    Issue Date: 2020-02-05 18:00:17 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 根據統計，傳統汽車駕駛員因人為疏失所帶來之交通事故可說是非常多，像是酒駕、疲勞駕駛等，隨著自動駕駛車輛之興起，其不僅可大幅減少人為錯誤所帶來之事故，更可讓原本無法使用汽車之族群像是視障、聽障等殘疾人士可透過自動駕駛車輛增加其機動性等優勢。然而，自動駕駛車輛之興起亦帶來諸多新興風險，像是系統錯誤所帶來之人身安全問題、駭客入侵系統之網路安全問題等，進而導致相關保險需求之出現。
    而本文主要探討上述風險之出現所需之保險需求，且聚焦於傳統汽車之保險包含強制汽車責任保險、任意汽車責任保險、車體損失保險以及因應自動駕駛車輛事故可能有極大討論度之產品責任保險。除此之外，由於自動駕駛車輛有別於一般傳統車輛，主要控制車輛之主體可能為車輛系統本身而非人類駕駛員，因此，在保險公司之賠償與責任歸屬及其後續求償之方面，可能不再只是車輛駕駛員或其保險公司之責任，而轉為汽車製造商之責任，故在責任歸屬之認定上以及保險制度之選擇即為本文探討重點。
    結論與建議上，本文主要以保護事故受害人利益之觀點為相關建議，包含修正我國民法動力汽車駕駛員侵權責任條文、解釋與修正我國強制汽車責任保險法、提出產品責任險之相關建議，以衡平事故受害人、保險人以及駕駛員之利益，並兼顧自動駕駛車輛之技術創新。
    According to statistics, causes of car accidents in the scenario where human drivers are behind the wheel are mostly due to human errors, reasons ranging from drunk driving to fatigue driving or more inevitable human mistakes. With the rising of autonomous vehicles, accidents due to human errors can be greatly reduced, at the same time, benefit the physically challenged, such as the blind and the deaf, increasing their mobility in transporting. However, many risks also arise with the use of autonomous vehicles. For instance, personal safety problems occur from system mistakes or network security problems emerge from being hacked. Those problems lead to the result of the rising in relevant insurance needs.
    This paper mainly discusses the insurance needs on the risks of autonomous vehicles. Moreover, the paper focuses on not only the traditional automobile insurance like the compulsory automobile liability insurance, the optional automobile liability insurance, and the first party insurance, but also the product liability insurance of the manufacture of autonomous vehicles which may be highly discussed in the case of autonomous vehicle accidents. In addition, autonomous vehicles are different from conventional vehicles, their main vehicle controller may be the vehicle itself rather than a human driver. Therefore, regarding the compensation and accountability of the insurance company and its subsequent claims, drivers, insurance companies or manufacturers of the autonomous vehicle may now all be liable to the car accident. As a consequence, accountability issue and the choice of insurance systems are the main discussion of this paper.
    To conclude, this paper puts forward suggestions concerning the protection of the interests of victims, including amending the provision of Civil Law on the tort liability of drivers, explaining and adjusting the current the Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance Act, and last but not least, proposing related suggestions on the product liability insurance. In all, the suggestions stated above are all in the hope of balancing the interests among the victims, the insurers and the drivers, meanwhile promoting technological innovations for autonomous vehicles.
    Reference: 參考文獻及書目
    一、中文部分
    （一）中文書籍
    1.葉啟洲，保險法實例研習，元照出版公司，修正五版，2017年2月。
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    （二）中文期刊
    1.Peter A. Windel，舉證責任─基本原則與其於消費者法上之作用，月旦法學雜誌第248期，頁184-94，2016年1月。
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    3.劉姿汝，商品製造人責任之因果關係推定，月旦法學教室第189期，頁13-16，2018年7月。
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    5.洪政緯，無人駕駛法治邁向新紀元-德國立法允許自動駕駛汽車上路，科技法律透析第29卷第5期，頁4-6，2017年5月。
    6.葉啟洲，德國強制汽車責任保險之法律性質及第三人直接請求權之構造，風險管理學報第11卷第1期，頁5-34，2009年6月。
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    （三）網路資料
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    二、外文部分
    （一）外文書籍
    1.ANDERSON, JAMES M. ET AL., AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY: A GUIDE FOR POLICYMAKERS, RAND CORPORATION, CALIF. (2016).
    2.BIRDS, JOHN, BIRDS’ MODERN INSURANCE LAW, LONDON: SWEET & MAXWELL (2016).
    3.杉浦孝明，自動運転技術の現状台灣的社會變遷與法律學的發展，收錄於自動運転と法，日本東京都：有斐格株式会社，初版第四刷，2018年。
    4.池田裕輔，自動運転と保険，收錄於自動運転と法，日本東京都：有斐格株式会社，初版第四刷，2018年。
    （二）外文期刊
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    2.Blunt, Matthew, Highway to a Headache: Is Tort-based Automotive Insurance on a Collision Course With Autonomous Vehicles?, 53 WILLAMETTE L. REV. 107-35 (2017).
    3.Boeglin, Jack, The Costs of Self-driving Cars: Reconciling Freedom and Privacy with Tort Liability in Autonomous Vehicle Regulation, 17 YALE J. L. & TECH. 171-203 (2015).
    4.Boxler, Brandon L., Fixing the Vaccine Act`s Structural Moral Hazard, 12 PEPP. DISP. RESOL. L.J. 1-47 (2012).
    5.Dieh, Rustinl & Thue, Matthew I, Autonomous Vehicle testing Legislation: A Review of Best Practices from States on the Cutting Edge, 21 J. TECH. L. & POL`Y 197-221 (2017).
    6.Duplechin, Ryan J., The Emerging Intersection of Products Liability, Cybersecurity, and Autonomous Vehicles, 85 TENN. L. REV. 803-46 (2018).
    7.Dylan LeValley, Autonomous Vehicle Liability --Application of Common Carrier Liability, 36 SEATTLE U. L. REV. SUPRA 5-26 (2013).
    8.Gurney, Jeffrey K., Sue My Car not Me: Products Liability and Accidents Involving Autonomous Vehicles, 2013 U. ILL. J.L. TECH. & POL`Y 247-77 (2013).
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    （三）研究報告
    1.Clements, Lewis M. & Kockelman, Kara M., Economic Effects of Automated Vehicles 1-19 (2017), available at https://www.caee.utexas.edu/prof/kockelman/public_html/TRB17EconomicEffectsofAVs.pdf
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    （四）法院判決
    1.Cole v. Ford Motor Co., 136 Or.App. 45 (1995).
    2.Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc., 58 Cal.2d 824, 377 P. 2d 83 (1967).
    3.Mazetti v. Armour Co, 75 Wash. 622, 135 P. 633 (1913).
    4.Watson v. Ford Motor Co., 389 S.C. 434 (2010).
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法律學系
    106651037
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1066510371
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202000036
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Law] Theses

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