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    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/128482


    Title: 台灣的民間社會、非政府組織與民主化:1980-2005
    Civil Society, NGOs, and Democratization in Taiwan: 1980-2005
    Authors: 蕭新煌
    Contributors: 第三部門
    Date: 2005-09
    Issue Date: 2020-02-05 14:37:25 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本文旨在分析台灣過去25年來，民間社會力的形成和發展歷史及其與國家政府的權力結構關係演變。首先簡述在1970年代以前的國民黨威權政治體制之下，民間社會完全被壓抑，因此是不存在的。直到1980年代開始，經由民間社會運動的風起雲湧，鬆動了權威主義的宰制結構，不但開始啟動了政治自由化、民主開放和民主轉型，也讓真正來自民間社會的結社組織力量浮現；它們要求各種社會改革議題，也擴大新生的訴求，而這些都在在透過較正式化的制度性表達，此其所謂目前定義下的「非政府組織」（NGOs）。換言之，從1980年代開始，民間社會訴求的制度化表達就是經由宗旨多元多樣的社團（以人員組成為主）和基金會（以基金結合為主）兩類NGOs做為管道和途徑。這些組織類型不同，成立目的也多元的NGOs，就成為過去二十多年台灣民間社會有形化的核心組織型態。二十多年來，民間社會從無到有，再從存在到發揮力量的演變歷程，也十足反映了台灣國家和社會兩領域權力關係的大轉變，以及它所表徵出來的民主化過程。在民主轉型和民主鞏固陸續完成下，台灣的NGOs數量大增自不在話下，其本質也有了根本的變化。根據一份NGOs主事者的自評調查顯示，不但其組織自主性確立，不再受政府控制，改革和倡議功能也自認可以充分展現，而且所能發揮的社會和政治影響力，更得到多數NGOs領導人物的肯定。本文進一步分析，2000年政黨輪替後，民間社會和NGOs與新民主體制下的民進黨政府卻產生了重大的關係變化。在爭取民主化過程中，原為舊「盟友」的在野民進黨，一旦成為國家執政者之後，與民間社會運動NGOs的關係，卻因權力的易位和對相關政策有不同現實考量因素的限制，而日益緊張。這在勞工運動、社會福利運動和環境運動尤其明顯。從2000年到2005年的台灣即目睹了這種在亞洲新民主體制下，可能都必須面對和處理的民主治理課題和挑戰。
    This paper analyses the rise, development and transformation of Taiwan`s civil society and NGOs in a historical and structural perspective. It begins with a short historical account of the change from the nonexistence to the vibrant growth of civil society in the form of institutionalized NGOs. The contextual analysis is much focused where the surge of social movements in the 1980s is viewed as a vital facilitating force behind the democratization process in Taiwan. Such democratization since 1980s then fostered further development of civil society in both quantity and quality. This paper then characterizes Taiwan`s current civil society organizations: autonomous, advocacy-driven and influential. The changes in political landscape as a result of great regime change in 2000 has presented a tremendous impact on the relations between mobilized civil society and democratic state. This paper ends with a critical assessment of the "guardianship" position taken by various advocacy NGOs in dealing with the DPP state, their former ally. The precarious and tense relations are particularly evident in state`s relations with labor, welfare and environmental NGOs between 2000 and 2005.
    Relation: 第三部門, 4, 1-26
    Data Type: article
    Appears in Collections:[Third-Sector Review] Journal Articles

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