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| Title: | 有別於西歐的東亞經驗：臺灣移工政策設計的考察（1980-2016）
A Distinct East Asian Experience From Western Europe’s: A Study of Migrant Labor Policy Design in Taiwan (1980-2016) |
| Authors: | 劉濬誠
Liu, Jun-Cheng |
| Contributors: | 蘇偉業
So, Wai-Yip
劉濬誠
Liu, Jun-Cheng |
| Keywords: | 移工政策
政策設計
標的團體的身分
東亞經驗
Migrant labor policy
Policy design
Target population of identity
East Asian experience |
| Date: | 2019 |
| Issue Date: | 2019-10-03 17:19:41 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 1950年代的西歐與1980年代後的東亞國家，皆因應勞力短缺問題而採用移工政策，但西歐的移工政策終結後，許多移工滯留在國內，發展出保障移工權利與歸化成國民的移民面向，東亞國家則是長期維持在強調暫時性、補充性的移工政策上，兩個地區呈現了不同的政策軌跡。
本文嘗試透過臺灣經驗個案的考察，回答「是否存在一個有別於西歐的東亞經驗」的提問。在學術上回顧了東西方政策經驗的相關論辯，我們指出，過往以自由國家、全球化制度主義、發展型國家以及族裔同質性的理論觀點，並不足以解釋東亞移工政策的發展邏輯。本文採中層的分析取徑，引入Schneider與Ingram提出的政策設計與社會建構理論，並整合移工政策的相關研究，發展商品、人、國民的標的團體身分概念，建構移工政策設計的分析架構。
本文藉由歷史分析法與論述分析法，蒐集臺灣移工政策的媒體與歷史資料，提出商品化與去商品化的移工政策設計兩個不同的歷史階段。前者強調移工商品與資本家利益主導了政策設計，促使移工政策合法化，並延續至今；後者則指仲介與移工（人）主導政策設計，解釋2007年的直聘制度與2016年的《就業服務法》第五十二條的修法歷程，以及近年來保障移工權利政策興起的原因。
最後，本文討論了臺灣移工政策的未來方向，保守地推論，臺灣受到政策設計的僵固性與移工定居的動機影響，很難出現類似西歐移民面向的結果。同時，本文亦論證日韓兩國與台灣在未來發展的相似性。本文認為，有別於西歐的東亞經驗基本上是存在的。
Facing labor shortage, West Europe and East Asia adopted a migrant labor policy (MLP) in the 1950s and the 1980s respectively. However, the MLP was terminated in West Europe in the 1970s, but a considerable number of the migrant labor did not go back to their home countries and further secured citizenship after the 1990s in host countries. By contrast, the East Asian counterparts still sustain the status of the migrant labor as temporary workers, not allowing them to acquire citizenship. It seems to be a distinct policy trajectory from Europe’s.
This study makes use of Taiwan as a case to answer a question: “Is there a distinct East Asian experience from Western Europe’s?” This study argues that the existing literature focuses more on macro-level than meso-level variables. For example, some scholars test whether the theories developed from the migrant labor policy in Europe since the 1950s can apply to East Asia, including liberal state and global institutionalism. Others use the “developmental state theory” to examine the East Asian experience, emphasizing effectiveness of “ideology of economic supremacy”.
This study proposes the “migrant labor policy design framework” as an alternative perspective. In addition, it also argues that existing policy design literature overlooks the multi-dimensional identity of migrant labor. This study tries to build up the concept of “target population of identity” to illustrate this point.
By adopting a historical analysis and a discourse analysis, this study proposes two different identity development stages for the MLP in Taiwan. The first is the “migrant labor as commodity” from 1980 to 1992. The second is the “migrant labor as human” after the 1993 to the present.
Finally, this study assesses the future policy direction for Taiwan, arguing for policy similarity among Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. It conjectures that it is not much possible for East Asia to repeat the West Europe’s experience in the future. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
公共行政學系
1052560111 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1052560111 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU201901193 |
| Appears in Collections: | [公共行政學系] 學位論文
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