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    Title: 婚育對於高學歷女性就業行為影響
    The influence of Marriage and Childbirth on the Employment Behavior of Highly Educated Women
    Authors: 林嘉容
    Lin, Chia-Jung
    Contributors: 劉梅君
    Liu, Mei-Chun
    林嘉容
    Lin, Chia-Jung
    Keywords: 女性就業
    高學歷
    離職育嬰
    Female Employment
    High Education
    Work care conflict
    Date: 2019
    Issue Date: 2019-09-05 16:51:39 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 女性參與經濟活動,不僅攸關於國家總體經濟的發展及競爭力之提升,同時也直接影響女性自身的經濟獨立、人格自主與生活品質。除了教育程度大幅提升之外,隨著產業結構持續往服務業轉移、社會邁向高齡化及少子化的背景下,女性勞動議題日見其重要性。本研究希望可以瞭解高學歷已婚女性在面對就業與育嬰照顧衝突時,具有較高人力資本的情況下,為何會選擇退出職場而不繼續就業,她們是受到哪些原因驅使願意離職放棄工作在家養育小孩,這歷程中出現哪些問題與影響。
    本研究以深度訪談之方式藉以一窺現高學歷女性就業行為之面貌,針對研究對象必須符合以下條件 : 具有就業經驗、已婚生育、最後學歷為大學以上,且目前無工作之女性,一共有五位受訪者,透過其個人歷程瞭解高學歷女性面對婚育時,離職育嬰的因素與困境,期望能找到解決之策。
    本研究發現,高學歷已婚女性選擇離職育嬰的因素相當多元,無法用單一項目判斷明確的因素,主要可分為幾個面向 : 角色認同、社會規範文化、人力資本、結構制約、內外報酬差異,而這群女性並不會就此不再踏入就業市場,其工作動機相當強烈,且目前年齡還處於就業黃金階段,擁有較高的機會被勞動市場所接受。
    本研究依據研究結果,提出三點建議。一為「夫妻兩者皆照顧者」之概念;二為托嬰機構監督機制與公立幼稚園數量增加;最後,性別平等教育落實。希冀改善高學歷女性在婚育過後就業與育嬰,二選一的情形。
    Women`s participation in economic activities not only concerns the development of the country`s overall economy and the improvement of competitiveness, but also affects women`s own economic independence, personality and quality of life. This study hopes to understand why high-educated married women with higher human capital still face work and child care conflicts. Why do they choose to withdraw from the labour market without continuing employment? What are the reasons for their willingness to leave their jobs? What are the problems and effects in this process when raising children at home?
    This study uses in-depth interviews to give a glimpse of the employment behavior of highly educated women. The research subjects must meet the following conditions: Women with employment experience, married and having children, with college education, and currently not working. Through their personal history, this study learned about the factors and difficulties of high-education women in the face of marriage and childbirth, and hope to find some solutions. The factors of high-educated married women choosing to leave the labour market are quite diverse, such as : role identification, social norm culture, human capital, structural constraints, internal and external compensation differences.
    Based on the research results, this study proposes three suggestions. The first is policy should support both couples to be carers. The second is the improvement of supervision mechanism of child care institutions. And the demand for more provision of child care institutions has to be met. And finally, the implementation of gender equality education needed to be enhanced.
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    勞工研究所
    102262011
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102262011
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU201901147
    Appears in Collections:[Graduate Institute of Labor Research] Theses

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