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    政大機構典藏 > 法學院 > 法律學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/125664
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/125664


    Title: 公司型社會企業法律問題研究 - 以立法模式、籌資與併購為核心
    A Study on The Legal Issues of Company Type’s Social Enterprise: Focus on the Legislative Mode, Fundraising, and M&A
    Authors: 郭又嘉
    Kuo, Yu-Chia
    Contributors: 劉連煜
    Liu, Len-Yu
    郭又嘉
    Kuo, Yu-Chia
    Keywords: 社會企業
    共益公司
    影響力投資
    併購
    董事受託義務
    資產鎖定
    Social Enterprise
    Benefit Corporation
    Impact Investment
    Mergers and Acquisitions
    Duty of Directors
    Date: 2019
    Issue Date: 2019-09-05 16:21:32 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 我國產官學界近年來對於公司型社會企業之發展討論熱烈,如何建構完善之環境幫助其成長茁壯是共同之目標,而本文以成立時、成立後及終結時做為三個時間切點,所對應之問題討論為公司型社企立法必要性及模式、資金籌措來源以及面對併購時公益目的之維繫。
    立法模式系以專法與專章方式主樣兩大分類,分別代表不同之立法發展路徑,故本文期透過不同國家之立法模式比較,對應我國之文化、現行體制,提出我國未來立法方式建議。
    再者,若把公司型社會企業之發展視為一個生命週期,籌資其為生命週期之初會面臨的重要問題,本文從我國目前社會企業之籌資方式及面臨之困境,再到外國在影響力投資之架構下,其法制及政策如何幫助社會企業籌資,最後為我國未來可繼續發展或創立之籌資建議,以及討論透過立法所能提供之幫助。
    併購則為生命週期之末的重要議題,從我國現行法制下包括公司法與企業併購法(第5條第1項為核心),以股東同意門檻及董事責任為面向出發,比較美國法規、案例及英國規範,討論我國現行法制下是否足以保障公司型社會企業面對併購亦能夠維繫其公益目的,應須有什麼配套措施等,以及針對「共益公司專章」以及「公益公司法草案」中對於併購下公益目的永續保障之規範做比較。
    最後,就上述三大區塊提出對應之結論,包括應立公司型社會企業專法、引進影響力投資開闊社會企業籌資管道,以及特別股東會決議、董事責任轉變與資產鎖定規定,能避免公司型社會企業併購時目的飄移之風險。
    In recent years, the community of industry and government in Taiwan has been discussing the development of company type’s Social Enterprise, and the common goal is to form a sound market and eco-system that helps this organization to strive. This paper is divided into three parts, which are when, after, and the end of the establishment of the organization. The corresponding issues are the necessity and legislative mode of company type’s social enterprise, the source of funding, and the maintenance of public benefit purposes when facing mergers and acquisitions. The mode of legislating is divided into two categories: enacting a new law and enacting under the corporation law to regulate the social enterprise. These two modes of legislation each represent a development path. Therefore, this paper proposes the future legislative style of our country by comparing the mode of legislating to different countries’ culture and the current system.
    Furthermore, if consider the development of a corporate social enterprise as a life cycle, fundraising will be an important issue at the beginning. This paper illustrates the fundraising methods of the current social enterprises in our country, and the difficulties we are facing. Besides, it also suggests how legal systems and policies help social enterprises raise funds under the framework of impact-investing, and how our country is going to continually develop or establish a financing method of social enterprises in the future.
    Mergers and acquisitions are important issues at the end of the life cycle. Although there are no relevant cases at home and abroad, it does not rule out the possibility that mergers and acquisitions may occur when social enterprises mature or even takes place in the market. According to the current legal system in Taiwan, which includes the Corporate Act and the Business Mergers and Acquisitions Act, this paper takes the shareholders’ consent requirement and directors’ responsibilities as the starting point to compare with the US regulations, cases, and British norms. It discusses whether Taiwan’s current legal system is capable to ensure the company type’s social enterprises to maintain their public benefit purposes when facing mergers and acquisitions, and what complementary measures should be required. Therefore, comparing specifically between drafts of “benefit corporation act” and “profits with purpose company chapter/section” about the sustainable protection for public benefit purposes under mergers and acquisitions.
    Finally, this article suggests that if we want to encourage sustainable development of company type’s social enterprises, the following three methods are the solutions. Including legislate a special act of the corporate social enterprises, introduce impact-investing to open up the social enterprise fundraising method, and alter directors’ responsibilities and the legislation of lock-in asset.
    Reference: 一、 中文部分
    (一) 書籍
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    (二) 期刊
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    (三) 學位論文
    1. 江永楨,從營利到共益的公司法典範轉移-建構適合社會企業發展之法制,國立臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文,2017年。
    2. 杜冠臻,初探社會證券交易所之法制建構─從影響力投資大眾化之觀點出發,台灣大學法律學研究所,2018年。
    3. 林子堯,我國社會企業法律問題分析及其立法模式,台灣大學法律學系碩士論文, 2018年。
    4. 洪培睿,異議股東股份收買請求權制度之研究,國立臺北大學法律研究所碩士論文, 2009年 。
    5. 許雅雯,我國訂定社會企業專法之研究,國立政治大學法律學研究所,2013 年。
    6. 許哲瑋,我國社會企業法制環境之研究-以「社會企業行動方案」為中心,國立政治大學法律學研究所碩士論文,2015年。
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    8. 陳宥任,我國社會企業發展及租稅課徵之研究,東吳會計研究所碩士論文,2014年。
    9. 張庭,論利於新創事業籌資之法制建構——以群眾募資為中心,成功大學法律研究所碩士論文,2018年。
    10. 楊岳平,論我國企業併購法制與利害關係人之保護—由公司社會責任理論出發—,國立臺灣大學法律學院法律學研究所碩士論文,2010年。
    11. 劉容妤,社會企業─企業典範轉移之研究,國立臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文,2015年。
    12. 劉沂佳,以英美社會企業法制論我國社會企業監理之改革,世新大學法學院碩士論文,2018年。
    (四) 網路資料及其他
    1. 新創圓夢網 https://sme.moeasmea.gov.tw/startup/modules/se/mod_case/list.php
    2. 公司法全盤修正委員會修法建議,http://www.scocar.org.tw/pdf/section3.pdf
    3. 社會效益債券:政府購買社會服務的法律制度創新,李蕊,江西社會科學,2018年1期http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-JXS.H201801024.htm
    4. 群眾募資平台籌一桶金實現社企創業,2014-05-26聯合新聞網 聯合報記者梁玉芳https://vision.udn.com/vision/story/7650/737215
    5. 2018,flyingV 幹了什麼好事?flyingV 群眾募資平台
    https://medium.com/@FlyingFive/2018-flyingv-%E5%B9%B9%E4%BA%86%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E5%A5%BD%E4%BA%8B-17a18ba7f947
    6. 經濟部小型企業創新研發計畫 https://www.sbir.org.tw/
    7. 服務業創新研發計畫 https://gcis.nat.gov.tw/neo-s/Web/About.aspx
    8. 文化部獎補助資訊網https://grants.moc.gov.tw/Web/Normal.jsp?P=2100&B=1746
    9. 余宛如專欄-只關心風險的法律規範,如何鼓勵天使投資?https://www.thenewslens.com/article/92261
    10. 國家發展委員會,我國非營利組織社會企業化之研究,頁16,台北市:國發會,2014年。
    11. 經濟部「社會企業行動方案」,核定日期:103年9月4日,核定字號:院臺經字第1030145295號。

    二、 英文部分
    (一) 書籍
    1. Dana Brakman Reiser & Steven A. Dean, (2017). Social Enterprise Law: Trust, Public Benefit, and Capital Markets, Oxford University Press.
    2. Frederick Alexander, (2017).Benefit Corporation Law and Governance: Pursuing Profit with Purpose, Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
    (二) 期刊
    1. Alexander, Frederick H. and Hamermesh, Lawrence A. and Martin, Frank and Monhait, Norman, M&A Under Delaware`s Public Benefit Corporation Statute: A Hypothetical Tour (October 20, 2014). Harvard Business Law Review, v. 4 (2014).
    2. Alicia E. Plerhoples, Social Enterprise As Commitment: A Roadmap, 48 WASH.U.J.L.&POL`Y 89, 91 (2015).
    3. Arena, Todd, Social Corporate Governance and the Problem of Mission Drift in Socially-Oriented Microfinance Institutions, COLUMBIA JOURNAL OF LAW & SOCIAL PROBLEMS , VOL. 41 ISSUE 3 (2008).
    4. Bernard S. Sharfinan, Shareholder Wealth Maximization and Its Implementation under Corporate Law, 66 Fla. L. Rev. 389 (2014).
    5. Bebchuk, Lucian A. and Kastiel, Kobi, The Untenable Case for Perpetual Dual-Class Stock, VIRGINIA LAW REVIEW, VOLUME 103( 2017)
    6. Brett H. McDonnell, Benefit Corporations and Public Markets: First Experiments and Next Steps, 40 SEATTLE U. L. REV. 717 (2017).
    7. Dadush, Sarah, Regulating Social Finance: Can Social Stock Exchanges Meet the Challenge? UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, VOL. 37, NO. 1( 2015).
    8. Dana Brakman Reiser and Steven A. Dean, Financing the Benefit Corporation, 40 SEATTLE U. L. REV. 793 (2017).
    9. Dana B. Reiser, Governing and Financing Blended Enterprise, 85 CHI.-KENT. L. REV. 619 (2010).
    10. David A. Wishnick, COMMENT-Corporate Purposes in a Free Enterprise System: A Comment on eBay v. Newmark, 121 Yale L. J. 2405(2012)
    11. Defourny, J. & Nyssens, M., Conceptions of Social Enterprise and Social Entrepreneurship in Europe and the United States: Convergences and Divergences, JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP, VOL. 1, NO 1 (2010).
    12. European Commission, Social Business Initiative: Creating a Favourable Climate for Social Enterprises, Key Stakeholders in the Social Economy and Innovation (2011), available at http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/social_business/docs/COM 2011_682_en.pdf
    13. Jacob E. Hasler, Contracting for Good: How Benefit Corporations Empower Investors and Redefine Shareholder Value, 100 Va. L. Rev. 1279 (2014).
    14. Jacques Defourny & Marthe Nyssen, Social Enterprise in Europe: Recent Trends and Developments, 4 SOCIAL ENTERPRISE JOURNAL(2008)
    15. Joseph M. Grieco, The Ever-Evolving Poison Pill: The Pill in Asset Protection and Closely-Held Corporation Cases, 36 Del. J. Corp. L. 625 (2011).
    16. Jonathan R. Macey, A Close Read of an Excellent Commentary on Dodge v. Ford, 3 VA. L. & BUS.REV. 177(2008).
    17. J .Haskell Murray, Ben & Jerry`s Struggles with Corporate Social Responsibility in an International Context (2014).
    18. J. Haskell Murray, Choose your Own Master: Social Enterprise, Certifications, and Benefit Corporation Statutes, 2 AM. U. BUS. L. REV. 1 (2012).
    19. Keren G. Raz, Toward an Improved Legal form for Social Enterprise, 36 N.Y.U. REV. L. & SOC. CHANGE (2012).
    20. Kim Alter, Social Enterprise Typology, 12 VIRTUE VENTURES LLC, (2007).
    21. Lang, Robert & Minnigh, Elizabeth Carrott, The L3C, History, Basic Construct,and Legal Frame Work, 35 VT. L. REV. 15(2010).
    22. Mazzeschi, Marco and De Ricco, Giuditta, The Italian Benefit Corporation: To Profit and …. Beyond!, THE LAWYER ISSUE–MARCH 2017 . Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2966981
    23. Murray, J. Haskell, Defending Patagonia: Mergers & Acquisitions with Benefit Corporations , HASTINGS BUSINESS LAW JOURNAL, VOL. 9, NO. 485 (2013).
    24. Robert T. Esposito, The Social Enterprise Revolution In Corporate Law : A Primer On Emerging Corporate Entities In Europe And The United States And The Case For The Benefit Corporation, 4 WM. & MARY BUS. L. REV. 639 (2013).
    (三) 網路資料及其他
    1. A Whitepaper by Nbis, B Corporations, Benefit Corporations and Social Purpose Corporations: Launching a New Era of Impact-Driven Companies (2012), available at: http://nbis.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ImpactDrivenCompanies_NBIS_Whitepaper_Oct2012. pdf.
    2. Alissa Pelatan & Roberto Randazzo,The First European Benefit Corporation: blurring the lines between ‘social’ and ‘business’(2016), at 4, available at http://www.bwbllp.com/file/benefit-corporation-article-june-16-pdf
    3. A map of social enterprises and their ecosystems in Europe European Commission, available at:
    https://www.age-platform.eu/publications/map-social-enterprises-and-their-eco-systems-europe.
    4. Arendt & Medernach, Luxembourg newsflash (Dec. 2016), available at :http://www.arendt.com/publications/documents/newsflash/2016.12.15%20-%20luxembourg%20newsflash%20-%20social%20impact%20company.pdf
    5. About Venture Capital Trusts, available at:https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140206152932/http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/guidance/vct.htm#2
    6. Benefit Corporation, How do I Create General Public Benefit? (“material positive impact on society and the environment, taken as a whole, as assessed against a third-party standard, from the business and operations of a benefit corporation.”) available at http://benefitcorp.net/businesses/how-do-i-create-general-public-benefit.
    7. Beneift Corporation White Paper, The Need and Rationale for the Benefit Corporation:Why it is the Legal Form that Best Addresses the Needs of Social Enterpreneurs, Investors, and, U;timately, the Public, available at http://benefitcorp.net/attorneys/benefit-corp-white-paper, latest visit May. 18, 2019)
    8. CMS DeBacker, Introduction of a bill for the creation of a new legal form for companies with a social or societal purpose: the “Société d’impact sociétal” (Sep. 2015), available at ,http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=1da6aeff-5d1d-4d3a-bbc5-9ef56973e978
    9. Christopher C. McKinnon, Dual-Class Capital Structures: A Legal, Theoretical & Empirical Buy-Side Analysis, 5 Mich. Bus. & Entrepreneurial L. Rev. 81 (2016). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mbelr/vol5/iss1/4
    10. Department for Business Innovation & Skills, Office of the Regulator of Community Interest
    Companies: Leaflets , Frequently Asked Questions (2013)
    11. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, A Guide To Legal Forms For Social Enterprise (2011), at 2, available at https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/31677/11-1400-guide-legal-forms-for-social-enterprise.pdf.
    12. Social Enterprise UK,http://socialenterprise.org.uk/membership/membership-badge-criteria
    13. Social Enterprise Mark, Social Enterprise Mark -Eligibility Criteria, available at http://www.socialenterprisemark.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/SEM-Qualification-criteria-May-16.pdf
    14. Dana Brakman Reiser and Steven A. Dean, Hunting Stag with FLY Paper: A Hybrid Financial Instrument for Social Enterprise, Boston College Law Review (2013), available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2243833
    15. Discussion Paper Promoting social enterprise financing(2016).Available at: https://www.siceurope.eu/sites/default/files/field/attachment/promoting_social_enterprise_financing.pdf
    16. European Commission, A Map of Social Enterprises and Their Eco-systems in Europe, Country Report: Belgium (2014), available at: http://ec.europa.eu/social/keyDocuments.jsp?pager.offset=10&&langId=en&mod e=advancedSubmit&advSearchKey=socentcntryrepts
    17. European Impact Investing Luxembourg, Société d`Impact Sociétal (SIS), available at :http://www.impact-investing.eu/working-groups/group/groups/societe-d-impact-societal-sis
    18. Evan Weaver, Marrying cash and change: Social “stock markets” spread worldwide
    available at :https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Making-a-difference/Change-Agent/2012/0830/Marrying-cash-and-change-Social-stock-markets-spread-worldwide
    19. Enterprise Investment Scheme statistics, available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-enterprise-investment-scheme-introduction/enterprise-investment-scheme
    20. Flexible Low Yield Paper for Financing Social Enterprises Available at: http://nysstlc.syr.edu/flexible-low-yield-paper-for-financing-social-enterprises/
    21. Gordon Smith, eBay v. Newmark: A Modern Version of Dodge v. Ford Motor Company, available at: https://www.theconglomerate.org/2010/09/ebay-v-newmark-a-modern-version-of-dodge-v-ford-motor-company.html
    22. GIIN, What is impact investing, available at: https://thegiin.org/impact-investing/
    23. Global Social Impact Investment Steering Group, available at: http://www.socialimpactinvestment.org/
    24. HS298 Venture capital trusts and Capital Gains Tax (2017) ,available at:https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/venture-capital-trusts-and-capital-gains-tax-hs298-self-assessment-helpsheet/hs298-venture-capital-trusts-and-capital-gains-tax_1-2017
    25. Impact Exchange Board Listing Guide,at6,available at: https://iixglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Impact_Exchange_Listing_Guide-2017-1.pdf
    26. Investing for Social and Environmental Impact: A Design for Catalyzing an Emerging Industry(2009),available at: https://www.issuelab.org/resource/investing-for-social-and-environmental-impact-a-design-for-catalyzing-an-emerging-industry-executive-summary.html
    27. Jong Gul Kim, Current Social Enterprise Issues and Policies in Korea (2013), available at: http://www.rupp.edu.kh/projects/delphe/2013/pw2/Prof%20Jong%20Gul%20Ki m.pdf (last visited: May. 19, 2018).
    28. Julie Treppa & Lindsay Gehman & Jorge Lopez, Flexible Purpose Corporations (2013), Publications of Coblentz Patch Duffy & Bass LLP, available at: http://www.coblentzlaw.com/images/uploads/content/Flexible_Purpose_Corporat ions_-_Article.pdf
    29. Majid Hasan,Valuation of the Peterborough Prison Social Impact Bond, . Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 1616(2013), available at https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2916&context=etd
    30. Marleen Denef, Future of Social Purpose Company in Belgium (2016), European Social Enterprise Law Association NEWS, available at: https://esela.eu/news/not-belgian-corporate-specialists-question-use-social-purpose-company-adequate-legal-status-social-business
    31. Neetal Parekh and David Jaber, Third Party Standards for Benefit Corporations (2012), available at: https://www.triplepundit.com/2012/03/third-party-standards-benefit-corporations/
    32. OECD,Social Impact Investment(2019), available at :https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/social-impact-investment-2019_9789264311299-en#page74
    33. Social Impact Investment Taskforce, Policy Levers and Objectives, available at: https://gsgii.org/reports/policy-levers-and-objectives/(last visited: Jun.20,2019)
    34. SKS Microfinance journey to IPO: An inside story ,available at
    http://www.danielrozas.com/2010/05/12/exclusive-sks-microfinance-journey-to-ipo-an-inside-story/
    35. Samer Abu-Saifan, Social Entrepreneurship: Definition and Boundaries 4 (Feb. 2012), available at http://timreview.ca/article/523
    36. Social Stock Exchange, What We Doavailable at: http://socialstockexchange.com/about-ssx/what-we-do(last visited: Jun.20,2019)
    37. The Role of Tax Incentives in Encouraging Social Investment, Report prepared for the City of London and Big Society Capital by Worthstone assisted by Wragge & Co LLP available at https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/business/economic-research-and-information/research-publications /Documents/research-2013/the-role-of-tax-incentives-in-encouraging-social-investment-WebPDF.pdf
    38. The Rise of Social Stock Exchanges, available at : https://ssir.org/articles/entry/the_rise_of_social_stock_exchanges
    39. Use the Seed Enterprise Investment Scheme to raise money for your company
    https://www.gov.uk/guidance/venture-capital-schemes-apply-to-use-the-seed-enterprise-investment-scheme
    40. VCM13110 - EIS: income tax relief: the issuing company: gross assets requirement , available at :http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/manuals/vcmmanual/VCM13110.htm(last visited: Jul. 5,2019).
    41. VCM13030 - EIS: income tax relief: the issuing company: meaning of ‘permanent establishment’ , available at: http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/manuals/vcmmanual/vcm13030.htm(last visited: Jul. 5,2019).
    42. VCM12030 - EIS: income tax relief: general requirements: maximum amount raised annually through risk capital schemes requirement, available at :https://www.gov.uk/hmrc-internal-manuals/venture-capital-schemes-manual/vcm12030 (last visited: Jul. 5,2019).
    43. Office of the Regulator of Community Interest Companies (2016), Complaints about community interest companies, available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/atta chment_data/file/605438/cic-14-1090-complaint-about-community-interest-companies.pdf
    44. Rate the Raters, Phase Two Taking Inventory of the Ratings Universe (2010), available at: http://s10458.pcdn.co/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/sustain_ability_ratethe_raters2.pdf
    45. Regulator of Community Interest Companies, Annual Report 2015/2016, available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/atta chment_data/file/538040/cic-16-3-community-interest-companies-annual-report- 2015-2016.pdf
    46. Regulator of Community Interest Companies, Annual Report 2016/2017, available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/atta chment_data/file/630211/cic-17-2community-interest-companies-annual-report- 2016-2017.pdf
    47. Vince Heaney, Investing in Social Enterprise: The Role of Tax Incentives, available at
    https://static1.squarespace.com/static/54d620fce4b049bf4cd5be9b/t/55240ffbe4b0983c73de9429/1428426747176/Investing+in+Social+Enterprise.pdf
    48. William H. Clark & Larry Vranka, White Paper-The Need and Rationale for the Benefit Corporation: Why It Is the Legal Form That Best Addresses the Needs of Social Entrepreneurs, Investors, and, Ultimately, the Public (2013), available at: http://benefitcorp.net/sites/default/files/Benefit_Corporation_White_Paper.pdf
    49. Young-Chool Choi & Ji-Hyun Jang, Analysis of Current Conditions Facing Social Enterprises in Korea: Policy Issues Regarding Their Sustainable Development (2014), available at: https://thejournalofbusiness.org/index.php/site/article/view/460/349
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法律學系
    105651011
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105651011
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU201900957
    Appears in Collections:[法律學系] 學位論文

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