| Reference: | ETtoday新聞雲（2018年1月25日）。〈「想死就去死」！12歲少女遭網路霸凌 衣櫥內用狗鍊上吊亡〉，《ETtoday新聞雲》。取自https://www.ettoday.net/news/20180125/1099982.htm
李伊晴（2018年11月05）。〈最常見的菜市場名 這兩個姓名蟬聯冠軍〉，《今周刊》。取自https://www.businesstoday.com.tw/article/category/80392/post/201811050015
張軒哲（2018年1月16日）。〈台中偏鄉傳校園霸凌 國一女遭女同學摸下體、辱罵〉，《自由時報》。取自
兒福聯盟 （2014）。〈當你的朋友被同學欺負的時候，你會怎麼做呢？〉，《兒童福利聯盟》。.
林良昇、陳建志（2015）。〈網路霸凌殺人 藝人楊又穎輕生〉，《自由時報》。取自http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/focus/paper/874162
林良齊、馮靖惠、王思慧、何定照、黃毓純、楊懿、郭芳彣（2017）。《校園霸凌嚴重 近半數學校不管或愈管愈糟》，《聯合報》。取自 https://udn.com/news/story/6885/2762183?from=udn-referralnews_ch2artbottom
波昂刺刺（2018）。〈《漢娜的遺言》：沈重的校園懸疑劇，妖魔化的性侵恐懼〉，《The News Lens 關鍵評論網》。取自 https://www.thenewslens.com/article/97219
施昂強（2017年12月5日）。〈女自殺 母控網路霸凌害命〉，《蘋果日報》。取自https://tw.appledaily.com/headline/daily/20171205/37864510
施琮仁（2017）。〈台灣青少年網路霸凌現況、原因與影響〉，《中華傳播學刊》（32），頁 203-240。
張軒哲（2018年1月16日）〈台中偏鄉傳校園霸凌 國一女遭女同學摸下體、辱罵〉，《自由時報》。取自 http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/society/breakingnews/2460158
教育部（2002）。〈普通高級中學設備基準實施要點〉，《行政院公報》，15(111)。
教育部（2018年9月7日）。《教育部推動防制校園霸凌領航學校實施方案》，臺教學（五）字第1070144933號函。
許文宗（2010）。〈國中學生虛擬霸凌與傳統霸凌之相關研究〉，未出版之碩士論文，國立彰化師範大學教育研究所，彰化市。
許倬勛（2019年6月1日）。〈桃市驚傳學生圍毆霸凌！教室淪私刑現場 課桌椅滿天飛〉，《自由時報》。取自https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/society/breakingnews/2809273
陳利銘（2013）。〈霸凌事件旁觀者的影響與防制策略探討〉，《人文與社會科學簡訊》14(3):56-63。
陳茵嵐、劉奕蘭（2011）。〈e世代的攻擊行為：網路霸凌（Cyber-Bullying）〉，「E世代重要議題：人文社會面向」，國立清華大學人文社會學院。
陳錦宏、陳快樂、沈武典、盧孟良（2002）。〈中文版簡式創傷後壓力疾患量表之信度和效度〉，《台灣醫學》，6(3), 305-310。
厲家珍（2011）。《兒童早期至晚期疼痛同理心的神經發展：事件相關電位研究》。國立中央大學認知與神經科學研究所碩士論文。
駐加拿大代表處教育組（2018年4月26日）。〈加拿大魁北克省將利用虛擬實境課程抵制校園霸凌〉816。取自https://epaper.edu.tw/windows.aspx?windows_sn=21153
Ahn, S. J. (2015). Incorporating immersive virtual environments in health promotion campaigns: A construal level theory approach. Health communication, 30(6), 545-556.
Ahn, S. J. G., Bailenson, J. N., & Park, D. (2014). Short-and long-term effects of embodied experiences in immersive virtual environments on environmental locus of control and behavior. Computers in human behavior, 39, 235-245.
Archer, D., & Finger, K. (2018). Walking in Another`s Virtual Shoes: Do 360-Degree Video News Stories Generate Empathy in Viewers? Tow Center for Digital Journalism Report. Columbia University Academic Commons (pp.1-70).
Bachen, C. M., Hernández-Ramos, P., Raphael, C., & Waldron, A. (2016). How do presence, flow, and character identification affect players’ empathy and interest in learning from a serious computer game? Computers in human behavior, 64, 77-87.
Barhight, L. R., Hubbard, J. A., & Hyde, C. T. (2013). Children’s physiological and emotional reactions to witnessing bullying predict bystander intervention. Child development, 84(1), 375-390.
Berger, K. S. (2007). Update on bullying at school: Science forgotten? Developmental review, 27(1), 90-126.
Biocca, F. (1997). The cyborg`s dilemma: Progressive embodiment in virtual environments. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 3(2), Retrieved February 12, 2002, from http://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol3/issue2/
Biocca, F., Harms, C., & Burgoon, J. K. (2003). Toward a more robust theory and measure of social presence: Review and suggested criteria. Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments, 12(5), 456-480.
Biocca, F., Harms, C., & Gregg, J. (2001, May). The networked minds measure of social presence: Pilot test of the factor structure and concurrent validity. In 4th annual international workshop on presence, Philadelphia, PA (pp. 1-9).
Bock, E. M., & Hosser, D. (2014). Empathy as a predictor of recidivism among young adult offenders. Psychology, Crime & Law, 20(2), 101-115.
Bosworth, K., Espelage, D., DuBay, T., Daytner, G., & Karageorge, K. (2000). Preliminary evaluation of a multimedia violence prevention program for adolescents. American Journal of Health Behavior, 24(4), 268-280.
Bouchard, S., Bernier, F., Boivin, E., Dumoulin, S., Laforest, M., Guitard, T., . . . Renaud, P. (2013). Empathy toward virtual humans depicting a known or unknown person expressing pain. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(1), 61-71.
Chen, L. M., Cheng, W., & Ho, H.-C. (2015). Perceived severity of school bullying in elementary schools based on participants’ roles. Educational Psychology, 35(4), 484-496.
Cheng, Y.-Y., Chen, L.-M., Liu, K.-S., & Chen, Y.-L. (2011). Development and psychometric evaluation of the school bullying scales: A Rasch measurement approach. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 71(1), 200-216.
Chrysikou, E. G., & Thompson, W. J. (2016). Assessing cognitive and affective empathy through the interpersonal reactivity index: An argument against a two-factor model. Assessment, 23(6), 769-777.
Cohen, J. (2001). Defining identification: A theoretical look at the identification of audiences with media characters. Mass communication & society, 4(3), 245-264.
Craig, W. M., Pepler, D., & Atlas, R. (2000). Observations of bullying in the playground and in the classroom. School Psychology International, 21(1), 22-36.
Darley, J. M., & Latane, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8(4p1), 377.
Dautenhahn, K., & Woods, S. (2003). Possible connections between bullying behaviour, empathy and imitation. In Procs 2nd Int Symp on Imitation in Animals and Artifacts.
Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 113.
Davis, M. H. (1994). Empathy: A social psychological approach: Routledge.
Decety, J., & Jackson, P. L. (2004). The functional architecture of human empathy. Behavioral and cognitive neuroscience reviews, 3(2), 71-100.
DeSmet, A., Bastiaensens, S., Van Cleemput, K., Poels, K., Vandebosch, H., Cardon, G., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2016). Deciding whether to look after them, to like it, or leave it: A multidimensional analysis of predictors of positive and negative bystander behavior in cyberbullying among adolescents. Computers in human behavior, 57, 398-415.
DiFranzo, D., Taylor, S. H., Kazerooni, F., Wherry, O. D., & Bazarova, N. N. (2018). Upstanding by design: Bystander intervention in cyberbullying. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.
Dooley, J. J., Pyżalski, J., & Cross, D. (2009). Cyberbullying versus face-to-face bullying: A theoretical and conceptual review. Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology, 217(4), 182-188.
Drwecki, B. B., Moore, C. F., Ward, S. E., & Prkachin, K. M. (2011). Reducing racial disparities in pain treatment: The role of empathy and perspective-taking. Pain, 152(5), 1001-1006.
Duran, E. (2016, Jul 27). New anti-bullying app developed in honour of Amanda Todd. Global News. Retrieved from https://globalnews.ca/news/2849862/new-anti-bullying-app-developed-in-honour-of-amanda-todd/
Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Murphy, B., Karbon, M., Maszk, P., Smith, M., . . . Suh, K. (1994). The relations of emotionality and regulation to dispositional and situational empathy-related responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(4), 776.
Espelage, D. L., Mebane, S. E., & Adams, R. S. (2004). Empathy, caring, and bullying: Toward an understanding of complex associations. Bullying in American schools: A social-ecological perspective on prevention and intervention, 37-61.
Farrar, K. M., Krcmar, M., & Nowak, K. L. (2006). Contextual features of violent video games, mental models, and aggression. Journal of communication, 56(2), 387-405.
Ferchaud, A., & Sanders, M. S. (2018). Seeing Through the Avatar’s Eyes: Effects of Point-of-View and Gender Match on Identification and Enjoyment. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 38(2), 82-105.
Fisher, R. J., Vandenbosch, M., & Antia, K. D. (2008). An empathy-helping perspective on consumers` responses to fund-raising appeals. Journal of consumer research, 35(3), 519-531.
Fonseca, D., & Kraus, M. (2016, October). A comparison of head-mounted and hand-held displays for 360 videos with focus on attitude and behavior change. In Proceedings of the 20th International Academic Mindtrek Conference (pp. 287-296).
Galinsky, A. D., & Moskowitz, G. B. (2000). Perspective-taking: decreasing stereotype expression, stereotype accessibility, and in-group favoritism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(4), 708.
Gini, G., Albiero, P., Benelli, B., & Altoe, G. (2008). Determinants of adolescents’ active defending and passive bystanding behavior in bullying. Journal of adolescence, 31(1), 93-105.
Gini, G., Albiero, P., Benelli, B., & Altoè, G. (2007). Does empathy predict adolescents` bullying and defending behavior? Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 33(5), 467-476.
Goffman, E. (2008). Behavior in public places: Simon and Schuster.
Gorisse, G., Christmann, O., Amato, E. A., & Richir, S. (2017). First-and Third-Person Perspectives in immersive Virtual environments: Presence and Performance analysis of embodied Users. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 4, 33.
Haegerich, T. M., & Bottoms, B. L. (2000). Empathy and jurors` decisions in patricide trials involving child sexual assault allegations. Law and Human Behavior, 24(4), 421-448.
Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach: Guilford Publications.
Herrera, F., Bailenson, J., Weisz, E., Ogle, E., & Zaki, J. (2018). Building long-term empathy: A large-scale comparison of traditional and virtual reality perspective-taking. Plos one, 13(10), e0204494.
Hoffman, M. L. (1994). The contribution of empathy to justice and moral judgment. Reaching out: Caring, altruism, and prosocial behavior, 7, 161-194.
Hoffman, M. L. (2007). The origins of empathic morality in toddlerhood. Socioemotional development in the toddler years: Transitions and transformations, 132-145.
Hokoda, A., Lu, H.-H. A., & Angeles, M. (2006). School bullying in Taiwanese adolescents. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 6(4), 69-90.
Hortensius, R., Neyret, S., Slater, M., & de Gelder, B. (2018). The relation between bystanders’ behavioral reactivity to distress and later helping behavior during a violent conflict in virtual reality. Plos one, 13(4), e0196074.
Kaltiala-Heino, R., Rimpelä, M., Marttunen, M., Rimpelä, A., & Rantanen, P. (1999). Bullying, depression, and suicidal ideation in Finnish adolescents: school survey. Bmj, 319(7206), 348-351.
Kent, V., Hoos, L., Krueger, O., Abbott, S., & Pendleton, J. (2014). Comparison of Essential Oils and Relaxing Music on Reducing Anxiety. Journal of Advanced Student Science.
Kilteni, K., Groten, R., & Slater, M. (2012). The sense of embodiment in virtual reality. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 21(4), 373-387.
Klimmt, C., Hefner, D., & Vorderer, P. (2009). The video game experience as “true” identification: A theory of enjoyable alterations of players’ self-perception. Communication theory, 19(4), 351-373.
Klimmt, C., Hefner, D., Vorderer, P., Roth, C., & Blake, C. (2010). Identification with video game characters as automatic shift of self-perceptions. Media psychology, 13(4), 323-338.
Labs, H. (2017). Stand up! Virtual reality to activate bystanders against bullying. In H. Labs (Ed.).
Lamm, C., Batson, C. D., & Decety, J. (2007). The neural substrate of human empathy: effects of perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 19(1), 42-58.
Lee, K. M. (2004). Presence, explicated. Communication theory, 14(1), 27-50.
Lee, M.-S., Zi-Pei, W., Svanström, L., & Dalal, K. (2013). Cyber bullying prevention: Intervention in Taiwan. Plos one, 8(5), e64031.
Levy, S. R., Freitas, A. L., & Salovey, P. (2002). Construing action abstractly and blurring social distinctions: Implications for perceiving homogeneity among, but also empathizing with and helping, others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(5), 1224-1238.
Lin, J.-H. (2013). Identification matters: A moderated mediation model of media interactivity, character identification, and video game violence on aggression. Journal of communication, 63(4), 682-702.
Lin, J.-H. (2017). Identification. In P. Rössler, C. A. Hoffner, & L. v. Zoonen (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects (pp. 1-15): John Wiley & Sons.
Lin, J.-H., & LaRose, R. (2012). The scale development and testing of character identification as a mediating mechanism of the effect of media interactivity on the relationship of violence and aggression. In International Communication Association (ICA), Phoenix, AZ.
Lin, J. H. T., Wu, D. Y., & Tao, C. C. (2018). So scary, yet so fun: The role of self-efficacy in enjoyment of a virtual reality horror game. New Media & Society, 20(9), 3223-3242.
Ling, Y., Nefs, H. T., Morina, N., Heynderickx, I., & Brinkman, W.-P. (2014). A meta-analysis on the relationship between self-reported presence and anxiety in virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. Plos one, 9(5), e96144.
Lucas-Molina, B., Pérez-Albéniz, A., Ortuño-Sierra, J., & Fonseca-Pedrero, E. (2017). Dimensional structure and measurement invariance of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) across gender. Psicothema, 29(4), 590-595.
Lull, R. B., & Bushman, B. J. (2016). Immersed in violence: Presence mediates the effect of 3D violent video gameplay on angry feelings. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 5(2), 133-144.
Lynn Hawkins, D., Pepler, D. J., & Craig, W. M. (2001). Naturalistic observations of peer interventions in bullying. Social development, 10(4), 512-527.
Madsen, K. E. (2016). The differential effects of agency on fear induction using a horror-themed video game. Computers in human behavior, 56, 142-146.
Maselli, A., & Slater, M. (2013). The building blocks of the full body ownership illusion. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 7, 83.
Memon, Z. A., & Treur, J. (2012). An agent model for cognitive and affective empathic understanding of other agents. In Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence VI (pp. 56-83): Springer.
Merrell, K. W., Gueldner, B. A., Ross, S. W., & Isava, D. M. (2008). How effective are school bullying intervention programs? A meta-analysis of intervention research. School Psychology Quarterly, 23(1), 26-42.
Modecki, K. L., Minchin, J., Harbaugh, A. G., Guerra, N. G., & Runions, K. C. (2014). Bullying prevalence across contexts: A meta-analysis measuring cyber and traditional bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(5), 602-611.
Mok, M. M. C., Wang, W.-C., Cheng, Y.-Y., Leung, S.-O., & Chen, L.-M. (2014). Prevalence and behavioral ranking of bullying and victimization among secondary students in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Macao. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 23(3), 757-767.
Nickerson, A. B., Mele, D., & Princiotta, D. (2008). Attachment and empathy as predictors of roles as defenders or outsiders in bullying interactions. Journal of school psychology, 46(6), 687-703.
Nocentini, A., Zambuto, V., & Menesini, E. (2015). Anti-bullying programs and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs): A systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 23, 52-60.
Nowak, K. L., Krcmar, M., & Farrar, K. M. (2008). The causes and consequences of presence: Considering the influence of violent video games on presence and aggression. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 17(3), 256-268.
Olweus, D. (1993). Bully/victim problems among schoolchildren: Long-term consequences and an effective intervention program. In S. Hodgins (Ed.), Mental disorder and crime (pp. 317-349). Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc
Oswald, P. A. (1996). The effects of cognitive and affective perspective taking on empathic concern and altruistic helping. The Journal of social psychology, 136(5), 613-623.
Paiva, A., Dias, J., Sobral, D., Aylett, R., Sobreperez, P., Woods, S., ... & Hall, L. (2004, July). Caring for agents and agents that care: Building empathic relations with synthetic agents. In Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems-Volume 1 (pp. 194-201). IEEE Computer Society.
Pavone, E. F., Tieri, G., Rizza, G., Tidoni, E., Grisoni, L., & Aglioti, S. M. (2016). Embodying others in immersive virtual reality: electro-cortical signatures of monitoring the errors in the actions of an avatar seen from a first-person perspective. Journal of Neuroscience, 36(2), 268-279.
Poeschl, S., & Doering, N. (2015). Measuring co-presence and social presence in virtual environments–psychometric construction of a german scale for a fear of public speaking scenario. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CYBERTHERAPY AND TELEMEDICINE 2015, 58.
Polanin, J. R., Espelage, D. L., & Pigott, T. D. (2012). A meta-analysis of school-based bullying prevention programs` effects on bystander intervention behavior. School Psychology Review, 41(1), 47-65.
Richardson, J. C., Maeda, Y., Lv, J., & Caskurlu, S. (2017). Social presence in relation to students` satisfaction and learning in the online environment: A meta-analysis. Computers in human behavior, 71, 402-417.
Rovira, A., Swapp, D., Spanlang, B., & Slater, M. (2009). The use of virtual reality in the study of people`s responses to violent incidents. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 3, 59.
Salmivalli, C., Lagerspetz, K., Björkqvist, K., Österman, K., & Kaukiainen, A. (1996). Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 22(1), 1-15.
Sapouna, M., Wolke, D., Vannini, N., Watson, S., Woods, S., Schneider, W., . . . André, E. (2010). Virtual learning intervention to reduce bullying victimization in primary school: a controlled trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(1), 104-112.
Schuemie, M. J., Van Der Straaten, P., Krijn, M., & Van Der Mast, C. A. (2001). Research on presence in virtual reality: A survey. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4(2), 183-201.
Seinfeld, S., Arroyo-Palacios, J., Iruretagoyena, G., Hortensius, R., Zapata, L., Borland, D., . . . Sanchez-Vives, M. (2018). Offenders become the victim in virtual reality: impact of changing perspective in domestic violence. Scientific reports, 8(1), 2692.
Shen, L. (2010). On a scale of state empathy during message processing. Western Journal of Communication, 74(5), 504-524.
Shih, M., Wang, E., Trahan Bucher, A., & Stotzer, R. (2009). Perspective taking: Reducing prejudice towards general outgroups and specific individuals. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 12(5), 565-577.
Shin, D. (2018). Empathy and embodied experience in virtual environment: To what extent can virtual reality stimulate empathy and embodied experience? Computers in human behavior, 78, 64-73.
Short, J., Williams, E., & Christie, B. (1976). The social psychology of telecommunications. London: Wiley.
Slater, M. (2009). Place illusion and plausibility can lead to realistic behaviour in immersive virtual environments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 364(1535), 3549-3557.
Slater, M. (2018). Immersion and the illusion of presence in virtual reality. British journal of psychology (London, England: 1953), 109(3), 431-433.
Slater, M., Rovira, A., Southern, R., Swapp, D., Zhang, J. J., Campbell, C., & Levine, M. (2013). Bystander responses to a violent incident in an immersive virtual environment. Plos one, 8(1), e52766.
Slater, M., Spanlang, B., Sanchez-Vives, M. V., & Blanke, O. (2010). First person experience of body transfer in virtual reality. Plos one, 5(5), e10564.
Sourander, A., Klomek, A. B., Ikonen, M., Lindroos, J., Luntamo, T., Koskelainen, M., . . . Helenius, H. (2010). Psychosocial risk factors associated with cyberbullying among adolescents: A population-based study. Archives of general psychiatry, 67(7), 720-728.
Stavroulia, K.-E., Ruiz-Harisiou, A., Manouchou, E., Georgiou, K., Sella, F., & Lanitis, A. (2016). A 3D virtual environment for training teachers to identify bullying. In Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON), 2016 18th Mediterranean.
Stevens, V., Van Oost, P., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2000). The effects of an anti-bullying intervention programme on peers` attitudes and behaviour. Journal of adolescence, 23(1), 21-34.
Stueber, K. (2013). Empathy. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2018 Edition ed.).
Tamborini, R., Eastin, M., Lachlan, K., Skalski, P., Fediuk, T., & Brady, R. (2001). Hostile thoughts, presence and violent virtual video games. In International Communication Association, Washington, DC.
Tamborini, R., Eastin, M. S., Skalski, P., & Lachlan, K. (2004). Violent virtual video games and hostile thoughts. J. Broad. & Elec. Media, 48, 335.
Tamborini, R., & Skalski, P. (2006). The role of presence in the experience of electronic games. Playing video games: Motives, responses, and consequences, 225-240.
UNICEF. (2017). The State of the World’s Children 2017: Children in a Digital World: UNICEF.
UR (Writer). (2016). Bullying in Virtual Reality. In UR (Producer). Stockholm.
van Loon, A., Bailenson, J., Zaki, J., Bostick, J., & Willer, R. (2018). Virtual reality perspective-taking increases cognitive empathy for specific others. Plos one, 13(8), e0202442.
van Noorden, T. H., Haselager, G. J., Cillessen, A. H., & Bukowski, W. M. (2015). Empathy and involvement in bullying in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Journal of youth and adolescence, 44(3), 637-657.
Vannucci, M., Nocentini, A., Mazzoni, G., & Menesini, E. (2012). Recalling unpresented hostile words: False memories predictors of traditional and cyberbullying. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(2), 182-194.
Vorderer, P., Wirth, W., Gouveia, F. R., Biocca, F., Saari, T., Jäncke, F., . . . Hartmann, T. (2004). MEC spatial presence questionnaire (MEC-SPQ): Short documentation and instructions for application. Report to the European community, project presence: MEC (IST-2001-37661), 3.
Wirth, W., Hartmann, T., Böcking, S., Vorderer, P., Klimmt, C., Schramm, H., . . . Gouveia, F. R. (2007). A process model of the formation of spatial presence experiences. Media psychology, 9(3), 493-525.
Wong, C.-T., Cheng, Y.-Y., & Chen, L.-M. (2013). Multiple perspectives on the targets and causes of school bullying. Educational Psychology in Practice, 29(3), 278-292.
Zych, I., Baldry, A. C., Farrington, D. P., & Llorent, V. J. (2018). Are children involved in cyberbullying low on empathy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of research on empathy versus different cyberbullying roles. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 45(2019), 83-97.
Zych, I., Ttofi, M. M., & Farrington, D. P. (2019). Empathy and callous–unemotional traits in different bullying roles: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 20(1), 3-21. |
