政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/124967
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  全文笔数/总笔数 : 113311/144292 (79%)
造访人次 : 50927869      在线人数 : 917
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
搜寻范围 查询小技巧:
  • 您可在西文检索词汇前后加上"双引号",以获取较精准的检索结果
  • 若欲以作者姓名搜寻,建议至进阶搜寻限定作者字段,可获得较完整数据
  • 进阶搜寻


    请使用永久网址来引用或连结此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/124967


    题名: 日本提高消費稅及降低法人稅稅率之探討
    A Study on Japan`s Increase in Consumption Tax Rate and Reduction in Corporate Tax Rate
    作者: 李建德
    Lee, Chien-Te
    贡献者: 黃明聖
    Huang, Ming-Shenq
    李建德
    Lee, Chien-Te
    关键词: 消費稅
    法人稅
    租稅結構
    財政餘絀
    社會保障
    Consumption tax
    Corporate tax
    Tax structure
    Fiscal surplus or deficit
    Social security
    日期: 2019
    上传时间: 2019-08-07 16:54:26 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 2012年底安倍晉三出任日本首相,以大膽的金融政策、機動的財政政策以及喚起民間投資的成長戰略為施政主軸,被稱為安倍三支箭,亦稱為「安倍經濟學」 (Abenomics),在税制改革上則以提高消費稅稅率及降低法人稅稅率等兩項特別受到關注。
    消費稅稅率偏低,面對人口老齡化、社會保障支出快速增加的沈重負擔,提高消費稅率以增加財政收入有其迫切的需要。自2010年起,菅直人首相開啟了社會保障與稅制改革一體化的議題。2012年,野田佳彥首相通過了以提高消費稅率為核心的改革法案,消費稅稅率從2014年4月起將分成兩階段調增,野田佳彥卻因增稅改革導致敗選下台。2012年12月,安倍晉三出任首相,如期於2014年4月將消費稅稅率自5% 調升為8%,但原定於2015年10月起將消費稅稅率調升至10%,則因考量經濟情勢變化,延至2019年10月起實施。
    法人稅有效稅率相對於其他國家則為偏高,不利於企業的國際競爭力,在全球化的潮流之下,產業及資金外移造成空洞化的現象。安倍內閣為實現其喚起民間投資的成長戰略,積極降低法人稅稅率,以提升企業競爭力,作為支撐景氣復甦的力量。
    日本的租稅結構以直接稅為主,間接稅為輔。相對於直接稅,提高如消費稅等間接稅,稅基涵蓋社會各階層納稅人,可以使日本的租稅結構更趨合理。而提高消費稅稅率及降低法人稅稅率的稅制政策走向,在租稅結構上已有明顯之改變,對於日本的經濟及財政將產生何種影響,為本研究探討的焦點。
    本研究實證分析發現,日本降低法人稅稅率,減少課徵直接稅,對於經濟成長是有利的。提高消費稅稅率,間接稅占稅收總額的比率增加,對於改善日本的財政赤字是有幫助的。而老齡化及少子化造成的工作人口比率下降,以及因應高齡化社會而逐年增加的社會保障支出負擔,兩者對於經濟成長及財政收支皆有不利的影響。
    Since the end of 2012, Shinzo Abe began serving as the prime minister of Japan. His policy agenda involves implementing a bold monetary policy, flexible fiscal policy and a growth strategy that encourages private investments, which is known as the Abe’s Three Arrows, or also coined “Abenomics”. His strategy to increase consumption tax rate and decrease corporate tax rate is one that has gained particular attention.
    With a relatively low consumption tax rate and in face of an ageing population as well as the increasing burden of social security costs, there is a pressing need to raise consumption tax rate in order to increase public revenue. From 2010, prime minister Naoto Kan raised the issue of social security and tax reform and in 2012, prime minister Yoshihiko Noda passed the reform bill to raise consumption tax rate. The plan was to increase consumption tax rate in two phases beginning from April 2014, though Yoshihiko Noda subsequently lost the election due to the consumption tax hike reform. In December 2012, Shinzo Abe was elected prime minister and consumption tax rate was increased from 5% to 8% as planned in April 2014. However, the planned increase to 10% in October 2015 was postponed to be implemented in October 2019 due to changes in economic circumstances.
    Japan has a higher effective corporate tax rate as compared with other countries, which is adverse to enterprises’ international competitiveness. As the world moves towards globalization, the moving-out of industries and capital has resulted in a hollowing out phenomenon. As such, to implement the growth strategy that encourages private investments, Abe’s cabinet has actively decrease corporate tax rate to boost enterprise competitiveness in order to stimulate economic recovery.
    Japan’s tax structure is divided into direct tax and indirect tax, with direct tax comprising a higher proportion than the latter. In comparison to direct tax, raising indirect taxes, such as consumption tax, involves a tax base that covers all taxpayers from different sectors of society, which will allow Japan to move towards establishing a more reasonable tax structure. We can already see that the tax policy to hike consumption tax and cut corporate tax has had a significant change on tax structure. Therefore, the aim of this study is to focus on such impacts on Japan’s economy as well as its financial and political system.
    Through empirical analyses, this study has found that decreasing corporate tax rate and reducing direct tax is beneficial to the growth of Japan’s economy. Raising consumption tax rate represents an increasing share of total tax revenue and is conducive to Japan’s fiscal deficit. In addition, issues of a reduced working population due to ageing and a low birth rate as well as the increasing burden of social security costs in face of an ageing society are both adverse to economic growth and fiscal income and expenditure.
    參考文獻: 一、中文部分
    王肇蘭、徐偉初 (2004),經濟成長極大化之租稅負擔及租稅結構-台灣實證分析。經社法制論叢 (34),77-100。
    任耀庭 (2018),21世紀日本對外經濟政策(二版)。台北,翰蘆圖書。
    林明進 (2014),日本提高消費稅率對其財政與經濟影響之研究。國立政治大學行政管理碩士學程碩士論文。
    姚名鴻、陳文典、林秀娟 (2013),公共投資、租稅政策與台灣經濟成長。經濟與管理論叢,9 (1),77-102。
    施錦芳 (2013),日本提高消費稅的動因影響及展望。日本學刊,(2),87-101。
    孫克難 (2002),台灣租稅結構有效稅率與經濟成長。財稅研究,34 (3),20-32。
    孫克難 (2005),台灣的稅制改革與租稅公平。中華戰略學刊,94年冬季刊,36-73。
    單珮玲、蔡碧連 (2013),租稅結構對經濟成長的影響-以台灣的稅制為例。當代財政,(30),38-52。
    黃允成 (2013),統計學-原理與運用(初版)。台北,雙葉書廊。
    黃明聖 (2013),日本提高加值型營業稅稅率之探討。當代財政,(36),39-46。
    黃明聖、黃淑惠 (2018),租稅法規-理論與實務(九版)。台北,五南圖書。
    黃明聖、施燕 (2018),總體經濟學(初版)。台北,雙葉書廊。
    楊奕農 (2017),時間序列分析-經濟與財務上之運用(三版)。台北,雙葉書廊。
    葉庭碩 (2004),從OECD國家租稅結構改變看台灣地區租稅體制之改革。國立政治大學行政管理碩士學程碩士論文。
    經建會人力規劃處 (2013),全球人口老化之現況與趨勢。台灣經濟論衡,11 (10),27-34。
    劉慶瑞 (2009),戰後日本經濟的發展軌跡:從戰後廢墟、經濟奇蹟到新挑戰的質性分析(初版)。台北,致良出版社。
    劉慶瑞 (2017),安倍經濟學之成果與日本經濟展望。全球政治評論,特集5,55-76。
    潘炎城 (2008),日本1990年代以來財政政策之有效性。國立政治大學財政學系碩士論文。
    蔡金宗 (2011),日本提高消費稅的影響與思考。中國財政,(18),72-73。
    蔡增家 (2004),日本轉型-九0年之後政治經濟體制的轉變(初版)。台北,五南圖書。
    鄭景文 (2014),日本因應高齡社會之稅制改革。財稅研究,43 (6),120-139。
    謝文盛 (2012),租稅結構對我國經濟成長的影響。真理大學經濟學系財經碩士班碩士論文。
    羅時萬 (2000),財政收支與所得分配對臺灣經濟成長影響的探討。國立政治大學經濟學系博士論文。
    蘇顯揚 (2015),日本調降法人稅的影響與未來課題。經濟前瞻,(158),72-76。
    蘇顯揚、劉慶瑞、魏聰哲、呂慧敏 (2014),日本安倍經濟學的內涵與影響。財團法人台北外匯市場發展基金會委託研究計畫。

    二、英文部分
    Arnold, J. (2008), Do Tax Structures Affect Aggregate Economic Growth?, 0OECD Economics Department Working Papers No. 643. OECD Press.
    Hill, R. C.; W. E. Griffiths and G. G. Judge (2001), Undergraduate Econometrics, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Keen, M.; M. Pradhan; K. Kang and R. de Mooij (2011), Raising the Consumption Tax in Japan: Why, When, How? IMF Staff Discussion Note.SDN/11/13, International Monetary Fund Press.
    Lee, Y. and R. H. Gordon (2005), Tax Structure and Economic Growth, Journal of Public Economics, 89: 1027-1043.
    Mendoza, E. G.; G. M. Milesi-Ferretti and P. Asea (1997), On the Ineffectiveness of Tax Policy in Altering Long-run Growth: Harberger’s Superneutrality Conjecture, Journal of Public Economics, 66(1), 99-126.
    OECD (2018), Tax Policy Reforms 2018- OECD And Selected Partner Economies, OECD Press.
    Skinner, J. (1987), Taxation and Output Grorwth Evidence from African Countries, NBER Working Paper, No. 2335, NBER Press.
    Wang, P. and C. K. Yip (1992), Taxation and Economic Growth: The Case of Taiwan, American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 51(3): 317-331.

    三、網站及網路電子化資料
    nippon.com 日本網 (2016),引入消費稅與增稅的歷史,2019年4月21日,取自:https://www.nippon.com/hk/features/h00013/
    OECD (2018), Consumption Tax Trends 2018 VAT/GST and Excise Rates, Trends and Policy Issues. Retrieved April 4, 2019, from https://www.oecd.org/tax/consumption-tax-trends-19990979.htm
    OECD Tax Database, http://www.oecd.org/tax/tax-policy/tax-database.htm
    日本內閣府網站,https://www.esri.cao.go.jp
    日本東京都主稅局網站,http://www.tax.metro.tokyo.jp
    日本首相官邸網站,http://www.kantei.go.jp
    日本國稅廳網站,https://www.nta.go.jp
    日本經濟新聞中文版 (2017),日本向美法看齊擬下調法人稅至20%,2019年4月21日,取自:http://zh.cn.nikkei.com/politicsaeconomy/economic-policy/28210-2017-12-05-09-35-52.html
    日本總務省網站,http://www.soumu.go.jp
    木寺元 (2018),為什麼日本的消費稅率低於OECD平均水準,2019年4月6日,取自:https://www.nippon.com/hk/in-depth/a05702/
    竹中治堅 (2012),消費稅增稅法案成立的意義及理由,2019年4月8日 ,取自:http://www.nippon.com/hk/currents/d00048/
    行政院勞工委員會職業訓練局勞動力辭典,http://laborpedia.evta.gov.tw
    姜超、李金柳、宋瀟 (2018),日本的嚐試,我們的啟示―日本財政政策的比較,2019年4月6日,取自:https://www.htsec.com/jfimg/colimg/upload/20181106/60731541468515669.pdf
    神田慶司、鈴木準 (2014),法人税率引き下げと日本経済-税率引き下げの効果を期待できる政策体系が重要,大和総研調査季報2014年夏季号 (15),26-47。2019年4月21日 ,取自:https://www.dir.co.jp/report/research/economics/japan/20140901_008877.pdf
    財政部網站,https://www.mof.gov.tw
    輕部謙介 (2017),金融危機過去20年:我們得到了什麼教訓?,2019年4月6日 ,取自:https://www.nippon.com/hk/currents/d00360/?pnum=1
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    行政管理碩士學程
    106921034
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106921034
    数据类型: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU201900273
    显示于类别:[行政管理碩士學程(MEPA)] 學位論文

    文件中的档案:

    档案 大小格式浏览次数
    103401.pdf1884KbAdobe PDF20检视/开启


    在政大典藏中所有的数据项都受到原著作权保护.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - 回馈