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    Title: 從誹謗與公正審判比較中美兩國法律對言論出版自由的保護與限制
    Authors: 羅文輝
    Contributors: 新聞學研究
    Keywords: 人格權;大陸法系;公正審判;海洋法系;實質惡意;誹謗
    Date: 1988-03
    Issue Date: 2019-05-16 15:23:58 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 由於我國法律屬「大陸法系」,美國法律屬「海洋法系」,本文旨在比較兩國法律關於「誹謗」及「公正審判」的差異。就誹謗而言,兩國的「免責條件」有以下不同:(1)在美國法規中,原告必須證明新聞報導的錯誤,而新聞只要報導的是實情,就不構成誹謗;(2)在美國,「政府官員」及「公眾人物」控告新聞界誹謗時,必須證明新聞界的錯誤言論是基於「實質惡意」;(3)美國法律認為,人死以後即尚失了「人格權」,因此,親屬不得對已死之人提出誹謗訴訟。就公共審判而言,則有以下差異:(1)美國法院只有在聯邦綱領的三項原則下才能關閉法院;(2)美國法院有權在必要時禁止參與審判的人把消息透露給新聞界,但新聞界則有權報導任何合法得到的消息,包括了不公開訴訟之案件。
    Relation: 新聞學研究, 40, 15-34
    Data Type: article
    Appears in Collections:[Mass Communication Research] Articles

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