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    題名: 大陸外商投資企業法制之修正與評析：以中外合資經營企業法暨實施條例為中心
    A Study on the Latest Amendments to the Laws of Foreign-Capital Enterprises: Focusing on the Law of the People`s Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures and Regulations for the Impl
    作者: 王文杰
    Wang, Wen-Chieh
    貢獻者: 中國大陸研究
    關鍵詞: 世界貿易組織;中外合資經營企業法;當地含量條款;外匯平衡
    WTO;Law of the PRC` on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures;Export performance requirement;exchange balancing requirement
    日期: 2003-09
    上傳時間: 2019-05-08 09:41:57 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 改革開放以來，對於發展中國家的大陸，將引進外資作為經濟發展不可替代的政策選擇，外商投資企業陸續進入之際，對於大陸經濟發展產生深遠影響，大陸並逐步建構出相關的法律體系作為引導與管理。燃大陸外商投資企業法律體系的規範本身，基於開放之際仍為計劃經濟體制的背景，致使法令濃後體現計畫經濟體制的思維，並賦予行政機關的高度審判管治。二○○一年底，大陸正式加入WTO，其在加入WTO所做的相關承諾以及所要參加的協定，將影響著大陸新一波引進外國投資的做法。對於大陸而言，成為WTO成員意味著將由有範圍、有限制領域的局部開放轉向全方位、多層次的對外開放，由以國內規則為基礎的開放，轉向以國際規則為基礎的開放；由試典型、政府主導型的計畫經濟為主體的開放格局，走向以市場經濟、以企業家為本位和法律為框架的對外開放；由單方面自主，及按自己的時間表對外開放，走向與WTO成員、世界經濟全球化、經濟改革一體化的對外開放；由所謂以「中國國情」、「中國特殊性」的對外開放，走向以國際通行的規範對外開放；由過去用改革來推動對外開放，走向已開放來促進改革。這也鮮明地展現在加入WTO以前對於三個外商投資企業法的修法之上，這些修法內容很大程度影響著外商對於大陸投資的佈局。同質性極高的三個外商投資企業法，在WTO規範下所做的相關法律修正，已趨近於實質性立法。這些修法內容以退卻行政管制為導向，契合WTO規範為中心，回歸已經逐步完整的法例體系規費為對應。惟外商投資企業法的修正，欠缺已回歸公司治理的精神為導向，這是其不足之處。
    China, as a developing county, regards attracting foreign investments as the most important policy for its economic development. With more and more foreign capital flowing into China and influencing its economy greatly, the laws regulating foreign investments and enterprises are in the process of being systematically established. However, due to the historical background of a planned economy, all laws regarding foreign investments and enterprises were still made under the idea of planned economy and the government regulating authority was vastly grated. At the end of 2001, China finally entered into the WTO. The commitments made and the agreements signed by China will change the way it introduces foreign investment into the country. Becoming a member of the WTO means that China has to make some essential reforms. It has been observed that china has gradually discarded its limited and sectional openness and will adopt in a comprehensive and multilateral scale an open attitude toward the rest of the word. Most people believe that international rules will prevail over national regulations. China progressively abandons the government-controlled economy and embraces capitalism and an entrepreneurial market. Besides, since the law is a fundamental framework for economic activities, the unilateral and impenetrable policy-making process will become a story in the past; instead, in the coming future, China will synchronize with the WTO and the global economic mechanisms. Those reformations improve China`s opening process; the openness is going to give feedback to China`s reformation ad finem. The said observations and assertions are especially supported by the amendments of the three acts that regulate foreign investment before China entered the WTO. Most of all, these amendments greatly influence the overall arrangements of foreign investors. To comply with the regulations and agreements of the WTO, China amended recently the three laws regarding foreign-capital enterprises with the main focus on loosing government control. The only imperfection in the amendment this time is that Law of Foreign-Capital Enterprises excludes the Function of the board in a company.
    關聯: 中國大陸研究, 46(5), 105-125
    資料類型: article
    顯示於類別:[中國大陸研究 TSSCI] 期刊論文

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