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| Title: | 刑事偵查「第三人原則」與「隱私之合理期待」─以偵查機關向網路服務提供者調取非內容性通訊資料為例
‘’Third Party Doctrine’’and ‘’Reasonable Expectation of Privacy’’ ─ The Law Enforcement`s Acquisition of Non-Content Communication from Internet Service Providers. |
| Authors: | 陳妏瑄
Chen, Wun-Syuan |
| Contributors: | 何賴傑
He, Lai-Jier
陳妏瑄
Chen,Wun-Syuan |
| Keywords: | 非內容性通訊資料
第三人原則
合理隱私期待
同意原則
自願性揭露
使用限制
定量隱私權
馬賽克理論
執法機關取得第三人紀錄標準
人際交往隱私權
Non-content communication
Third-Party doctrine
Reasonable eXpectation of privacy
Consent
Voluntary disclosure of information
Use restrictions
Quantitative privacy
The Mosaic theory
LEATPR standards
Interpersonal privacy |
| Date: | 2018 |
| Issue Date: | 2018-09-03 15:53:36 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 隨著資訊科技設備彙整、分析數據的能力逐漸成形，「非內容性通訊資料」的使用價值逐步提升，足以描繪個人完整生活圖像而成為偵查取證的指向，反映在取證問題上，如何平衡犯罪訴追與被告、犯罪嫌疑人隱私權保障，即是法律所面臨的極大挑戰。本文為了釐清我國通保法規範通信紀錄內涵的妥適性，由通保法所保障之「合理隱私期待」角度切入，就偵查機關向網路服務提供者調取非內容性通訊資料的議題，納入「網路服務提供者」與「非內容性通訊資料」元素後，刑事偵查中被告「合理隱私期待」之保障範圍應透過哪些「要素」作為判準。基此，「合理隱私期待」既為我國繼受美國法制觀點所生概念，故借助美國法院實務與學理之發展，作為議題討論之方向。
以第三人為平台取證的案件中，受美國第三人原則影響甚深，本文考察該原則歷史生成與理論適用之困境，透過學理與實務所提出的各種方法論，試圖修正該原則，分由「合理隱私期待」之「主觀」、「客觀」面相，重新剖析、檢討其內涵，並提出可供參考之指標性要素，藉此反思台灣通信紀錄法制規範。
Nowadays, science and technology are making huge strides every day. The ability of collecting and analyzing data is taking shape. The value of "non-content communication " has gradually increased, which is enough to depict a complete life image of a person. Finally, it becomes the target of the law enforcement agency to collect evidence. How to balance the goal of chasing crime and defending the defendant’s privacy is the great challenge. In order to clarify the appropriateness of the Taiwan’s Communication Security and Surveillance Act about regulating non-content communication, this article discussed from the perspective of "reasonable expectation of privacy " guaranteed by Communication Security and Surveillance Act. After joining ‘’internet service providers’’ and ‘’non-content communication’’ in the issue of the law enforcement`s acquisition of non-content communication from internet service providers, what new elements would be in the reasonable expectation of privacy in criminal investigation is really a difficult question. In the view of the "reasonable expectation of privacy " is not only the concept of Taiwan`s legal system, but also the development of the US court practice and academics. Therefore, this article based on the foundation of American law perspective.
In the case of collecting evidence through a third party, deeply influenced by the Third-Party Doctrine of the United States. This article examined the historical contex and dilemma of theoretical application of Third-Party Doctrine. Trying to correct this principle through various methodologies proposed by theory and practice. Reanalyzing and reviewing the "subjective" and "objective" aspects of "reasonable expectation of privacy " and proposing new elements for reference, thereby rethinking the legal norms of Taiwan`s Communication Security and Surveillance Act about regulating non-content communication. |
| Reference: | 參考文獻
英文
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中文
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二、 期刊
1. 王士帆(2015)，偵查機關木馬程式：秘密線上搜索─德國聯邦最高法院刑事裁判BGHSt 51,211譯介，司法周刊，1779期，頁2-3。
2. 王士帆(2016)，網路之刑事追訴─科技與法律的較勁，政大法學評論，145期，頁339-390。
3. 朱志平(2017)，GPS定位追蹤於刑事偵查程序之運用及其授權基礎－－從臺灣高等法院高雄分院105年度上易字第604號刑事判決出發，法令月刊，68卷，9期，頁93-133。
4. 何賴傑(2012)，論德國刑事程序「線上搜索」與涉及電子郵件之強制處分，月旦法學雜誌，208期，頁230-244。
5. 何信慶(2014)，從立法審議過程談新修正通訊保障及監察法，司法新聲，第111期，頁27-50。
6. 李榮耕(2010)，論偵查機關對通信紀錄的調取，政大法學評論，115卷，頁115-147。
7. 李榮耕(2012)，電磁紀錄的搜索及扣押，國立臺灣大學法學論叢，41卷，3期，頁1055-1116。
8. 李榮耕(2014)，簡評二○一四新修正的通訊保障及監察法─一次不知所為何來的修法，月旦法學雜誌，227期，頁148-174。
9. 李榮耕(2015)，科技定位監控與犯罪偵查─兼論美國近年GPS追蹤法制及實務之發展，臺大法學論叢，44卷，3期，頁871-969。
10. 李榮耕(2016)，電信事業對於通訊監察的協助義務，月旦刑事法評論，1期，頁29-46。
11. 李榮耕(2016)，數位資料及附帶搜索－以行動電話內的資訊為例，臺北大學法學論叢，100 期，頁245-322。
12. 李震山(2007)，挪動通訊保障與通訊監察天平上的法碼─釋字第六三一號解釋評析，臺灣本土法學雜誌，98卷，頁283-291。
13. 李萬明(2008)，昨日法制與今日科技─通訊保障及監察法於網路監察客體適用之探討，法學新論，2期，頁87-117。
14. 李惠宗(2008)，裁判書上網公開與個人資訊自決權的衝突，月旦法學雜誌，第154期，頁21-34。
15. 李惠宗(2013)，個人資料保護法上的帝王條款─目的拘束原則，法令月刊，64卷，1期，頁37-61。
16. 李治安(2010)，當法律漫步在雲端，法學新論，25期，頁49-65。
17. 李寧修(2015)，防性通信資料存取之憲法界限─以歐盟儲備性資料存取指令(2006/24/EG)之發展為借鏡，興大法學17卷，頁87-140。
18. 法思齊(2011)，美國法上數位證據之取得與保存，東吳法律學報，22 卷，3 期，頁95-147。
19. 林鈺雄(2004)，從基本權體系論身體檢查處分，臺大法學論叢，33，卷3期，頁149-200。
20. 林鈺雄(2007)，干預保留與門檻理論─司法警察(官)一般調查權限之理論檢討，政大法學評論，96期，頁189-232。
21. 林鈺雄(2008)，論通訊之監察─評析歐洲人權法院相關裁判之發展與影響，東吳法律學報，19卷，4 期，頁109 - 152。
22. 林鈺雄(2013)，通訊監察之修法芻議——通訊保障及監察法之部分修正條文一，萬國法律，192卷，頁25-39。
23. 林裕順(2018)，GPS 偵查法治化研究，月旦裁判時報，68 期，頁12-23。
24. 吳志強(2013)，全面鎖定之監聽偵蒐─從制度面尋求犯罪偵查與維護秘密通信、隱私權平衡，萬國法律，192期，頁2-24。
25. 邱文聰(2009)，從資訊自決與資訊隱私的概念區分─評「電腦處理個人資料保護法修正草案的結構性問題」，月旦法學雜誌，168期，頁172-189。
26. 施育傑(2017)，強制處分庭的若干問題──兼論將來修正建議，月旦裁判時報，55期，頁47-58。
27. 許恒達(2013)，GPS抓姦與行動隱私的保護界限──評臺灣高等法院一○○年度上易字第二四○七號刑事判決，月旦裁判時報，24卷，頁59-78。
28. 莊佳瑋(2014)，含基地台地址之通聯紀錄是否屬於合理隱私之期待？─美國第五巡迴上訴法院裁定(724 F.3d 600)，檢察新論，16卷，頁190-202。
29. 張麗卿(2014)，通訊保障及監察法之修正與評析，月旦法學雜誌，229期，頁25-45。
30. 張陳弘(2016)，已公開個人資料之隱私保護可能─司法陽光網引發的隱私保護爭議，法令月刊，67卷，9期，頁143-164。
31. 張陳弘(2018)，新興科技下的資訊隱私保護：「告知後同意」原則的侷限性與修正方法之提出，臺大法學論叢，47卷，1期，頁201-297。
32. 溫祖德(2015)，行動電話內數位資訊與附帶搜索－以美國聯邦最高法院見解之變遷為主，月旦法學雜誌，239期，頁198-220。
33. 楊雲驊(2007)，二十四小時之計算，月旦法學教室，53期，頁22-23。
34. 劉定基(2014)，雲端運算與個人資料保護─以台灣個人資料保護法與歐盟個人資料保護指令的比較為中心，東海大學法學研究，42期，頁53-106。
35. 劉靜怡(2010)，雲端運算趨勢與個人資訊隱私保護，全國律師，14卷，2期，頁39-52。
36. 劉靜怡(2012)，政府長期追蹤與隱私保障，月旦法學教室，116期，頁9-11。
37. 劉靜怡(2013)，通保法究竟保護了誰？司法改革雜誌，99卷，頁30-33。
38. 劉靜怡(2014)，只是勉強及格而已─二○一四年通保法修正評析，月旦法學雜誌，232期，頁5-17。
39. 劉靜怡(2015)，違規取締與個人資訊自決權─桃園地方法院行政訴訟一○三年度交字第五四號判決，月旦裁判時報，37期，頁5-12。
40. 劉靜怡(2000)，網際網路時代的資訊使用與隱私權保護規範：個人、政府與市場的拔河，資訊管理研究，4卷，3期，頁137-161。
41. 劉靜怡(2017)，通訊監察與民主監督：歐美爭議發展趨勢之反思，《歐美研究》47卷，1期，頁43-106。
42. 劉芳伶(2016)，遠距搜索扣押與令狀之明示特定，東海大學法學研究，49期，頁45-96。
43. 劉孔中；趙晞華(2014)，通訊保障及監察法修正意旨之辯證與再修正方向之檢視，軍法專刊，60卷，3期，頁37-48。
44. 鄭逸哲、黃沛文(2014)，動機雖屬正當，立法未免粗糙─簡評通保法關於「調取行為」之修正，月旦法學雜誌，232期，頁18-27。
45. 蔡彩貞( 2017)，定位科技在刑事司法程序之運用與人權保障─以利用GPS追蹤為中心，月旦裁判時報，65卷，頁62-78。
46. 鍾安(2015)，美國法對網路匿名表意者的身分揭露程序，憲政時代，41卷，1期，頁 103-144。
47. 陳運財(2014)，偵查法體系的基礎理論，月旦法學雜誌，229期，頁5-24。
48. 陳重言(2014)，刑事追訴目的之通信(通聯)紀錄調取與使用─兼評2014年初通保修法，檢察新論，16期，頁40-59。
49. 陳起行，資訊隱私權法理探討─以美國法為中心，政大法學評論，64期，頁299(2000年)。
50. 謝碩駿(2012)，論私人參與國家機關之資訊蒐集活動─以線民之遴選應用及電信業者之協力義務為中心，高大法學論叢，7卷，2期，頁145-204.
51. 謝志明(2014)，從美國法觀點看通聯記錄的調閱─兼評我國新修正通訊保障及監察法第11條之1，檢協會訊，99期，頁9-12。
52. 蕭奕弘(2012)，論個人資料保護法的法制性問題，成大法學，23期，頁141-191。
三、 碩論
1. 鍾孝宇(2017)，巨量資料與隱私權─個人資料保護機制的再思考，國立政治大學法律學系碩士班論文。
2. 錢世傑(2002)，網路通訊監察法制與相關問題研究，中原大學財經法律學系碩士學位論文。
3. 張本立(2012)，資訊時代下個人資料保護法益之研究─以我國個人資料保護法為中心，台灣大學科際整合法律學研究所碩士論文。
四、 其他資料
Dr. J，頻寬的定義，科技台灣，2012年09月30日，http://hightech.nccu.edu.tw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=304:access-network&catid=20:2010-06-13-14-30-05&Itemid=13
FBI為調查斯諾登 曾迫加密電郵公司交出密鑰，關鍵評論網，2016年03月21日，https://www.thenewslens.com/article/38598
司法院官網，http://www.judicial.gov.tw/juds/
余至浩，邊緣運算會顛覆雲端運算嗎？，iThome，2017年06月08日，http://www.ithome.com.tw/news/114625
行政院官網，智慧聯網https://www.bost.ey.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=FDCD0AE1B7596F11&sms=8470D4E99B0FB08E&s=E20C76D2B1B65345
薛智仁(2018)，GPS跟監、隱私權與刑事法─評最高法院106年度台上字第3788號刑事判決，第二屆《公法學與刑事法學之交錯》研討會，中原大學財經法律學系主辦，2018年03月16日。
黃哲翰，數位利維坦君臨的前夕，端傳媒，2016年06月17日：https://theinitium.com/article/20160617-opinion-huangdschergan-digital/
關貿第46期電子報，巨量資料新生活：http://www.tradevan.com.tw/wpm/DownloadFiles/07-Finance/report/1400205067726.pdf |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
法律學系
1036510581 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1036510581 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/THE.NCCU.LAW.027.2018.F10 |
| Appears in Collections: | [法律學系] 學位論文
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