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    題名: 驅動工業4.0之IT能力影響商業模式創新之研究:基於動態能力的觀點
    Effects of Industry 4.0-enabled IT Capability on Business Model Innovation: In Dynamic Capability View
    作者: 李宜靜
    Lee, Yi-Ching
    貢獻者: 李易諭
    季延平

    Lee, Yih-Yuh
    Chi, Yan-Ping

    李宜靜
    Lee, Yi-Ching
    關鍵詞: 工業4.0
    資訊科技能力
    動態能力
    商業模式創新
    動態環境
    日期: 2018
    上傳時間: 2018-08-29 15:46:53 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 由於德國工業4.0概念的興起,帶動了全球組織與產業鏈的新一波變革,對製造業從生產過程到策略決策乃至於商業模式各個層面產生巨大的影響。製造業是台灣產業發展重要支柱之一,在經濟和社會發展中佔有十分重要的地位。受到工業4.0及紅色供應鏈的產業因素與一例一休及法定薪資調漲等政策因素的影響,近來產業競爭愈加激烈,台灣製造業面臨不同以往的經營環境,現有資訊基礎建設、企業管理方式及商業經營模式,都受到更嚴峻的考驗。因此,企業必須透過不斷的動態調整核心競爭優勢,設法為產品與服務升級轉型,以適應新的商業環境和競爭態勢,才能持續在瞬息萬變的商業環境中生存發展,避免陷入被市場淘汰的困境當中。
    隨著資訊科技及競爭優勢理論的不斷發展,資訊科技與企業經營管理的關係日益密切。資訊科技已從企業獲取競爭優勢的途徑,轉變為企業競爭優勢的核心價值,資訊科技在企業策略層面的重要性不斷提升。在工業4.0智慧製造的浪潮下,新科技的採用與資訊科技的整合儼然成為企業持續掌握先機並強化經營體質的關鍵。當資訊科技成為工業上更深層的應用,工業生產趨向智慧化、個人化、數位化,過去以人為導向的操作方式已朝智慧自動化製造的方向轉變,建立高度彈性的人機協作生產模式,傳統認定的上下游界限正逐漸模糊,產業鏈分工亦被重組並創造出新的價值,促使商業活動與合作模式的改變與創新。為此,企業除了須持續強化基礎工業技術、加強軟硬體設備支援資訊科技協作與分析的能力,同時須將既有的核心能力有系統地數位化轉型升級,使企業在高度不確定的環境中仍具有動態調整的能力,以進行利基型的商業模式創新。
    過去學者從不同的理論觀點對商業模式創新議題進行研究,在學術及實務的應用上累積了豐碩的成果。然而商業模式創新議題涉及層面廣泛,目前工業4.0相關研究以導入策略及應用層面為主,對於導入所帶來的組織轉變、相對應能力的發展、對商業模式創新的影響程度,以及導入的過程中可能面臨的挑戰,存在深入探討的空間。因此,本研究為探討企業導入工業4.0相對應之IT能力發展,以文獻彙整建構出驅動工業4.0之IT能力三大構面與八項準則,透過德爾菲法凝聚6位產官學專家共識,重新定義了企業導入工業4.0所需具備之IT能力內涵,再藉由層級分析法進一步收集20份專家問卷,建立IT能力之重要性排序。同時,本研究亦針對台灣製造業在工業4.0高度變動的背景下,以資源基礎為理論脈絡的動態能力觀點建立結構方程模型,針對企業資訊科技能力、動態能力、動態環境和商業創新模式之間的關係進行實證研究,最終取得有效問卷102份進行資料分析。此外,為加強檢驗IT能力三大構面之相對重要性,基於結構方程模型的假設支持,研究進一步驗證了驅動工業4.0之IT能力三大構面對動態能力的影響。
    研究結果顯示,在驅動工業4.0之IT能力三大構面中,以IT基礎設施能力最為關鍵,基於IT之智慧能力亦有其重要性,而IT人力資源能力則位居第三,此結果與其在結構方程模型中對動態能力的影響,得到相似的結果驗證;在八項準則中,以IT策略規劃能力與同步預警能力最為關鍵。IT策略規劃能力確保企業從產線收集來的資料得到良好分析,並能為支援管理決策所用;IT之同步預警能力能增進組織內外的溝通協調,對內透過同步預警機制即時監控,有效及時地排除生產障礙以提升良率。對外則透過有條件之資料同步,縮短並簡化與供應鏈及客戶之間溝通所需時間與作業流程。此外,IT能力越強、環境變動越劇烈,越有利於企業動態能力的形成,而動態能力會以顯著的中介機制增進商業模式創新,原因在於動態能力的形成促使企業具備感知、學習、整合與創新的能力,進而為企業帶來理念、組織、業務上的可能創新。
    本研究除了在學術上將工業4.0的背景引入動態能力及資訊科技理論,豐富其完整性,使其因地制宜、與時俱進,實務上亦透過調查分析結果,期盼能為企業在轉型時期提供可能的解決方案,進而為台灣製造業帶來新價值與競爭優勢。
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    二、中文部分
    工業4.0工作組 (2013)。把握德國製造業的未來,實施工業4.0攻略的建議。波昂:德國聯邦教育及研究部。
    方衛紅 (2012)。IT能力理論文獻綜述。經營與管理,11,136-139。
    王森信、楊文華、徐茂練 (2008)。企業資源及動態能力對於產品創新績效的影響─以台灣中部地區中小企業為例。發表於林文燦(主持),管理類論文發表。產業管理創新研討會,台中市,台灣。
    王磊 (2015)。企業資訊化領導力形成機理及對競爭優勢的影響研究(博士論文)。吉林大學,長春。
    王璐 (2013)。基於大資料的商業模式創新案例研究(博士論文)。北京郵電大學,北京。
    余楓 (2008)。以動態能力為仲介的資訊技術驅動的企業戰略轉型研究—以券商經紀業務為例(博士論文)。同濟大學,上海。
    宋文娟 (2001)。一種質量並重的研究法:德菲法在醫務管理學研究領域之應用。醫務管理期刊,2(2),11-19。
    李正衛 (2003)。動態環境條件下的組織學習與企業績效(博士論文)。浙江大學,浙江。
    李傑著、邱伯華(譯) (2015)。工業大數據:工業4.0時代的工業轉型與價值創造。北京:機械工業出版社。
    李隨成、楊功慶 (2008)。IT 能力及資訊共用對企業間研發合作的影響研究。科研管理,29(4),55-63。
    沈永言 (2011)。商業模式理論與創新研究(博士論文)。北京郵電大學,北京。
    邱皓政 (2006)。量化研究與統計分析。台北:五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
    金勇進、梁燕 (2008)。顧客滿意度模型估計的PLS和LISER:北京市居民滿意度評估系統研究階段成果。中國人民大學,北京。
    胡豔曦、曾楚宏 (2008)。論商業模式創新中的組織合法性。學術研究,9,55-58。
    翁君奕 (2004)。商業模式創新。北京:經濟管理出版社。
    荊浩、賈建鋒 (2011)。中小企業動態商業模式創新—基於創業板立思辰的案例研究。科學學與科學技術管理,32(1),67-70。
    高闖、關鑫 (2006)。企業商業模式創新的實現方式與演進機理—一種基於價值鏈創新的理論解釋。中國工業經濟,11,83-90。
    張忠謀 (2008)。九個條件打造世界級企業。臺北:遠見雜誌。
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    張嵩、李文立、黃麗華 (2004)。電子商務環境下企業IT 基礎設施能力的構成研究。電腦集成製造系統,11,1459-1465。
    張鶴達 (2008)。基於資源觀的IT能力對企業績效的影響機制研究(博士論文)。吉林大學,長春。
    曹紅軍、趙劍波 (2008)。動態能力如何影響企業績效—基於中國企業的實證研究。南開管理評論,6,54-65。
    陳文基、忻展紅、申志偉 (2011)。基於經典紮根理論的商業模式研究。北京郵電大學學報社會科學版,3,81-88。
    陳明哲 (2016)。學術創業:動態競爭理論從無到有的歷程。中大管理研究,(3),1-16。
    陳建斌、方德英、汪惠 (2010)。企業IT 能力系統動態演變的分析模型研究。管理評論,3,63-68。
    陳建斌、黃愛華、方德英 (2007)。多元化企業 IT 協同能力構成及其形成機理研究。外國經濟與管理,29(10),26-31。
    陳建斌、鄭麗、張淩雲 (2014)。智慧景區IT 能力模型及其核心構成研究。旅遊科學,28(1),14-21。
    曾萍、宋鐵波 (2014)。基於內外因素整合視角的商業模式創新驅動力研究。管理學報,11(7),989-996。
    曾萍、李明璿、劉洋 (2016)。政府支援、企業動態能力與商業模式創新:傳導機制與情境調節。研究與發展管理,28(4),31-38。
    曾萍、鄧騰智、宋鐵波 (2013)。社會資本、動態能力與企業創新關係的實證研究。科研管理,4,50-59。
    曾楚宏、朱仁宏、李孔嶽 (2008)。基於價值鏈理論的商業模式分類及其演化規律。財經科學,6,102-110。
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    劉文良 (2012)。管理資訊系統 (第二版)。台北:碁峰資訊。
    劉剛、劉靜 (2013)。動態能力對企業績效影響的實證研究—基於環境動態性的視角。經濟理論與經濟管理,3,83-94。
    劉雪鋒 (2007)。網路嵌入性與差異化戰略及企業績效關係研究(博士論文)。浙江大學,浙江。
    蔡子龍、束洪春 (2013)。智慧電網IT 能力成熟度模型及其模糊綜合評價研究。昆明理工大學學報自然科學版,38(6),68-73。
    鄧振源、曾國雄 (1989)。層級分析法(AHP)的內涵特性與應用(上)。中國統計學報,27(6),5-22。
    蕭文龍 (2013)。統計分析入門與應用:SPSS中文版與PLS-SEM(SmartPLS)(初版)。 台灣:碁峰資訊。
    簡禎富 (2014)。決策分析與管理:紫式決策分析以全面提升決策品質(第二版)。台北:雙葉書廊。
    簡禎富、林國義、許鉅秉、吳政鴻 (2016)。台灣生產與作業管理之相關期刊文獻回顧與前瞻:從工業3.0到工業3.5。管理學報,33(1),87-103。
    羅瑉、曾濤、周思偉 (2005)。企業商業模式創新:基於租金理論的解釋。中國工業經濟,7,73-81。
    龐長偉、李垣、段光 (2015)。整合能力與企業績效:商業模式創新的仲介作用。管理科學,28(5),31-41。

    三、網頁部分
    IBM (2006)。最佳化 IT 來達成業務目標。取自http://www.935.ibm.com/services/tw/cio/pdf/optit_wp_gts_itoptimization_tc.pdf
    Stragegy& (2015)。【思略特觀點】德國、美國、中國:三個“工業4.0”有何不同。取自http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_62eca3670102wbr4.html
    工業4.0俱樂部 (2015)。專訪李傑教授:工業大數據與工業4.0時代的價值創造。取自https://read01.com/3zGnMy.html
    夷萍 (2015)。工業4.0你的公司成熟度幾何? 取自http://bmr.cb.com.cn/zhuanlan2/2015_0911/1148778.html
    科技產業資訊室 (2015)。探討工業4.0方程式:6C+6M。取自http://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/Post/Read.aspx?PostID=10861
    張博欽(2017)。紅色供應鏈對台灣產業之影響評估。取自http://www.twse.com.tw/ch/products/publication/download/0003000156.pdf
    清科研究中心 (2016)。《2016工業4.0海外投資報告》發布:上半年我國以60億歐元佈局德國。取自http://gongkong.ofweek.com/2016-08/ART-310000-12000-30026307.html
    經理人 (2016)。一顆「荷包蛋」,教你想清楚產品創新這回事。取自 https://www.managertoday.com.tw/books/view/52881
    經濟部統計處 (2017)。105年第四季製造業產值統計。取自http://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/dos/bulletin/Bulletin.aspx?kind=7&html=1&menu_id=6726&bull_id=2852
    鼎新電腦 (2015)。工業4.0互聯網加速產業變革,邁向智能智造。取自http://mag.digiwin.com/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD4-0-%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2-%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD%E8%AE%8A%E9%9D%A9-%E9%82%81%E5%90%91-%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%99%BA%E9%80%A0/
    閱讀最前線 (2016)。用《工業大數據》,發現台灣製造業的蛋白商機。取自https://news.readmoo.com/2016/08/01/big-data-brings-industry-4-0/
    羅蘭貝格戰略諮詢公司 (2015)。工業 4.0:歐洲將如何取得新工業革命的勝利。取自http://www.gisti-thinkbank.ac.cn/admin/upload/20150327-%E7%BD%97%E5%85%B0%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E5%92%A8%E8%AF%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83.pdf
    描述: 博士
    國立政治大學
    企業管理學系
    98355512
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098355512
    資料類型: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/DIS.NCCU.BA.004.2018.F08
    顯示於類別:[企業管理學系] 學位論文

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