政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/118810
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  全文笔数/总笔数 : 113311/144292 (79%)
造访人次 : 50920336      在线人数 : 889
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
搜寻范围 查询小技巧:
  • 您可在西文检索词汇前后加上"双引号",以获取较精准的检索结果
  • 若欲以作者姓名搜寻,建议至进阶搜寻限定作者字段,可获得较完整数据
  • 进阶搜寻


    请使用永久网址来引用或连结此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/118810


    题名: 黨國體制下的中國軍事指揮權
    Military Command Power in Party-State China
    作者: 徐肇松
    Xu, Zhaosong
    贡献者: 陳起行
    Chen, Chi-Shing
    徐肇松
    Xu, Zhaosong
    关键词: 軍事指揮權
    中央軍事委員會
    行政權
    文官控制軍隊
    中華人民共和國憲法(1982)
    黨國體制
    Military command power
    Central Military Commission
    Executive power
    Civilian control of military
    Constitution of the People`s Republic of China (1982)
    Party-state regime
    日期: 2018
    上传时间: 2018-07-23 16:51:53 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 在中國憲法中,軍事指揮權的歸屬是一個尚未解決的問題。中華人民共和國憲法(1982)將軍隊指揮體系排除在行政機關之外。中央軍事委員會(中央軍委)指揮全國武裝力量(第93條),而作為行政機關的國務院“領導和管理國防建設事業”(第89條第10款)。對憲法文本的解釋,不能支持政府擁有軍隊指揮權的論點。相反,中央軍委獨佔軍事指揮權。

    比較研究發現,從軍事指揮權的憲法安排大致可以分為三類:行政機關控制型、軍令權獨立型,以及折中型。中國大陸的設計屬於軍令權獨立型,因為它將軍事指揮完全賦予一個行政機關外的憲法機關。

    從憲政主義的精神來看,行政機關控制型在追求民主正當性、效率以及自由人權保護上表現最佳,而軍令權獨立型則表現最差。相應的,軍令權獨立型所具有的問題也反應在中國大陸的實務之中。此外,在社會變遷,政治現實以及憲法學說演進的情況下,當初建立中央軍委的憲法目的不能實現。所以,大陸的憲法改革勢在必行。

    大陸的憲法改革者應該引入行政機關控制模式,以促進治理效率以及軍事行動的政治責任。首先,把軍事指揮權分配給國務院,並且確立從總理經由國防部長到聯合參謀部參謀長的指揮鏈條。其次,增強國會對軍事行動的監督,以防止行政機關濫用軍事權力。
    The allocation of military command power in Chinese constitutional law is an unsolved question. The Constitution of P. R. China (1982) segregates the military command system from the executive. The Central Military Commission (CMC) commands the armed forces of China (Article 93), while the executive branch, the State Council retains the authority “to direct and administer the building of national defence” (Article 89 (10)). An interpretation of the constitutional text cannot support the thesis that the government can command the military. Instead, the CMC has the exclusive authority over military command.

    From a comparative perspective, the constitutional arrangement of military command power can be subsumed into three types: the executive control model, the independence of military command model and the middle model. The Chinese design is the model of independence of military command, because it allocates military command completely to a constitutional institution other than the executive.

    In the lens of constitutional interests, the executive control model performs best to pursue values of democratic legitimacy, effectiveness and protection of liberty and human rights, while independence model performs worse. Accordingly, these shortcomings of independence model are also reflected in Chinese practice. Furthermore, the constitutional purposes for setting up the CMC fails by virtue of social changes, political reality and evolution of constitutional theory. Therefore, a constitutional reform for China is imperative.

    Chinese constitutional reformers should introduce the executive control model to facilitate effectiveness and political accountability of military actions. The first step is to allocate military command power to the State Council and set up a chain of command from the Premier through the Defence Minister to the Chief of Joint Staff. The second step is to enhance parliamentary oversight on executive deployment of military, in order to prevent the executive from abuse of military power.
    參考文獻: English Literature
    Ackerman, Bruce, The New Separation of Powers, 113 HARV. L. REV. 633 (2000).
    Ackerman, Bruce, Good-bye, Montesquieu, in COMPARATIVE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 128 (Susan Rose-Ackerman and Peter L. Lindseth eds. 2010)
    Barber, Nicholas W., Prelude to the Separation of Powers, 60 CAMBRIDGE LAW JOURNAL 59 (2001).
    Barron, David J. and Martin S. Lederman, The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb: Framing the Problem, Doctrine, and Original Understanding, 121 HARV. L. REV. 689 (2008).
    Cheung, Tai Ming, The Riddle in the Middle : China`s Central Military Commission in the 21st Century, in PLA INFLUENCE ON CHINA`S NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY-MAKING 84 (Phillip C. Saunders and Andrew Scobell eds., 2015).
    Choudhry, Sujit and Richard Stacey, Semi-Presidentialism as Power-Sharing: Constitutional Reform after The Arab Spring, THE CENTER FOR CONSTITUTIONAL TRANSITIONS AT NYU LAW & INTERNATIONAL IDEA REPORTS: CONSTITUTIONAL DESIGN IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA 124 (2014). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3025968.
    Craig, Paul and Adam Tomkins, Introduction, in THE EXECUTIVE AND PUBLIC LAW: POWER AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE 1 (Paul Craig and Adam Tomkins eds., 2006).
    Ginsburg, Tom and Alberto Simpser, Introduction: Constitutions in Authoritarian Regimes, in CONSTITUTIONS IN AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES 1 (Tom Ginsburg and Alberto Simpser eds., 2014).
    House of Lords Constitution Committee, WAGING WAR: PARLIAMENT’S ROLE AND RESPONSIBILTY (15th Report Session 2005–2006), Volume I: Report (2006)
    House of Lords Constitution Committee, WAGING WAR: PARLIAMENT’S ROLE AND RESPONSIBILTY (15th Report Session 2005–2006), Volume II: Evidence (2006)
    Ji, You, The PLA and Diplomacy: Unravelling Myths about the Military Role in Foreign Policy Making, 23 JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY CHINA 236 (2014).
    Knapp, Andrew and Vincent Wright, THE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS OF FRANCE (5th ed, 2006).
    Kou, Chien-wen, Xin Jinping in Command: Solving the Principal-Agent Problem in CCP-PLA Relations?, 232 THE CHINA QUARTERLY 866 (2017).
    Law, David S. and Mila Versteeg, Sham Constitutions, 101 CALIF. L. REV. 863 (2013).
    Li, Nan, Chinese Civil-Military Relations in the Post-Deng Era, 4 CHINA MARITIME STUDIES 1, 28 (2010).
    Lin, Yan and Tom Ginsburg, Constitutional Interpretation in Lawmaking: China`s Invisible Constitutional Enforcement Mechanism, 63 AM. J. COMP. L. 467, 472 (2015).
    Liu, Chenglin, The Development of Chinese Constitutionalism, 48 ST. MARY’S L.J. 199 (2016)
    Luban, David, On the Commander in Chief Power, 81 S. CAL. L. REV. 477 (2008)
    Martinez, Jenny S., Horizontal Structuring, in THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (Michel Rosenfeld and András Sajó eds., 2012).
    Miyake, Masaki, Theories of Civil-Military Relations as Related to Japan and a Comparison with Germany`s Case, 59 SEIKEI RONSŌ 184 (1990). Available at https://m-repo.lib.meiji.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10291/13255/1/seikeironso_59_1-2_(1).pdf.
    Möllers, Christoph, THE THREE BRANCH: A COMPARATIVE MODEL OF SEPARATION OF POWERS (2013).
    Paltiel, Jeremy T., Civil-Military Relations in China: An Obstacle to Constitutionalism?, 9 J. CHINESE L. 35 (1995).
    Prakash, Saikrishna Bangalore, The Separation and Overlap of War and Military Powers, 87 TEX. L. REV. 299, 352 (2008).
    Saunders, Phillip C. and Andrew Scobell, Introduction: PLA Influence on China’s National Security Policymaking, in PLA INFLUENCE ON CHINA`S NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY-MAKING 1 (Phillip C. Saunders and Andrew Scobell eds., 2015).
    Shambaugh, David, Civil-Military Relations in China: Party-Army or National Military?, 16 THE COPENHAGEN JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES 10 (2002).
    Skach, Cindy, The “Newest” Separation of Powers: Semipresidentialism, 5 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 93, 97 (2007).
    Turpin, Colin and Adam Tomkins, BRITISH GOVERNMENT AND THE CONSTITUTION (6th ed, 2007).
    White, Nigel, DEMOCRACY GOES TO WAR: BRITISH MILITARY DEPLOYMENTS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW (2009).
    Wurman, Ilan, Constitutional Administration, 69 STAN. L. REV. 359
    Zhang, Qianfan, A Constitution without Constitutionalism? The Paths of Constitutional Development in China, 8 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 950 (2010).
    Zickel, Raymond E., ed., SOVIET UNION: A COUNTRY STUDY (2nd ed, 1991).

    German Literature
    Barth, Eberhard, Die Stellung der Streitkräfte im Staat, Zeitschrift für Politik 1954.
    Hesse, Konrad, Grundzüge des Verfassingsrechts der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Neudruck der 20. Aufl. 1999.
    Kirchhof, Ferdinand, Verteidigung und Bundeswehr, in: Handbuch des Staatsrechts der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 2006.
    Maunz/Dürig/Epping, 81. EL September 2017, GG Art. 65a.
    Roemer, Walter, Die neue Wehrverfassung, JuristenZeitung 1956.
    Stern, Klaus, Das Staatsrecht der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Band II), 1980.

    Chinese Literature
    王旭,國家監察機構設置的憲法學思考,中國政法大學學報第5期(總第61期),頁132-143,2017年。
    田思源,行政法視野下國防行政體制的改革,甘肅政法學院學報,總第97期,頁15-20,2007年9月。
    李翔,俄制東輸:國民黨軍隊黨軍體制的起源(1917-1923),民國檔案第3期,頁67-77,2016年。
    李麟,統帥權——歷史省思與文義辯證,載:軍事法理論與實務,頁51-74,台北:新學林,2005年。
    林繼東,中華民國憲法逐條釋義(第二冊),台北:三民書局,1992年,修訂5版。
    周葉中主編,憲法(第二版),北京:高等教育出版社,2005年。
    胡錦光、韓大元,中國憲法(第二版),北京:法律出版社,2007年。
    姜華峰,新中國軍事領導體制的創建與向蘇聯的學習,中國社會科學院研究生院博士學位論文,2015年5月。
    馬嶺,我國現行憲法中的軍事權規範,法治論叢,第26卷第2期,頁1-15,2011年3月。
    馬嶺,論國務院和中央軍委的國防權——對憲法第89條第10項和第93條第1款的解釋,載:法律方法與法律思維,頁128-139,北京:法律出版社,2012年。
    袁新濤,黨對軍隊的絕對領導與軍委主席負責制的形成和發展,黨的文獻第4期,頁104-113,2016年。
    陳斯喜、劉松山,憲法確立國家中央軍事委員會的經過,法學第2期,頁3-6,2001年。
    陳新民,憲法“統帥權”之研究——由德國統帥制度演進之反省,載:軍事憲法論,頁3-65,台北:揚智文化2000年。
    陳新民,法治國家的軍隊——兼論德國軍人法,載:軍事憲法論,頁67-156,台北:揚智文化2000年。
    陳新民,憲法學釋論,頁494-497,台北:三民書局,2015年,修正8版。
    許崇德,《中華人民共和國憲法》釋義,北京:人民出版社,1993年4月。
    許崇德、胡錦光、李元起、任進、韓大元編,憲法(第三版),北京中國人民大學出版社,2007年。
    張千帆,憲法學導論:原理與應用,北京:法律出版社,2004年。
    張千帆,憲法學講義,北京:北京大學出版社,2011年。
    張建田,完善憲法有關中央軍委之規定問題探討,河南財經政法大學學報,第6期(總第146期),頁1-16,2014年。
    張翔,我國國家權力配置原則的功能主義解釋,中外法學第30卷第2期,頁281-303,2018年。
    傅達林,國務院與中央軍委國防軍事權的劃分——以“國防”的憲法解釋為線索,法學第9期,頁16-25,2015年。
    黃鈡,憲法視角下的毛澤東與劉少奇,炎黃春秋第7期,頁26-34,2013年。
    翟志勇,國家主席、元首制與憲法危機,中外法學第27卷第2期,頁349-366, 2015年。
    鄧小平,黨和國家領導制度的改革,載:鄧小平文選(第二卷),頁320-343,北京:人民出版社,1994年。
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法律科際整合研究所
    104652032
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104652032
    数据类型: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/THE.NCCU.LAWID.002.2018.F10
    显示于类别:[法律科際整合研究所] 學位論文

    文件中的档案:

    档案 大小格式浏览次数
    203201.pdf1509KbAdobe PDF2317检视/开启


    在政大典藏中所有的数据项都受到原著作权保护.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - 回馈