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| Title: | 勞工貴族的反抗：澳門博彩業工運的研究
Resistance of Labor Aristocracy: A Study of the Casino Labor Movement in Macao |
| Authors: | 廖志輝
Lio, Chi-Fai |
| Contributors: | 苗延威
Miao, Yen-Wei
廖志輝
Lio, Chi-Fai |
| Keywords: | 博彩工運
構框
集體認同
政治機會結構
澳門
Casino labor movement
Framing
Collective identity
Political opportunity structure
Macao |
| Date: | 2018 |
| Issue Date: | 2018-07-18 11:13:27 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 自主權回歸與博彩經營權開放後，澳門經歷了顯著的經濟與社會發展，然而社會抗爭卻也從不缺席，勞工抗爭則是當中的主力。2014年，來自主要產業、被視為「勞工貴族」的博彩業勞工發動持續半年的抗爭行動，成為澳門回歸後參與規模最大的勞工抗爭。本文的目的則是釐清這波「博彩工運」的興起和衰落原因與過程。
本文的資料來源包括：官方檔案與統計數據、新聞報導、社交媒體內容、訪談、田野筆記和既有研究等。透過社會運動研究的理論視角對以上資料進行解釋，本文認為工運的過程牽涉以：(1)運動組織者以「反外勞」為主框架形成的集體認同；(2)行動者在運動中對機會與威脅的認知；(3)兩場發生在本地和香港的社會運動對工運的深遠影響。
首先，得益於植根社會的反外勞情緒，工運組織者在靈活運用新媒體作為動員渠道的情況下，將員工的日常勞動不滿與大眾情緒結合並提昇為集體認同。其次，澳門「反離補運動」造成的政治機會既阻礙了政權對工運的打壓，也促進了工運的動員力。然而，既有的主框架卻間接限制了參與者形成更堅實的團結，香港「雨傘運動」的爆發更意外地奪走了重要的動員資源，其溢出效果更進一步導致工運內部意識形態的分裂。
另一方面，透過分析回歸至今(2000年-2016年)的抗爭事件，本文發現澳門勞工抗爭長期呈現低動員力、溫和與議題導向的特徵，原因在於官方能利用正式與非正式手段，有效管理勞工組織，這些手段亦同時被使用於博彩工運，並限制了工運的發展。
This research aims to examine Macao’s casino labor movement in the mid-2010s. After being returned to China and opening up the casino market in 1999, Macao has witnessed a rapid socio-economic growth, and at the same time, labor protests against the capitalists and the state powerholders have mushroomed. In 2014, thousands of casino employees, or the so-called “labor aristocracy”, have been mobilized in a series of protests that Macao people have never experienced during the “Reunification” era. Focusing on this protest and putting it into a broad labor movement context in Macao, we adopt a theoretical perspective of social movements to get a more meaningful analysis. Our data sources include official documents and statistics, newspaper reports, social media such as Facebook, interviews with movement participants and relevant informers, field notes, and related literature. We find that three elements are particularly significant in the contentious process of Macao’s casino labor movement: (1) the master frame of anti-imported labor that movement organizers used to shape their collective identity; (2) contentious activists’ perceptions toward threats and opportunities for the movement, and (3) the influences of other-issue-oriented protests occurred both in Macao and Hong Kong during the same period. This research also finds that labor protests in Macao, including the casino labor movement, can be characterized as “low mobilized, moderate, and issue-oriented”, in the sense that the authority was capable of influencing the labor unions by various means. Thus the unions need to empower themselves in the future. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
東亞研究所
102260021 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1022600211 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/THE.NCCU.EAS.001.2018.A06 |
| Appears in Collections: | [東亞研究所] 學位論文
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| 021101.pdf | 2594Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 751 | View/Open |
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