政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/118271
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  全文笔数/总笔数 : 113451/144438 (79%)
造访人次 : 51272674      在线人数 : 894
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
搜寻范围 查询小技巧:
  • 您可在西文检索词汇前后加上"双引号",以获取较精准的检索结果
  • 若欲以作者姓名搜寻,建议至进阶搜寻限定作者字段,可获得较完整数据
  • 进阶搜寻
    政大機構典藏 > 理學院 > 心理學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/118271


    请使用永久网址来引用或连结此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/118271


    题名: 「喪親」與「家」的現象召喚及流變關係探究:癌症喪親主體視域
    Exploring the phenomenology and the becoming relations of ‘bereavement’ and ‘home’ towards the cancer death event: from phenomenological psychology perspective
    作者: 高舒
    Kao, Shu
    贡献者: 林耀盛
    Lin, Yaw-Sheng
    高舒
    Kao, Shu
    关键词: 喪親

    現象學心理學
    具身化
    倫理行動
    Bereavement
    Home
    Phenomenological psychology
    Embodiment
    Ethical acts
    日期: 2018
    上传时间: 2018-07-03 17:31:07 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 關於喪親經驗,悲傷輔導或治療等適應性觀點,始終存在著主觀/客觀的界定難題,忽視研究主體是受苦者的現身情態。本研究首先探討國內文獻資料相關喪親主體的經驗現象,發現「關係」是喪親主體經驗中的重要主題。而這當中涉及的時間性議題,需進一步探究。循此,本研究透過現象學心理學視域,在關係的面向上,探究「喪親」,並給出關係的重要場域「家」。方法上,本研究透過半年的追蹤訪談,訪談六位具不同喪親時間、不同喪親對象的癌症喪親家屬,藉以擴大樣本變異性,思考現象的多重可能。取樣有兩位受訪家屬為兄妹,故本研究包含六位癌症喪親家屬,五個癌症喪親家庭。資料蒐集後,以李維倫與賴憶嫺(2009)的現象學分析方法進行分析。研究結果發現,六位受訪家屬各自的經驗樣貌中,共通的現象底蘊為:(1)與過世親人之間的關係流變與位移;(2)悲悼乃喪親主體時空混織的記憶與存在處境;(3)死亡映照出家的流動性,而家又給出流變中永恆連結的感受;(4)喪親主體個人生命史的現身與開展。此外,奠基上述四個普遍結構,本研究發現喪親主體的憶思和敘說,在其具身化的倫理行動,以及居家感的歸返過程,呈顯由「朝向不在場的過去」到「朝向無論在場與否的經驗及他者」,以及由「朝向他者」到「朝向我們(他者-自我)與自我」的經驗轉置,且這樣的經驗流變歷程,是一種整體性的匯流。本研究認為悲悼的本質,乃是「存有」的問題,而喪親主體與逝者之間持續性的倫理關係,是超越內化或外化的區隔連結,一種「以身嵌缺」的具身化連結。循此,悲悼沒有終結的時刻,喪親主體的心思地景,乃是永恆的流變。臨床實務上,本研究認為面對喪親主體的悲悼經驗,應解除情緒中心的思考模式,而記憶與象徵性他者的促發、以家為單位的經驗關照,亦為可能提供幫助的方向。
    This research aims to enrich understanding to the experiences of ‘bereavement’ / ‘grief experiences’ towards the bereaved family after the cancer death event. Nowadays, most of the grief counseling or intervention is adopted the adaptive view. However, there are subjectively / objectively defined dilemma, as well as the controversy over the concealment of disclosive feelings of the bereaved. Then this study further reviewed the subjective experiences of the bereaved revealed by domestic documents, which conclude that ‘relations’ is undoubtedly an important issue in this domain. However, the key point –temporality– still needs to be explored. Thus, through the phenomenological psychology approach, this study aims to explore the experiences with regard to ‘bereavement’ and ‘home’, and shed light on ethical relations between the bereaved and the deceased. The researcher adopted qualitative depth interview to collect the data, and a 6-month follow-up. Six cancer bereaved family members were recruited, including a pair of siblings. The results indicate there are four general structures emerge from the analysis of narrative data. Moreover, based on these four general structures, the participants would share some common processes. Throughout the embodied ethical acts and the homeward journey of homelikeness, the memories and narratives of the cancer bereaved family are presented from ‘towards the absence of the past’ to ‘towards present and the other’, and from ‘toward the other’ to ‘toward us (other-self) and self’. These becoming relations is a confluence and iteration process. This study considers the essence of grief to be ‘ontology’. And the continuing ethical relationship between the bereaved and the deceased is an embodiment bond that transcends internalized and externalized continuing bond. Therefore, the bereavement is an endless life-experience. The suggestions and implications were discussed from the results and conclusions.
    參考文獻: 王應棠(2009)。棲居與空間:海德格空間思維的轉折。地理學報,55,25-42。
    朱瑞玲、章英華(2001,7月)。華人社會的家庭倫理與家人互動:文化及社會的變遷效果。論文發表於「華人家庭動態資料庫學術研討會」。台北:中央研究院經濟研究所、國科會社會科學研究中心主辦。
    朱紅文、李捷(譯)(2009)。時間之謎(原作者:Jaques, E.)。載於Hassard, J.(主編),時間社會學(頁3-19)。北京:北京師範大學。(原著出版年:1990)
    汪文聖(2007)。一葉一如來:精神病院研究個案所反映的醫護現象學意義。應用心理研究,34,113-144。
    余德慧(2001)。《詮釋現象心理學》。台北:心靈工坊文化。
    余德慧、李維倫、林耀盛、余安邦、陳淑惠、許敏桃、謝碧玲、石世明(2004)。倫理療癒作為建構臨床心理學本土化的起點。本土心理學研究,22,253-352。
    余德慧、林耀盛(2012)。生死學在台灣的文化沉思。載於廖欽彬(主編),台日國際研討會特集 : 朝往東亞的生死學(頁46-63)。日本:東京大學研究所人文社會系研究科。
    余德慧、陳斐卿(1996)。人緣:中國人舞台生活的秩序。本土心理學研究,5,2-46。
    余德慧、彭榮邦(2002)。從靈知象徵領域談哀傷的抒解。載於余德慧(主編),台灣巫宗教的心靈療遇(頁187-225)。台北:心靈工坊文化。
    余德慧、顧瑜君(2000)。父母眼中的離合處境與現代倫理意涵。應用心理學研究,6,173-211。
    余安邦、余德慧(2008)。文化及心理療癒的本化生成。載於余安邦(主編),本土心理與文化療癒──倫理化的可能探問(頁1-56)。台北:中央研究院民族學研究所。
    李佩怡(2014)。探討「夢見逝親」現象對喪慟之心理療癒。安寧療護,19,47-66。
    李維倫(2004)。作為倫理行動的心理治療。本土心理學研究,22,359-420。
    李維倫(2014)。從「人的心理是什麼?」談起:淺談現象學心理學。人社東華,4。取自ttp://journal.ndhu.edu.tw/e_paper/e_paper.php
    李維倫(2015)。柔適照顧的時間與空間:余德慧教授的最後追索。本土心理學研究,43,175-220。
    李維倫(2016)。從實證心理學到實踐心理學:現象學心理學的本土化知識之道。台灣心理諮商季刊,8(2),1-15。
    李維倫、賴憶嫺(2009)。現象學方法論:存在行動的投入。中華輔導與諮商學報,25,275-321。
    李秉倫、黃光國、夏允中(2015)。建構本土哀傷療癒理論:儒家關係主義和諧哀傷療癒理論。諮商心理與復健諮商學報,28,7-33。
    吳嘉瑜(2005)。配對研究的行與思-以一個受訪家庭為例。輔導與諮商學報,27(2),71-92。
    宋文里(譯)(2016)。關係的存有:超越自我.超越社群(原作者:Gergen, K. J.)。台北:心靈工坊。(原著出版年:2009)
    林耀盛(2000)。地震之後,千禧之始:重探「心理(學)」與「諮商(學)」的共構關係。應用心理學研究,5,165-193。
    林耀盛(2001)。非此非彼:初探心理學的人論其及意義。應用心理學研究,9,55-85。
    林耀盛(2002)。眾弦俱寂,唯一高音?反思質性研究。應用心理學研究,13,1-7。
    林耀盛(2005)。說是一物即不中:從倫理性轉向療癒觀點反思震災存活者的悲悼歷程。本土心理學研究,23,259-317。
    林耀盛(2006)。聆聽受苦之聲:從“咱們”關係析究慢性病照顧。應用心理研究,29,183-212。
    林耀盛(2011)。幽緲邊界下的創慟處境:探究九二一震災身心障礙者的失能體驗與喪親經驗。身心障礙研究季刊,9,177-192。
    林耀盛(2012a)。曹溪一滴水:時間、影像、聲音的共振返響。應用心理研究,55,1-11。
    林耀盛(2012b)。正常與存有:精神病理的反思實踐。身心障礙研究,10(3),226-238。
    林耀盛(2012c)。因應多樣性與效用性:慢性病門診病人的疾病因應方式。生死學研究,13(3),83-119。
    林耀盛(2016a)。實證論陰影及其超越:迂迴或直面。臺灣心理諮商季刊,8(2),36-43。
    林耀盛(2016b)。字化成宇:從象徵到真實。中央大學人文學報,61,27-53。
    林耀盛、吳英璋(2004)。雙重變奏曲:探究「九二一」地震「失親家毀」受創者之心理經驗現象。中華心理衛生學刊,17(2),1 - 41。
    林耀盛、邱子芸(2015)。臨終處境的陪伴轉化:癌末病患及其照顧者心理經驗與存在現象探究。中華心理衛生學刊,28(2),189 - 219。
    林耀盛、張維真(2015)。八八水患災後心理療癒:排灣族受災者存有經驗的現象探索。哲學與文化,44(8),85-102。
    林耀盛、侯懿真、許敏桃(2011)。悲悼的歧義:癌症新近喪偶者的心理反應經驗探究。生死學研究,11,1-40。
    林書如、陳慶福(2014)。一位兒童期喪親青少年哀傷經驗之敘說研究。家庭教育與諮商學刊,17,61-89。
    林耀盛、蔡逸鈴(2012)。不可承受之重:癌末主要照顧者的心思經驗探究。教育與心理學研究,35(3),37-66。
    侯懿真(2006)。悲悼的歧義-癌症新近喪偶者傷勢療癒歷程的建構詮釋(碩士論文)。高雄醫學大學行為科學研究所,高雄市。
    徐欣萍(2012)。華人互動關係中的緣分運作及其心理適應歷程。本土心理學研究,37,57-97。
    陳正國(譯)(1997)。生與死的雙重變奏:人類生命策略的社會學詮釋(原作者:Bauman, Z.)。台北市:東大。(原著出版年:1992)
    陳榮灼(2004)。道家之「自然」與海德格之「Er-eignis」。清華學報,34,245-269。
    陳采熏(2012)。逝者真疛已矣?青壯年喪偶者與逝者持續性連結經驗之研究(碩士論文)。國立交通大學教育研究所,新竹市。
    張寧(譯)(2004)。書寫與差異(原作者:Derrida, J.)。台北:麥田出版。(原著出版年:1972)
    許敏桃、余德慧、李維倫(2005)。哀悼傷逝的文化模式:由連結到療癒。本土心理學研究,24,74-84。
    郭素青、蔡洧沂、唐秀治(2014)。癌症末期病患照顧者之喪親後憂鬱歷程及其影響因素。腫瘤護理雜誌,14,31-41。
    項退結(1990)。《海德格》。台北:東大圖書公司。
    彭榮邦(2000)。牽亡:惦念世界的安置與撫慰(碩士論文)。國立東華大學族群關係與文化研究所,花蓮縣。
    黃聖哲(2008,4月)。海德格論事件。論文發表於「理論與實務:現象學研討會」。台北:國立政治大學哲學系主辦。
    黃應貴(2014)。導論。載於黃應貴(主編),21世紀的家:臺灣的家何去何從?(頁1-31)。台北:群學。
    黃淑清、修慧蘭(2003)。失落之探討:以青少年期父母親過世的成人為例。應用心理學研究,20,217-238。
    楊國樞(1997)。心理學研究的本土契合性及其相關問題。本土心理學研究,8,75-120。
    楊婉儀(2016)。過渡與開端——從萊維納斯觀點探問《存在與時間》之此在與存有論意涵。哲學與文化,43(7),65-82。
    葉光輝、章英華、曹惟純(2012)。台灣民眾家庭價值觀之變遷與可能心理機制。載於伊慶春、章英華(主編),台灣的社會變遷1985-2005:家庭與婚姻,台灣社會變遷基本調查系列三之1(頁29-73)。台北:中央研究院社會學研究所。
    廖世德(譯)(2001)。凱利──個人建構理論創始人(原作者:Fransella, F.)。台北市:生命潛能文化事業有限公司。(原著出版年:1995)
    潘慧玲(2003)。社會科學研究典範的流變。教育研究資訊,11(1),115-143。
    鄧元尉(2009)。列維納斯語言哲學中的文本觀。載於賴俊雄(主編),他者哲學:回歸列維納斯(頁122-155)。台北:麥田,城邦文化。
    蔡錚雲(譯)(2005)。現象學導論(原作者:Moran, D.)。新北市:桂冠圖書。(原著出版年:2000)
    蔡錚雲(譯)(2008)。倫理師的聲影(原作者:Zaner, R.M.)。台北:政大出版社。(原著出版年:1982)
    蔡佩真(2009)。永活我心:逝者的虛擬存在與影響力之探討以父母死亡之成年喪親者為例。中華心理衛生學刊,22,411-434。
    蔡佩真(2012)。華人家庭關係脈絡中悲傷表達模式之探討:以台灣經驗為例。台灣心理諮商季刊,4(1),16-38。
    蔡逸鈴、林耀盛(2016)。臨終處境現象:一位癌症末期患者的心理經驗。應用心理學研究,64,137-224。
    劉梓潔(2010)。父後七日。台北:寶瓶文化。
    劉嘉雯、魯宓(譯)(2007)。道德的重量:不安年代中的希望與救贖(原作者:Kleinman, A.)。台北:心靈工坊。(原著出版年:2006)
    蘇絢慧(2007)。喪慟夢。台北:張老師文化。
    龔卓軍、王靜慧(譯)(2003)。空間詩學(原作者:Bachelard, G.)。台北:張老師文化。(原著出版年:1957)
    American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatry Publishing.
    Brennan, M. (2008). Mourning and disaster: Finding meaning in the mourning for Hillsborough and Diana. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars.
    Bruner, J. (1986). Actual minds, possible worlds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    Bruner, J. (1990). Acts of meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    Barak, A. & Leichtentritt, R. (2014). Configurations of time in bereaved parents’ narratives. Qualitative Health Research, 24, 1090-1101.
    Committee for the Study of Health Consequences of the Stress of Bereavement. (1984). Reactions to particular types of bereavement. In Osterweis, M., Solomon, F. & Green, M. (Eds.). Bereavement: Reactions, consequences, and care (pp.71-98). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
    Csordas, T. J. (1990). Embodiment as a paradigm for anthropology. Ethos,18, 5-47.
    Coyle, A. (2008). Introduction to qualitative psychological research. In E. Lyons, & A. Coyle (Eds.), Analyzing qualitative data in psychology. (pp. 9-30). London: SAGE Publications.
    Chan, C. L., Chow, A. Y., Ho, S. M., Tsui, Y. K., Tin, F. A., Koo, B. W., & Koo, B. W. (2005). The experience of chinese bereaved persons: A preliminary study of meaning making and continuing bonds. Death studies,29, 923-947.
    Cook, A. S., & Oltjenbruns, K. A. (1989). Dying and grieving: Lifespan and family perspectives. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc.
    Derrida, J. (2001). The Work of Mourning. Illinois: The University of Cicago.
    Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2000). Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed.). London: SAGE Publications.
    Freud, S. (1957). Mourning and melancholia. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The
    Standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. XIV) (pp.243-258). London: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1917)
    Freud, S. (1950). Remembering, repeating and working-through (Further recommendations on the technique of psycho-analysis II). In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The Standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. XII) (pp.145-157). London: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1914)
    Field, N. P., Gao, B., & Paderna, L. (2005). Continuing bonds in bereavement: An attachment theory based perspective. Death Studies, 29, 277-299.
    Granek, L. (2010). Grief as pathology: The evolution of grief theory in psychology from Freud to the present. History of Psychology, 13, 46-73.
    Granek, L. (2013). Disciplinary wounds: Has grief become the identified patient for a field gone awry? Journal of Loss and Trauma, 18, 275-288.
    Gergen, K. J. (1992). Toward a postmodern psychology. In S. Kvale (Ed.), Psychology and postmodernism (pp. 17-30). Lodon: Sage publications.
    Gergen, K. J., & Gergen, M. M. (1986). Narrative form and the construction of psychological science. In T. R. Sarbin (Ed.), Narrative psychology: The storied nature of human conduct (pp. 22-44). Westport, CT, US: Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group.
    Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and time (J. Macquarrie & E. Robinson, Trans.). New York: Harper & Row. (Original work published 1927)
    Heidegger, M. (1971). Building dwelling thinking. In A. Hofstadter (Trans.), Poetry, Language, Thought (pp. 145-161). New York: Harper & Row.
    Hentz, P. (2002). The body remembers: Grieving and a circle of time. Qualitative Health Research, 12, 161-172.
    Howitt, D. (2010). Introduction to qualitative methods in psychology. Edinburgh Gate: Pearson.
    Hsu, M. T., Kahn, D. L., & Huang, C. M. (2002). No more the same: The lives of adolescents in Taiwan who have lost fathers. Family Community Health,25(1), 43-56.
    Holzinger, A., Matschinger, H., Schomerus, G., Carta, M. G., & Angermeyer, M. C. (2011). The loss of sadness: The public’s view. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 123, 307-313.
    Holmes, T. H. & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The social readjustment rating scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213-218.
    Koch, S. (1981). The nature and limits of psychological knowledge: Lessons from a century science. American Psychologist, 36, 257-269.
    Koch, S. (1993). Psychology or psychological studies? American Psychologist, 48, 902-904.
    Kleinman, A. (2012). Culture, bereavement, and psychiatry. Lancet, 379, 608-609.
    Klass, D. (2006). Continuing conversation about continuing bonds. Death Studies, 30, 843-858.
    Klass, D., Silverman, P., & Nickman, S. L. (Eds.) (1996). Continuing bonds: New understandings of grief. Washington DC: Taylor & Francis.
    Kissane, D. W., Bloch, S., McKenzie M., McDowall, A. C., & Nitzan, R. (1998). Family grief therapy: A preliminary account of a new model to promote healthy family functioning during palliative care and bereavement. Psycho-Oncology, 7, 14-25.
    Kissane, D. W., McKenzie M., Bloch, S., Moskowitz, C., McKenzie D., & O’Neill, I. (2006). Family focused grief therapy: A randomized, controlled trial in palliative care and bereavement. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1208-1218.
    Lindemann, E. (1944). Symptomatology and management of acute grief. American Journal of Psychiatry, 101, 141-148.
    Levinas, E. (1981). Otherwise than being or beyond essence (A. Lingis, Trans.). Pittsburgh: Duquesne University. (Original work published 1974)
    Levine, S. K. (2009). Trauma, tragedy, and therapy: The arts and human suffering. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
    Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
    Merleau-Ponty, M. (1962). Phenomenology of perception (Colin Smith, Trans.). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. (Original work published 1945)
    Martin, J. F. (1996). The top ten problems of psychology. History and philosophy of psychology bulletin, 8(1), 3-10.
    McAdams, D. P. (1996). Personality, modernity, and the storied self: A contemporary framework for studying persons. Psychological Inquiry, 7(4), 295-321.
    Merrick, E. (1999). An exploration of quality in qualitative research: Are “Reliability” and “Validity” relevant? In M. Kopala, & L. A., Suzuki (Eds.), Using qualitative methods in psychology (pp. 25-36). London: SAGE Publications.
    McLean, K. C., & Thorne, A. (2006). Identity light: Entertainment as a vehicle for self-development. In D. P. McAdams, R. Josselson, & A. Lieblich (Eds.), Identity and story: Creating self in narrative (pp. 111-127). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    Neimeyer, R. A. (2000). Searching for the meaning of meaning: Grief therapy and the process of reconstruction. Death Studies, 24, 541-558.
    Nowatzki, N. R., & Kalischuk, R. G. (2009). Post-death encounters: Grieving, mourning, and healing. OMEGA,59(2), 91-111.
    Polkinghorne, D. (1988). Narrative knowing and the human sciences. Albany: State University of New York Press.
    Packman, W., Horsley, H., Davies, & Kramer, R. (2006). Sibling bereavement and continuing bonds. Death Studies, 30(9), 817-841.
    Prigerson, H. G., Horowitz, M. J., Jacobs, S. C., Parkes, C. M., Aslan, M., Goodkin, K., et al. (2009). Prolonged grief disorder: Psychometric validation of criteria proposed for DSM-V and ICD-11. PLoS Medicine, 6(8), 1-12.
    Rubin, S. S. (1985). The resolution of bereavement: A clinical focus on the relationship to the deceased. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training,22, 231-235.
    Rubin, S. S. (1999). The Two-Track Model of Bereavement: Overview, retrospect and prospect. Death Studies,23(8), 681-714.
    Rosenblatt, P. C. (1996). Grief that does not end. In Klass, D., Silverman, P., & Nickman, S. L. (Eds.). Continuing bonds: New understandings of grief (pp.45-58). Washington DC: Taylor & Francis.
    Royse, D., Thyer, B. A., Padgett, D. K., & Logan, TK (2006). Program evaluation: An introduction (4th Edition). United States: Thomson Brooks / Cole.
    Sanders, C. M. (1979). A Comparison of adult bereavement in the death of a spouse, child, and parent. Omega, 10, 303-322.
    Stroebe, M., Gergen, M. M., Gergen, K. J., & Stroebe, W. (1992). Broken hearts or broken bonds: Love and death in historical Perspective. American Psychologist, 47, 1205-1212.
    Stroebe, M., & Schut, H. (1999). The dual process model of coping with bereavement: Rationale and description. Death Studies, 23, 197-224.
    Sarafino, E. P., & Smith, T. W. (2012). Health Psychology: Biopsychosocial interactions (7th Edition). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Stroebe, M., Schut, H., & Stroebe, W. (2007). Health outcomes of bereavement. Lancet, 370, 1960-1973.
    Shear, M. K., Simon, N., Wall, M., Zisook, S., Neimeyer, R., Duan, N., ...Keshaviah, A. (2011). Complicated grief and related bereavement issues for DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety, 28, 103-117.
    Van Parys, H., Provoost, V., De Sutter, P., Pennings, G., & Buysse, A. (2017). Multi family member interview studies: a focus on data analysis. Journal of Family Therapy , 39(3), 386-401.
    Wolputte, S. V. (2004). Hang on to your self: Of bodies, embodiment, and Selves. Annual Review of Anthropology, 33, 251–269.
    Worden, J. W. (2009). Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner. (4 ed.). New York: Springer.
    Yu, L., Chiu, C. H., Lin, Y. S., Wang, H. H., & Chen, J. W. (2007). Testing a model of stress and health using meta-analytic path analysis. The Journal of Nursing Research, 15, 202-214.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    心理學系
    103752005
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103752005
    数据类型: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/THE.NCCU.PSY.001.2018.C01
    显示于类别:[心理學系] 學位論文

    文件中的档案:

    档案 大小格式浏览次数
    200501.pdf2533KbAdobe PDF2317检视/开启


    在政大典藏中所有的数据项都受到原著作权保护.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - 回馈