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    政大機構典藏 > 法學院 > 法律學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/116087
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/116087


    Title: 論競選支出管制之合憲性
    On the Constitutionality of Campaign Expenditure Regulation
    Authors: 邱品嘉
    Chiu, Pin Chia
    Contributors: 廖元豪
    邱品嘉
    Chiu, Pin Chia
    Keywords: 競選言論
    競選經費
    競選支出
    獨立支出
    政治平等
    政治腐敗
    共和主義
    多元主義
    巴克利訴瓦萊奧案
    聯合公民訴聯邦選舉委員會案
    Campaign speech
    Campaign finance
    Campaign expenditure
    Independent expenditure
    Political equality
    Political corruption
    Republicanism
    Pluralism
    Buckley v. Valeo
    Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
    Date: 2018
    Issue Date: 2018-03-02 11:50:45 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 競選支出管制體現著一國政治發展的軌跡。美國各時期的競選支出管制,皆是為了因應政治發展下無可避免的弊害。這些制度的偏離,有些源自於科技的自然發展,有些則是先前的管制的不良產物。由此可知,政治並不存在完全的「自然狀態」,制度環境深深影響著民主的運作。

    然而,美國聯邦最高法院卻不這麼認為。在目前法院的觀點中,只有「去管制化」的選舉才會是正常的政治運作。在法院的憲法解釋下,無限制的競選支出是自然狀態下的產物,因此幾乎所有的競選支出管制都是民主制度中的異物。

    不過,本文並不贊同聯邦最高法院的看法。本文指出,聯邦最高法院的憲法見解其實也只是源自多元主義的民主觀點,絕不是所謂的自然狀態。而且,與聯邦最高法院的認知不同,憲法之中其實更蘊藏著共和主義的典範。在共和主義的典範下,競選支出管制並非不容於美國憲法之中。

    回到我國,雖然競選支出管制目前仍屬於低度管制的狀態,但是基於促進政治平等與對抗政治腐敗的重要價值,勢必需要參考美國的管制經驗以改善我國當下的選舉環境。而且,與美國類似,我國憲法也蘊藏著共和主義的理念。因此,我國憲法也不會完全排斥管制競選支出。最後,本文並借鏡美國法制附帶地提出一些管制芻議,供立法參考。
    The regulation of campaign expenditure traces a country’s political development. Regulations enacted in different periods in U.S. history are intended to respond to certain inevitable maladies arising from political developments. Some of the institutional distractions come from the natural progress of technology, others are the results of previous regulations. Therefore, there is nothing “natural” in politics, democracy is deeply affected by the institutional background in which it operates.

    However, the current U.S. Supreme Court comes with a different idea. According to recent opinions of the Court, deregulated elections are the basis of the ideal political process, and unlimited expenditure is natural in politics. As a result, almost every measure to regulate campaign expenditure is abnormal in a democracy.

    This thesis disagrees with the U.S. Supreme Court’s opinions. As this thesis points out, these opinions are derived from a pluralistic view of democracy, rather than the natural status of democracy. Furthermore, contrary to the recognition of the Court, the U.S. Constitution implies a paradigm of Republicanism. Based on this paradigm, the regulation of expenditure is not “wholly foreign” to the Constitution.

    In Taiwan, campaign expenditure is still under a light touch regulation regime. However, in order to promote political equality and prevent political corruption in the election process, it is necessary to learn from the U.S. experiences. In addition, our Constitution similarly implies an idea of Republicanism to that of the U.S. Therefore, the regulation of campaign expenditure is not “wholly foreign” to our constitution, either. Building on the experiences of campaign expenditure regulation in the U.S., I believe that some legislative reform proposals are worthy of consideration.
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