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    題名: 定翼型UAV影像立體測圖精度探討
    Accuracy investigation of stereo mapping by using the fixed-wing UAV images
    作者: 顏怡和
    Yen, Yi-Ho
    貢獻者: 邱式鴻
    顏怡和
    Yen, Yi-Ho
    關鍵詞: 定翼型無人飛行載具
    非量測型數位相機
    自率光束法空三平差
    立體測圖
    基高比
    地面取像距離
    Fixed wing UAV
    Non-metric digital camera
    Self-calibration bundle aerotriangulation
    Stereo mapping
    Base-Heigh Ratio
    Ground sample distance
    日期: 2013
    上傳時間: 2018-02-02 11:31:00 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 基本地形圖測繪為國土基本資料建置項目之一，提供國土保育、規劃、防救災、民生經濟建設等高度共通性圖資。測製方式多以大型航空攝影飛機搭載量測型相機為航空攝影測量取像來源，並依據比例尺、精度、區域及需求作適當配置。而以定翼型無人飛行載具UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)航拍影像作為基本地形圖局部修測，為目前內政部國圖測繪中心發展的重點工作之一，但因定翼型UAV因酬載能力有限，搭載取像設備以非量測型相機為主，而非量測型數位相機光學鏡頭設計上因機械、光學及電子結構不若量測型數位相機設計嚴謹，應用於高精度測量工作前都必須經過相當的率定程序，本研究採取近景攝影測量程序，並以不同率定距離率定相機參數，均無法精確描述拍攝時相機參數。故進行空中三角平差皆須透過自率光束法空中三角測量平差方能改善因相機參數率定結果不精確所造成精度不佳之影響。
    自率光束法固然可以有效克服相機參數不精確現象，但其參數間相關性並無法有效控制，故運用航遙測感測器校正場具備高精度三維坐標之率定標為航攝取像後空三平差所需之控制點，並搭配自率光束法解算相機參數，提供後續航攝任務使用，並探討其沿用性。經過實驗證明實地率定相機參數以一般光束法空三平差即可達到相當精度。有效克服相機參數後，接續探討以點特徵的航攝影像控制資訊為光束法空三平差所需控制點，並以實測GPS-RTK檢核其精度，其平差成果符合基本地形圖精度要求。經過上述程序有效解算航攝影像外方位後，進行立體測繪基本地形圖，藉由實地檢核點檢視地形圖精度。
    然影響航空攝影測量立體測圖精度因素眾多，大多由像對基高比(Base-Height Ratio)及航攝影像之地面取像距離GSD(Ground Sample Distance)決定。藉由提高立體像對基高比提升空間前方交會精度，更細緻的地面取像距離等具彈性調整航攝條件，使得UAV酬載非量測形相機進行航攝任務，從稍早年的勘救災等緊急航攝任務之影像不具後續製圖運用，起至今日透過穩定的UAV航攝載具、更細緻的地面解析度及重疊率更高的航攝影像，並配合適當的非量測型相機率定條件，再經由合宜空三解算程序，UAV航攝取像系統配置已能達到相當程度的測量製圖能力。
    Basic topographic mapping of land to build one of the basic data, providing land conservation, planning, disaster prevention and relief, livelihood and economic construction and other highly commonality map data. Measurement system means more large-scale aerial photography to measure the type of aircraft equipped with cameras to take aerial photography as the source, and according to scale, precision, regional and demand for proper configuration. And at fixed wing UAV UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) as the basic topographic maps including aerial imagery partial revision and, as the current Minister of the Interior National Mapping Center map one focus of development work, but because of fixed wing UAV payload capacity limited, equipped with a non-image-taking device measuring cameras based, rather than measuring the optical lens type digital camera design due to mechanical, optical and electronic structure of the measurement is not as rigorous design of compact digital cameras, used in high-precision measurement before work must undergo considerable calibration procedures, the study adopted photogrammetry process, and at different rates fixed distance camera calibration parameters are not accurately describe the parameters of the camera when shooting. Therefore, aerial triangulation adjustment are required by law since the rate of beam aerial triangulation adjustment order to improve the results of camera parameter calibration inaccuracies caused by the impact of poor accuracy.
    Since the rate of beam method although imprecise camera parameters can be effectively overcome the phenomenon, but the correlation between the parameters and can not be effectively controlled, and therefore the use of aircraft telemetry sensor calibration field with high precision three-dimensional coordinates of the calibration standard for the aircraft after the intake air, like adjustment required control points, and with self-rate bundle solver camera parameters, provide follow-up mission to use aerial and explore its follow nature. The experiments show that on-site calibration camera parameters in the usual empty three-beam method can achieve considerable precision adjustment. Effectively overcome the camera parameters, continue to point to explore the characteristics of the aerial image control information for the bundle adjustment required to empty three control points, and the measured GPS-RTK checklist its precision, its results meet the basic topographic maps adjustment accuracy requirements . After these procedures were effective solver aerial image exterior orientation, the three-dimensional mapping of basic topographic maps, field check points by viewing topographical accuracy.
    However affect aerophotogrammetry many factors stereo mapping accuracy, mostly by the high ratio as the base (Base-Height Ratio) and aerial image of the ground to capture images from the GSD (Ground Sample Distance) decision. By increasing the base stereo pair of high precision space intersection than enhance, more detailed image of the ground to take a flexible adjustment of distance and other aerial conditions, making the UAV payload non-measurement-shaped camera aerial missions, from the earlier years of the survey disaster relief and other emergency tasks aerial mapping of the image does not have the use of follow-up, until today, through more detailed ground resolution, higher aerial image overlap and with non-metric cameras calibration conditions, and then through the expedient empty three solvers program, this UAV Air intake like configuration has been able to achieve a considerable degree of measurement graphing capabilities.
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    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    地政學系
    98923006
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0989230061
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[地政學系] 學位論文

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