| Abstract: | 2012 年12 月10 日，《1982 年聯合國海洋法公約》正式通過三十周年，到達而立之年，儘管海洋正面臨許多挑戰，包含環境污染、水質酸化、資源耗竭、海盜與海域爭端等，不免使人懷疑起公約的貢獻與效力。然而，三十年的光陰中，相關國際規範的發展象徵以《1982 年聯合國海洋法公約》為基礎，已能建立起一個完整的國際建制，累積充足的學術討論與研究，獲得足夠的國際實踐與國家實踐，而能進一步邁向相關規範的解釋、適用與逐漸發展，不至於混淆規範體系所欲追求的基本價值與精神的程度。由於《1982 年聯合國海洋法公約》發展的歷程中，深受科學、政治與經濟因素左右，公約的通過亦對於科學研究與發展、各國海洋政治勢力分布與經濟利益的分配，有深遠影響。因此，本研究計畫，預計從這三個角度出發，以海洋科學研究、公約之立法談判與行政管理、共有資源之管理、漁業資源養護與管理、深海床礦物資源勘探與開發、海洋環境污染等為例，檢視《1982 年聯合國海洋法公約》之過去發展、現實適用狀況與未來逐漸發展方向，以作為國家對內發展海洋法政之依據，對外面對海域爭端之參考，化三十周年為一個里程碑。
On 10 December 2012, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS Convention) was celebrating the thirtieth anniversary of its adoption, meaning its having stood test of time. Although oceans are facing various challenges, namely marine environmental pollution, acidification, resource depletion, piracy and maritime boundary disputes, making people doubt its contribution and influence on the international society, the progressive development of international law of the sea in the past thirty years has established a comprehensive international regime to govern the oceans. Numerous academic discussions and researches as well as adequate practices of international society and States have also been accomplished. This represents that in the interpretation, application and development of this regime of rules, the foundational values and objectives of the LOS Convention would and should be well secured. Due to the facts that the scientific, political and economic elements have highly impacted the development of the LOS Convention, and that the adoption and application of the LOS Convention also leaves great influence on the scientific research and development, maritime powers of States and the distribution of economic interests, this research project plans to review the development and status of the LOS Convention from the scientific, political and economic perspectives. It illustrates the provisions regarding marine scientific research, legislative negotiations and administrative management, management of common pool resources, conservation and management of living resources, exploration and exploitation of deep sea-bed mineral resources and marine environmental pollution. On the basis of this understanding, States can internally further develop their domestic marine policies and regulations and externally face their maritime boundary disputes. Finally, the thirtieth anniversary of the adoption of the LOS Convention can make a great milestone for ocean governance and development. |
