| Abstract: | 本文藉由考察明末醫者如何論治女性疾病「崩漏」，分析醫療觀念與《金瓶梅》敘事策略間的關係，以及此疾如何在小說中構成隱喻。醫籍與小說同是明末醫療觀念的載體，但卻呈現同中有異的身體認知。小說在敘述真實的同時，亦在重構真實；欲理解其中的身體觀，必須同時析論醫者對身體的構想與醫療實踐，以及小說的敘事技巧和虛構性質。明末醫者常由情緒及臟腑的關係論治崩漏，此即小說作者書寫疾病的知識結構之一。當《金瓶梅》描述李瓶兒的處境何以令她悲、怒、鬱，就是在為疾病建構情境脈絡。另一方面，醫者也將崩漏歸因於觸犯禁忌的性行為，「血」因此成為小說中逾越界線及生命流逝的隱喻，必須與西門慶失精而死的描述相互對看。最後，就敘事型態而言，《金瓶梅》詳細敘述疾病成因、症狀、脈象、病理、預後、藥方，與醫籍所敘對照，能藉醫者正確或錯誤的診治，道出言外之意；小說亦如醫籍所論，將身體變化置於自然秩序之下。由上述分析可知，如同明末的醫學論述，《金瓶梅》中對女性身體的觀點，呈現了「生殖的身體」與「道德的身體」逐漸合流的現象；不僅賦予疾病深刻的隱喻，也讓醫學敘述背後的哲學思維，成為理解小說及時代環境的要件之一。By probing into the way Chinese physicians of the late Ming treated the female disease ＂benglou,＂ this article analyzes the relationship between pre-modern Chinese medicine and the narrative strategy of Jinpingmei. It also examines how the disease benglou was used as a metaphor in this fiction. In the late Ming dynasty, medical books and fiction were both mediums of medical concepts. However, since reality is not merely narrated but reconstructed in fiction, these two mediums presented different body cognition. Thus, to understand the view of body throughout the whole fiction, we need to analyze the physician`s perception of the body, medical treatment, narrative strategy, and the mythological essence of the disease in fiction. Late Ming physicians engaged in two forms of diagnosis and treatment of benglou. First, they focused on the relationship between emotion and viscera. As far as the author of Jinpingmei was concerned, this was one of the knowledge structures of disease writing. By describing the living situation of Li Ping`er(李瓶兒), the author of Jinpingmei tried to express how sad, angry, and depressed she was, and thereby constructed the context of the disease. Second, late Ming physicians argued that violating the taboo against sex caused benglou. Hence, ＂blood＂ became a metaphor of crossing boundaries and death. In accordance with this view, it is necessary to consider the deaths of both Ping`er and Ximen Qing(西門慶), since the latter died from excessive sex. As for narrative pattern, Jinpingmei relates the cause of disease, symptoms, pulse conditions, pathology, prognosis, and medical prescription in great detail. There are both correct and mistaken diagnoses in the novel. In comparison with medical books, readers could see ambiguous simplications in the medical treatment. As well, both the authors of Jinpingmei and medical books tended to describe the connection between the body and the natural order. In conclusion, just like the medical discourse in late Ming period, it is shown that the female body in Jinpingmei is not only a ＂reproductive body＂ but also a ＂moral body.＂ The way of forming the body reveals the disease as a profound metaphor. Furthermore, we can also comprehend the fiction and the historical context through the philosophy of medical practice. |
