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    Title: 歐洲聯盟推動建構共同研發與創新政策的發展與挑戰:兼論對台灣的比較與借鏡
    Authors: 張台麟
    Contributors: 歐語系
    Keywords: 歐洲聯盟;研究與創新政策;歐洲研究區域;2020年地平線計畫;台灣
    European Union;Research and Innovation policy;European Research Area;Horizon 2020;Taiwan
    Date: 2017
    Issue Date: 2017-05-18 09:46:58 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 如眾所週知,1950年代,歐洲整合的初期階段,科技與研發這個領域並非歐洲領導人士所關切的重點。這個情形直到1971年「歐洲共同研究中心」的成立才開始有所改變。1974年1月領袖高峰會議決定成立「科技研究委員會」(Comité de la Recherche Scientique et Technique - CREST)以推動科技研究方面的合作。1984年會員國領袖又決議通過了「資訊科技的研發策略計畫」(European Strategic Programme on Research in Information Techonology- ESPRIT),同時也依此計畫制定了5年為期的「科技研發框架計畫」(Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development - PCRD)以有效整合並具體落實科技與研發的政策。此項計畫可說是歐洲共同體執委會所主導的第一個科技研究計畫。1986年單一歐洲法中的第130條首次將推動共同科技與研究的政策賦予法律地位。1992年的歐洲聯盟條約中,更確認且強化了歐盟科技與研發政策上的法律地位與執行目標。然而,受到歐盟東擴進程以及各會員國之間經濟與科技發展落差太大的影響,歐盟在推動建構共同科技與研發政策的遭遇到若干瓶頸。1995年12月歐盟執委會提出了一份「創新」綠皮書(Livre vert sur l’innovation),指出歐盟在科技創新與企業競爭的不足與落後,2000年1月18日,歐盟執委會發表一份科研白皮書,並建議歐盟應推動建立「歐洲研究區域」(European Research Area - ERA)。2009年12月1日里斯本條約正式生效,歐盟運作條約中特別強調了共同推動建構一個科研、技術發展以及太空領域的自由流通的區域。2011年12月6日,歐盟執委會正式提出為期7年的「2020年地平線」(Hirizon 2020)計畫並投入約800億歐元的預算,被視為歐盟有史以來最大型的、最具整合型且最具前瞻與競爭力的科研合作計畫。由此觀察,我們可以了解到歐洲聯盟長久以來在推動建構共同科研與創新政策上有其理想、目標以及執行架構與步驟,同時也獲得相當的成效,值得我們研究與學習。不過,由於此項領域仍處發展階段且各國的科技水準與與國家利益也有很大的落差,因此仍有許多困難需要克服。就台灣的觀點而言,我國自民國58年成立「行政院國家科學委員會」,直到民國103年3月3日正式成立「科技部」這段長時間以來,我國的整體科技與研究發展皆有突飛猛進的成果,並在世界上舉足輕重。不過,在面對「知識創新、擴散與應用」的知識經濟時代之下,由於我國現行科技政策的擬定與推動,包括總體目標之設定、政
    府部門的職掌與分工、資源之審議與分配、跨領域之整合以及與整體國家競爭力的連結等面向仍有許多缺失或不足之處。本研究計畫之目的就是希望藉由對歐盟推動建構共同研發與創新的政策與制度,特別是此項政策的發展沿革、法理基礎、相關的組織架構與實施計畫以及政策的成效與評估等面向加以研究,並進一步與台灣現行政策及制度加以比較,並提出值得我國在未來建構與推動科研與創新政策與制度上的經驗與借鏡。
    At the beginning of the European integration, the researchdevelopment and science-technology were not a field of top
    priorities. This situation has been changed since the 1970s with the establishment of the serveral cross-national cooperation programmes, such as Common Research Centres, European Srategic Programme on Research in Information Technology (ESPRIT) and Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development (PCRD). In 1995, The EU has published a Green Report on Innovation in order to enhance the competitiveness in the field of new technology. On the January of 2000, the European commission has published a Communication aiming to creat a European Research Area (ERA). In fact,with the deepening and broadening of the European Union, the EU has payed more and more attention to the field of research and innovation policy. In 2009, The Treaty of Lisbon has emphasized the importance and free mouvement of research, technology innovation and space area in order to promote the economic growth and jobs into the EU’s single market. On the March of 2010, the European
    Commission has adopted a 2020 Growth Strategy in which the research and innovation became one of the priorities.On the December of 2011, the Council of the European Union has made a Programme for Horizon 2020 in order to reinforce the European research and innovation policy with an important budget of 80 billions Euro. This puts the research and innovation policy in the centre of the European Agenda. From this perspective, the EU’s experiences have the merits to be studied and analyzed. However, the fact that the cooperation in terms of science and technology is always a privileged domain of each member state, and that each government tried to reduce the public financial aids in termes of national sharing burden, the European Union is
    facing a great challenge on the issues dealing with the common research and innovation policy.
    Relation: MOST 104-2410-H-004-104
    Data Type: report
    Appears in Collections:[Dept. of European Language and Culture] NSC Projects

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