| Abstract: | 面對全球暖化之課題與威脅，各國政府大多以低碳發展，作為發展的訴求及目標，並因此推出許多低碳政策，設法達成此一目標，但關於低碳政策的影響，卻未能清楚地釐清。此外，縣市在空間上包括了異營性的都市系統，以及自營性的環境生態系統，隨著都市發展，雖然產生了許多效益，卻也消耗不少資源，連帶也產生不少碳排放量與環境污染，因此，地方政府在獲得規劃管理權限後，如何在永續的框架中，综合地衡量各種效益與耗損，調和並予以共存，並且落實於縣市發展政策之中，亦為一重要之課題。目前在低碳發展上的評估，多採用指標評估的方式進行分析，且甚少考慮發展所產生的負的外部性(即非意欲產出)，亦多將非意欲產出忽略不計，故在評估上存在許多侷限與缺失。故本文以台灣各縣市作為實證案例，在考量非意欲產出下(碳排放威脅、環境污染衝擊)，透過資料包絡分析中的不良產出模型，評估縣市低碳發展效率，並藉由Tobit模型，釐清低碳政策對縣市低碳發展效率之影響效果，以作為未來低碳發展或政策研擬之參考。根據不良產出模型的評估結果，顯示臺北市、新竹市、臺東縣、花蓮縣在低碳發展效率上相對具有效率，且已達最適規模水準。而高雄縣是目前亟待改善的首要縣市。另外，透過Tobit模式的實證分析，呈現顯著影響縣市低碳發展效率的低碳政策分析變數，包括工廠家數、資源回收量、市區公車系統路線總長、具綠建築標章的建物數、綠地面積。其中，除工廠家數對縣市低碳發展效率有負向影響外，其餘變數皆呈正向影響效果。
Facing the disasters and threats of global warming and climate change, most city governments in the world have set up low-carbon development as goal, and drawn up low-carbon policies to achieve this goal. However, the effect of those low-carbon policies aren’t able to clarify. Besides, city/county includes heterotrophic system (such as urban) and autotrophic system (such as ecosystem). Formerly, the development of city/county has brought economic benefits, but also consumed a lot of resources and produced carbon emissions and environmental pollutant. Therefore, how to evaluate benefits and loss comprehensively and offer improvable recommendations is key point in sustainable development of city/county. In the past, most researchers evaluated low-carbon efficiency by indicators, and proceeded the evaluation
without considering negative externality from development, therefore, made the inaccurate outcome of low-carbon efficiency evaluation. Thus, this paper assesses low-carbon efficiency of city by Bad Outputs Model, and analyzes its influential policies by Tobit model. According to the result of Bad Outputs Model, Taipei City, Hsinchu City, Taitung County, and Hualien County are
efficiency, and achieve optimal scale level. Moreover,
Kaohsiung County is the county in the most urgent need of improvement. Another result of Tobit model indicates that the industrial unit has the negative impact on low-carbon efficiency of city. Moreover, renewable energy of using,
resource recovery, the total length of the urban bus route, green building, and green area have the positive impact on low-carbon efficiency of city. |
