政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/109251

政大典藏 > College of Communication > EMA Program in Communication > Theses > Item 140.119/109251

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/109251

Title:	電視新聞採用非自採影片之研究 A study on the use of TPV (Third Party Video) materials by TV news
Authors:	林佳慧 Lin, Chia Hui
Contributors:	關尚仁 Kwan, Shang-Ren 林佳慧 Lin, Chia Hui
Keywords:	第三方影音素材用戶生成內容電視新聞內容分析 TPV (third party video) UGC (User-generated content) TV news Content analysis
Date:	2015
Issue Date:	2017-05-01 11:23:15 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	數位時代社群媒體的應用，大大改寫媒體生態，21世紀初接連發生在北非、中東的抗議活動，Facebook、Twitter等社群媒體更發揮重要傳播作用，甚至成為政治運動的催化劑，國內外各大新聞組織也開始將這些被社交媒體平台大量分享、轉發的用戶生成內容 (UGC, User-generated content)重製後進行傳播，尤其是發生抗爭等社會運動、人為或意外現場等事件，因為時效性的關係，記者不能第一時間趕到，目擊者手機拍攝的影片或現場監視錄影器的畫面，往往成為重要新聞素材。　　對於國內外新聞組織尤其是電視台來說，動態影片更同時具有吸引力與新聞說服力，新聞機構如何使用UGC資源，及其日漸普及的趨勢，則同時引發正反兩方意見，除了樂見其協助社會問題發聲，擴展公民參與，甚至打破新聞編輯室權威，讓媒體更加民主化之外；另方面卻也擔心降低新聞標準，尤其截稿時間，更增加電視台新聞記者判斷影片真偽的求證壓力，過度使用也可能造成媒體過度依賴社群媒體資源，瑣碎化的UGC甚至戕害新聞公共領域的發展。　　本研究試圖剖析電視新聞使用來自目擊者或網友的第三方影音素材(TPV, third party video)的頻率與原因，研究分成兩步驟，首先選舉一家地面電視台一個月的prime time新聞，作為研究樣本，進行內容分析，以量化研究分析電視新聞如何應用TPV素材，研究樣本數共1825則；同時以質化研究中的深度訪談，訪問該電視台的文字、攝影記者，以及新聞室負責調度的大編輯台主管與編輯共九人，透過量化與質化的研究方法，來探究電視台採用TPV素材的動機、意願、標準與目的。 The media ecology has been rewritten to a great extent by the application of social media in the digital age. In the 21st century, social media has even become a catalyst of social movements as Facebook and Twitter play an important role in disseminating the news on protests which commonly take place in North Africa and the Middle East. In fact, large news organizations at home and abroad have begun to reproduce and broadcast User-generated contents (UGC) that are greatly shared and forwarded on the social media. This applies especially to incidents such as social movements, including protests, and accidents. The video taken by an eye-witness’ mobile phone or the recording of an on-site surveillance camera has often become important news material due to timeliness of the news and the fact that reporters cannot arrive at the scene on time. According to foreign and domestic news agencies, especially TV stations, video is both appealing and persuasive as news materials. The growing popularity of UGC and the approach to make use of such resources have led the emergence of positive and negative viewpoints. It would be delightful to see the voicing-out of social problems through UGC since it could increase citizen participation. UGC could even lead to a breakthrough from pressroom authority, thus creating a more democratic media. However, UGC could also lower the news standard especially when there’s a deadline to meet. Furthermore, it could pile pressure on news reporters as they try to determine the authenticity of the video. The excessive use of UGC could lead to the media’s over-reliance on social media resources. The fragmentary nature of UGC could also be harmful to the development of news media at the public domain. The study attempted to analyze the purpose behind a TV station’s adoption of eyewitness/netizen-provided third-party video (TPV), as well as its frequency of use. The study was divided into two steps. First, research samples for content analysis were collected through a selection of one month’s worth of news reports that were broadcasted by a terrestrial station at prime time. A total of 1825 samples were studied through quantitative research and analysis with regard to the application of TPV by TV news. At the same time, in order to explore a TV station’s motivation, willingness, standard and the purpose in applying TPV, qualitative research was conducted through an in-depth interview with nine representatives from the TV station. This group included journalists, cameramen, editors and seniors who were responsible for ordering daily news in the Newsrooms.
Reference:	壹、中文書目林嘉玫、張廣怡、鄭佳瑜、鄭芳芳譯（2002年9月）。《跨世紀新聞學》，台北：韋伯文化事業出版社。（原書Jerry Lanson and Barbara Croll Fought [1999]. News in New Centry: Reporting in an Age of Coverging Media. Thousand Oaks, Calif : Pine Forge Press.）吳靖譯（2004）。《媒體壟斷》，中國：河北教育。（原書Bagdikian, Ben H. [1983]. The media monopoly with a new preface on the internet and telecommunications cartels. Boston, Mass : Beacon Press.）鄭明萱譯（2006年9月）。《認識媒體：人的延伸》，台北：貓頭鷹出版。（原書Herbert Marshall McLuhan [1964]. Understanding Media: the Extensions of Man. New York : McGraw-Hill.）楊惠君譯（2009年10月）。《媒體即訊息》，台北：積木。（原書Marshall McLuhan, Quentin Fiore, Jerome Age [1967]. The Medium is the Massage. California: Gingko Press.）鄭百雅譯（2012年2月）。《全民書寫運動：改寫媒體、教育、企業的運作規則，你不可不知的數位文化素養》，台北：漫遊者文化。（原書John Hartley [2009]. The Uses of Digital Literacy. St Lucia, Queensland, Australia: University of Queensland Press(UQP).）陳建勳譯（2010月3月）。《草根媒體》，中國：南京大學出版社。（原書Dan Gillmor [2006]. We the Media: Grassroots Journalism By The People, For the People. CA: Oreilly & Associates Inc.）林珊譯（1986）。《傳播媒介的壟斷：一個怵目驚心的報告：五十家大公司怎樣控制美國的所見所聞》，北京：新華出版社。（原書Bagdikian, Ben H. [1983]. The media monopoly a startling report on the 50 corporations that control what America sees, hears and reads. Boston, Mass : Beacon Press.）王乾任譯（2002）。《立法者與詮釋者》，台北：弘智文化。（原書Zygumunt Bauman [1987]. Legislators and Interpreters: On Modernity, Post-Modernity and Intellectuals, Ithaca : Cornell University Press.）劉北成、楊遠嬰譯(1992)。《規訓與懲罰─監獄的誕生》，台北：桂冠。(原書： Foucault, Michel[1977] Discipline and punish: The Birth of the prison. London: Routledge.) 張禮豪、蘇威任譯（2014年8月）。《心靈之眼：決定性瞬間，布列松談攝影》，台北：大雁文化。（原書Henri Cartier-Bresson. [1996]. L’imaginaire d’après nature. Paris, Fata Morgana.）方怡文、周慶祥（2002）。《新聞採訪理論與實務》，台北市：正中書局。翁秀琪（1998）。《大眾傳播理論與實證》，台北市：三民，三版。王石番（1992）。《傳播內容分析法：理論與實證》，台北：幼獅文化，二版二印。潘淑滿（2004）。《質性研究：理論與應用》，台北：心理出版社。牛隆光、林靖芬（2006）。《透視電視新聞 : 實務與研究工作談》。台北：學富文化。李洪成（2010）。《SPSS 19統計分析入門講座》。台北：松崗資訊。蕭美惠譯 (1999)。《透明社會--個人隱私vs.資訊自由》，台北：先覺出版社。 (原書：Brin David[2000]The Transparent Society：Will technology force us to choose between privacy and freedom? ) 貳、中文期刊雜誌徐孟延、蘇蘅（2011年7月）。〈多媒介時代的新聞與倫理：民眾的新聞暴露、媒介信任與倫理觀〉，「2011中華傳播學會研討會」，新竹縣交通大學。林照真（2011年7月）。〈探索數位新聞聚合現象－以台灣手機新聞為例〉，「2011中華傳播學會研討會」，新竹縣交通大學。林照真（2012）。〈為什麼聚合？：有關台灣電視新聞轉借新媒體訊息之現象分析與批判〉，「2012中華傳播學會研討會」，台中市靜宜大學。劉蕙苓（2012）。〈為公共？為方便？電視新聞使用網路影音之研究〉，「2012中華傳播學會研討會」，台中市靜宜大學。羅文輝（1995）。新聞人員專業性：意涵界定與量表建構。傳播研究集刊，2，1-47。王正慧（2012年7月）。〈記者職能模型之初探〉，「2012中華傳播學會研討會」，台中市靜宜大學。蔡琰、臧國仁（1998）。〈新聞敘事結構：再現故事的理論分析〉，《新聞學研究》，58：1-28。邱林川、陳韜文（2009）。〈邁向新媒體研究〉，《傳播與社會》，9：19-37。參、中文論文張詠晴（2008）。〈電視監視器新聞的真實再現與釋義〉。政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。華婉伶（2009）。〈液態新聞：新一代記者與當前媒介境況─以Zygmunt Bauman「液態現代性」概念為理論基礎〉。政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。唐德蓉（2012）。〈電視新聞記者集體合作行為對職能與專業態度之影響〉。國立政治大學傳播學院碩士在職專班。蕭伊貽（2012）。〈電視新聞工作者取用第三方影音素材之研究〉。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。廖士翔（2013）。〈臺灣電視新聞偷拍採訪現象初探〉。國立臺灣大學社會科學院新聞研究所碩士論文。林佳慧（2012）。〈網搜影片對電視新聞產製之影響〉。「政大傳研在職專班2012點子大會金點子賞作品」。台北：國立政治大學傳播學院。肆、英文書目 Alumna Mary Bock (2009). You Really, Truly, Have to “Be There”: Video Journalism as a Social and Material Construction. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 88(4), 705-718. Bagdikian, Ben H. (2000). The media monopoly with a new preface on the internet and telecommunications cartels (6th ed.). Boston, Mass : Beacon Press. Beckett, C. (2008). SuperMedia: Saving journalism so it can save the world. MA & Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Brin, D. (1999). The transparent society: Will technology force us to choose between privacy and freedom? New York: Addison-Wesley Longman, Inc. Curran, James. (2010) ‘The Future of Journalism’, Journalism Studies, 11(4): pp. 464-476. Esser, Frank (1999). Tabloidization of News. A Comparative Analysis of Anglo-American and German Press Journalism. European Journal of Communication, 14(3), 291-324. Fenton, N.(2010). Drowning or waving? New media, journalism and democracy. In Natalie Fenton(Ed.), New media, old news: Journalism & democracy in the digital age. (pp.3-16).LA, London: Sage. Goode, L. (2009). Social news, citizen journalism and democracy. New Media & Society. 11(8), pp.1287-1305. Hänska-Ahy, M. T., & Shapour, R. (2013). WHO`S REPORTING THE PROTESTS? Converging practices of citizen journalists and two BBC World Service newsrooms, from Iran`s election protests to the Arab uprisings. Journalism Studies, 14(1), 29-45. Jermyn, D.(2005). `This is about real people!` Video technologies, actuality and affect in the television crime appeal. In Su Holmes and Deborah Jermyn(Eds.), Understanding reality television (pp. 71-90). Routledge. John H. McManus. (1994). “Market-Driven Journalism- Let The Citizen Beware.” Tousand Oak, CA: Sage. Jenkins, H.(2006). Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. NY: New York University Press. Kolodzy, J.(2006). Convergence journalism: Writing and reporting across the news media. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Kraeplin, C.& Criado, C.A.(2009).The state of convergence journalism revisited: Newspapers take the lead. In A.E. Grant & J.S. Wilkinson(Eds.), Understanding media convergence: The state of the field. (pp. 18-30).Oxford: Oxford University Press. Karlsson, M.&Stromback, L (2010). Freezing the flow of online news exploring approaches to the study of the liquidity of online news. Journalism Studies, 11(1) , 2-19. Robertson, A. (2015). What`s Going on? Making Sense of the Role of the Media in the Arab Uprisings. Sociology Compass, 9(7), 531-541. Schlesinger, Philip & Tumber Howard (1993). Fighting the war against crime: television, police, and audience. British Journal of Criminology. 33(1), 19-32. Tuchman, G. 1978. Making news: a study in the construction of reality. New York;London;: Free Press.
Description:	碩士國立政治大學傳播學院碩士在職專班 100941013
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100941013
Data Type:	thesis
Appears in Collections:	[EMA Program in Communication] Theses

Files in This Item:

There are no files associated with this item.

社群 sharing

Loading...