政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/106973
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  全文笔数/总笔数 : 113318/144297 (79%)
造访人次 : 51050372      在线人数 : 955
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
搜寻范围 查询小技巧：
  • 您可在西文检索词汇前后加上"双引号"，以获取较精准的检索结果
  • 若欲以作者姓名搜寻，建议至进阶搜寻限定作者字段，可获得较完整数据
    •  进阶搜寻


    请使用永久网址来引用或连结此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/106973


    题名: 民主與經濟發展：以自然資源豐富的迦納與喀麥隆為例
    Democracy and economic development : cases of resource-abundant Ghana and Cameroon
    作者: 詹捷翔
    贡献者: 張文揚
    詹捷翔
    关键词: 自然資源
    民主制度
    迦納
    喀麥隆
    威權制度
    日期: 2016
    上传时间: 2017-03-01 17:32:03 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 目前世上有許多國家雖然擁有豐富的自然資源並由其中獲得大量收益，但在經濟發展上反而有停滯不前的情形，這種情況在學說中在稱作「自然資源詛咒」。不同學說對於如何處理這種資源帶來的負面效應有不同的說法，本文將重點置於政治的改革，因為政治的民主化可以改善國家處理相關收益的透明度以及課責性；此外，民主還可以加強國家打擊貪污的意願以及增進公民社會的力量，使國家得以提升對於處理資源收益的效率，進而將資源收益轉為經濟發展的正面力量。本文以漠南非洲資源豐富的迦納以及喀麥隆為例，藉由比較兩個客觀條件類似的國家的發展情況說明以上論點，說明了為什麼民主制度的迦納在經濟表現上相較於威權制度的喀麥隆更加優秀。
    參考文獻: 參考文獻
    一、中文部分
    INSEAD智庫網，2008，〈諾獎得主：發展中國家的資源詛咒〉，INSEAD智庫網，http://inseadknowledge.com.cn/trad/economics-natural-resource-curse-100128.cfm，2016/2/16。
    中華民國外交部，N.d.〈喀麥隆共和國〉，中華民國外交部，http://www.mofa.gov.tw/CountryInfo.aspx?CASN=D33B55D537402BAA&n=1C6028CA080A27B3&sms=26470E539B6FA395&s=769ACA0A9CA10DF0，2016/9/6.
    平思寧，2015，〈自然資源與國內衝突： 權力轉移理論的應用〉，《人文及社會科學集刊》，104(9)：471-506。
    財團法人中衛發展中心，2014，〈經濟部國際貿易局 103 年度專案計畫研究報告〉，http://www.trade.gov.tw/App_Ashx/File.ashx?FilePath=../Files/Doc/e1f34089-c31c-4248-a26a-90a36d86f511.pdfhttp://www.trade.gov.tw/App_Ashx/File.ashx?FilePath=../Files/Doc/e1f34089-c31c-4248-a26a-90a36d86f511.pdf，2016/3/22。
    馬信行，1988，〈國家發展指標之探索一以教育與經濟發展指標為主〉，《國立政治大學學報》，58：229-271。
    曹長青，2015，〈希臘VS波札那：自由經濟決定貧富〉，聯合新聞網，http://udn.com/news/story/6846/760276-%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98-vs.-%E6%B3%A2%E6%9C%AD%E9%82%A3%EF%BC%9A%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E6%B1%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%B2%A7%E5%AF%8C，2016/3/1。
    陳芃，2003，〈能源報導〉，經濟部能源局，http://energymonthly.tier.org.tw/outdatecontent.asp?ReportIssue=200304&Page=8，2016/2/15。
    黃嬿，2014，〈不揮霍上天給的禮物，挪威讓石油財富創造世代幸福〉，天下雜誌，http://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5062883，2016/04/13。
    楊永明，2010，《國際關係》，台北，前程文化事業有限公司。
    外交部領事事務局，N.d.，〈非洲概況〉，外交部領事事務局，http://www.boca.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=478&ctNode=753&mp=1，2016/04/13。
    楊琇羽，2012，〈赤貧悲歌 最貧五國〉，鉅亨網，http://news.cnyes.com/content/20120920/kfmrhoxdz1dy6.shtml，2016/2/28。
    葉至誠、葉立誠，2011，《研究方法與論文寫作》，台北，商鼎文化。

    二、英文部分
    Acemoglu, Daron and James Robinson. 2012. "Is there a curse of resources? The case of the Cameroon." in http://whynationsfail.com/blog/2013/5/16/is-there-a-curse-of-resources-the-case-of-the-cameroon.html. Lastest update 9 September 2016.
    Alesina, Alberto et al. 2003. "Fractionalization." Journal of Economic Growth 8(2): 155-194.
    Alesina, Alberto, Edward Glaeser and Bruce Sacerdote. 2001. Why Doesn`t the US Have a European-Style Welfare System? Retrieved from Nation Bureau of Economic Research: http://www.nber.org/papers/w8524.pdf. Lastest update 5 September 2016.
    Alfonso-Gil, Javier, Maricruz Lacalle-Calderón, and Rocío Sánchez-Mangas. 2014. "Civil liberty and economic growth in the world: a long-run perspective, 1850–2010." Journal of Institutional Economics 10(3): 427-449.
    Allcott, Hunt and Daniel Keniston. 2014. Dutch Disease or Agglomeration? The Local Economic Effects of Natural Resource Booms in Modern America. NBER Working Pape. NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH.
    Amungwa, Fonteh Athanasius. 2011. "The Evolution of Conflicts Related to Natural Resource Management in Cameroon." Journal of Human Ecology 35(1): 53-80.
    Andersen, Jørgen Juel and Silje Aslaksen. 2012. "Oil and political survival." Journal of development Economics 100(2013): 89-106.
    Anshasy, Amany A. El and Marina-Selini Katsaiti. 2013. "Natural Resources and Fiscal Performance: Does Good Governance Matter?" Journal of Macroeconomics 37: 285-298.
    Anti-Corruption Authorities. N.d. "PROFILES: GHANA." in https://www.acauthorities.org/country/ghana. Lastest update 9 August 2016.
    Aryeetey, Ernest and Andrew McKay. 2007. `Ghana: The Challenge of Translating Sustained Growth in Poverty Reduction.` in Belsey, Tim. and Louise Oliveira. (Ed.), Delivering on the Promise of Pro‐Poor Growth: Insights and Lessons from Country Experiences, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.: 147-168.
    Aryeetey, Ernest, Jane Harrigan, and Machiko Nissanke. 2000. Economic Reforms in Ghana: The Mirage and the Miracle. Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press.
    Atkinson, Giles and Kirk Hamilton. 2003. "Savings, Growth and the Resource Curse Hypothesis." World Development 31(11): 1793-1807.
    Auty, Richard M. 1993. Sustaining Development in Mineral Economies: The Resource Curse Thesis. London: Routledge.
    Auty, Richard M. 1995. "Industrial Policy, Sectoral Maturation and Postwar Economic Growth in Brazil: The Resource Curse Thesis." Economic Geography 71.3: 257-272.
    Awal, Mohammed. 2012. "Ghana: Democracy, Economic Reform and Development, 1993–2008." Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa 14(1): 97-118.
    AZO Mining. 2012. "Cameroon: Mining, Minerals and Fuel Resources." in http://www.azomining.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=135. Lastest update 29 September 2016.
    Babbie, Earl R. 2013. The Practice of Social Research. Boston: CENGAGE.
    Balassa, Béla A. 1980. The Process of Industrial Development and Alternative Development Strategies. Princeton: University.
    Ballentine, Karen and Heiko Nitzschke. 2003. `Beyond Greed and Grievance: Reconsidering the Economic Dynamics of Armed Conflict.` in Ballentine, Karen. and Jake Sherman. (Ed.), The Political Economy of Armed Conflict: Beyond Greed and Grievance, London: Lynne Riener: 259-283.
    Bamou, Ernest and William A. Masters. 2007. Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Cameroon. Retrieved from World Bank`s Development Research Group: http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/48518/2/Cameroon%20-%20Agricultural%20Distorsions%20Working%20Paper%2042%20,%20Dec%202007.pdf. 16 November 2016.
    Bannon, Ian and Paul Collier. 2003. Natural Resources and Violent Conflict: Options and Actions. Washington, DC: World Bank.
    Beblawi, Hazem. 1987. "The Rentier State in the Arab World." Arab Studies Quarterly 9(4): 383-398.
    Benjamin, Nancy C. and Shantayanan Devarajan. 1986. `Oil Revenues and the Cameroonian Economy.` in Schatzberg, Michael G. and Ira William Zartman. (Ed.), The Political Economy of Cameroon, New York: Praeger Press: 161-188.
    Berger, Joseph and M. Zelditch Jr. 2002. New Directions in Contemporary Sociological Theory. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
    Bhattacharyya, Sambit and R. Hodler. 2009. Natural Resources, Democracy and Corruption. Retrieved from The University of Melebourne, Department of Economics: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sambit_Bhattacharyya/publication/222656604_Natural_Resources_Democracy_and_Corruption/links/0046353558a8d736f3000000.pdf. Lastest update 16 November 2016.
    Bleaney, Michael and Arcangelo Dimico. 2009. "Incidence, Onset and Duration of Civil Wars: A Review of the Evidence." in https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/credit/documents/papers/09-08.pdf. Lastest update 19 April 2016.
    Boix, Carles and Milan W. Svolik. 2013. "The foundations of limited authoritarian government: Institutions, commitment, and power-sharing in dictatorships." The Journal of politics 75(2): 300-316.
    British Broadcasting Corporation(BBC). 2016. "Cameroon country profile." in http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13146029. Lastest update 29 November 2016.
    Bruno, Michael and Jeffrey Sachs. 1982. "Energy and Resource Allocation: A Dynamic Model of the Dutch Disease." Review of Economic Studies 49(5): 845-859.
    Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce and Alastair Smith. 2010. "Leader Survival, Revolutions, and the Nature of Government Finance." American Journal of Political Science 54(4): 936-950.
    Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce et al. 2003. The Logic of Political Survival. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce et al. 2005. "Thinking Inside the Box: A Closer Look at Democracy and Human Rights." International Studies Quarterly 49(3): 439-457.
    Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce. 2000. "Political Instability as a Source of Growth." Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace 99: Essays in Public Policy.
    Buhaug, Halvard. 2006. "Capability and Rebel Objective in Civil War." Journal of Peace Research 43: 691-708.
    Bulte, Erwin H., Richard Damania, and Robert T. Deacon. 2005. "Resource Intensity, Institutions, and Development." World Development 33(7): 1029-1044.
    CAADP. N.d. "About CAADP." in http://www.nepad-caadp.net/about-us. Lastest update 17 August 2016.
    Camacho, Luis A. 2014. Understanding Regime Support in New and Old Democracies: The Role of Performance and Democratic Experience. Retrieved from German Development Institute: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2445415. Lastest update 22 August 2016.
    Maps of the World. 2015. " Cameroon Mineral Map. " in http://www.mapsofworld.com/cameroon/cameroon-mineral-map.html. Lastest update 17 August 2016.
    Canuto, Otaviano and Matheus Cavallar. 2012. Natural Capital and the Resource Curse. Retrieved from The World Bank: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTPREMNET/Resources/EP83.pdf. Lastest update 7 December 2016.
    C-DAC. N.d. "Kofi Annan India – Ghana Centre for Excellence in ICT Accra,Accra, Ghana." in http://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=projectghana. Lastest update 22 August 2016.
    Central Intelligence Agency. 2015a. "Introduction: Ghana." in https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gh.html. Lastest update 15 August 2016.
    Central Intelligence Agency. 2015b. "The World Fact Book." in https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2244rank.html. Lastest update 10 March 2016.
    Chazan, Naomi. 1982. "Ethnicity and Politics in Ghana." Political Science Quarterly 97(3): 461-485.
    Clark, John. 1997. "Petro-Politics in Congo." Journal of Democracy 8(July): 62-76.
    Collier, David and Steven Levitsky. 1997. "Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research." World Politics April 1997: 430-451.
    Collier, Paul and Anke Hoeffler. 2002. The Political Economy of Secession. Washington, DC: Development Research Group, World Bank.
    Collier, Paul and Anke Hoeffler. 2004. "Greed and Grivance in Civil War." Oxford Economic Papers 56(2004): 563-595.
    Collier, Paul and Anke Hoeffler. 2005. Democracy and Resource Rents. Retrieved from University of Oxford:
    Collier, Paul and Anke Hoeffler. 2009. "Testing the Neocon Agenda: Democracy in Resource-Rich Societies." European Economic Review 53: 293-308.
    Corden, W. Max and J. Peter Neary. 1982. "Booming Sector and De-Industrialisation in a Small Open Economy." The economic journal 92(December): 825-848.
    Country Watch. 2016. 2016 Country Review_Cameroon. Retrieved from Country Watch: http://www.countrywatch.com/Content/pdfs/reviews/B35Z5356.01c.pdf. Lastest update 4 September 2016.
    Crawford, Gordon and Gabrielle Lynch. 2011. "Democratization in Africa 1990-2010: an assessment." Democratization 18(2): 275-310.
    Czegledi, Pal. 2015. The Lipset Hypothesis in a Property Rights Perspective. Retrieved from Hungarian Scientific Research Fund: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2573981. Lastest update 5 September 2016.
    Diamond, Larry and Jack Mosbacher. 2013. "Petroleum to the People Africa`s Coming Resources Curse-and How to Avoid it." Foreign Affairs 92(5): 86-98.
    Drake, P. J. 1972. "Natural Resources Versus Foreign Borrowing in Economic Development." The economic journal 82(327): 951-962.
    Dunning, Thad. 2005. "Resource Dependence, Economic Performance, and Political Stability." Journal of Conflict Resolution 49(4): 451-482.
    Dunning, Thad. 2008. Crude Democracy-Natural Resource Wealth and Political Regimes. New Tork: Cambridge University Press.
    Economy Watch. 2010. "Africa Industry Sectors." in http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/africa/industry-sector-industries.html. Lastest update 28 November 2016.
    Emmanuel, Nikolas G. 2012. "`With a Friend like this . . .`: Shielding Cameroon from Democratization." Journal of Asian and African Studies 48(2): 145-160.
    ezilon. N.d.a. "Ghana map." in http://www.ezilon.com/maps/africa/ghana-road-maps.html. Lastest update 5 September 2016.
    ezilon. N.d.b. "Cameroon map." in http://www.ezilon.com/maps/africa/cameroon-maps.html. Lastest update 5 September 2016.
    FAPDA, Food and Agriculture Policy Decision Analysis. (2015). Country Fact Sheet on Food and Agriculture Policy Trends. Retrieved from United Nations: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4490e.pdf. Lastest update 10 September 2016.
    Fearon, James D. and David Laitin. 2003. "Ethnicity Insurgency and Civil War." American Political Science Review 97(1): 75-90.
    Fearon, James D. and David Laitin. 2005. Cameroon Retrieved from Stanford University: http://web.stanford.edu/group/ethnic/Random%20Narratives/CameroonRN1.5.pdf. Lastest update 15 November 2016.
    Frantz, Erica and Andrea Kendall-Taylor. 2014. "A dictator`s toolkit: understanding how co-optation affects repression in autocracies." Journal of Peace Research 51(3): 332-346.
    Freedom House. 2012. "Ghana." in https://freedomhouse.org/report/countries-crossroads/2012/ghana. Lastest update 16 November 2016.
    Freedom House. 2015. "Freedom in the World." in https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/freedom-world-2015. Lastest update 16 November 2016.
    Freedom House. 2016a. "Freedom in the World 2016." in https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/freedom-world-2016. Lastest update 17 May 2016.
    Freedom House. 2016b. "Freedom in the World 2016_Cameroon." in https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2016/cameroon. Lastest update 20 September 2016.
    Gandhi, Jennifer and Adam Przeworski. 2007. "Authoritarian Institutions and the Survival of Autocrats." Comparative Political Studies 40(11): 1279-1301.
    Gauthier, Bernard and Albert Zeufack. 2009. GOVERNANCE AND OIL REVENUES IN CAMEROON. Retrieved from Oxford University: http://www.academia.edu/19920002/Governance_and_Oil_Revenues_in_Cameroon. Lastest update 27 April 2016.
    Gelb, Alan et al. 1988. Oil Windfalls: Blessing or Curse. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Geology.com. N.d. "Diamond." in http://geology.com/minerals/diamond.shtml. Lastest update 18 November 2016.
    Gerschewski, Johannes. 2013. "The three pillars of stability: legitimation, repression, and co-optation in autocratic regimes." Democratization 20(1): 13-38.
    Ghana`s Mining Portal. N.d. "Diamonds." in http://www.ghana-mining.org/GhanaIMS/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=2l%2BcDjN0V9Q%3D&tabid=158&mid=760. Lastest update 21 November 2016.
    GhanaWeb. N.d. "Ethnic Groups." in http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/tribes/. Lastest update 24 August 2016.
    Ginsburg, Norton. 1957. "Natural Rescources and Economic Development." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 47(3): 197-212.
    Global Witness. 2002. "The Logs of War: The Timber Trade and Armed Conflict." in http://www.fafo.no/pub/rapp/379/379.pdf. Lastest update 27 April 2016.
    Grail Research. 2015. Fuelling Ghana’s Growth. Retrieved from Grail Research: http://www.integreon.com/PDF/Ghana-Oil-And-Gas-Industry.pdf. Lastest update 21 Novermber 2016.
    Gyimah-Boadi, E. and H. Kwasi Prempeh. 2012. "Oil, Politics and Ghana`s Democracy." Journal of Democracy 23(3): 94-108.
    Gylfason, Thorvaldur. 2001. "Nature, Power and Growth." Scottish Journal of Political Economy 48: 558-588.
    Habakkuk, John. 1962. American and British Technology in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
    Herb, Michael. 2005. "No Representation without Taxation? Rents, Development, and Democracy." Comparative Politics 37(3): 297-316.
    Heywood, Andrew. 2007. Politics. Lodon: Palgrave Macmillan.
    Hill Jr., Daniel W. 2016. "Democracy and the Concept of Personal Integrity Rights." The Journal of politics 78(3): 822-835.
    Hirschman, Albert O. 1958. The Strategy of Economic Development. New Haven: Yale University Press.
    Horowitz, Donald L. 1993. "Democracy in Divided Societies." Journal of Democracy 4(4 October): 18-38.
    Huntington, Samuel P. 1991. "Democracy`s Third Wave." Journal of Democracy 2(2): 12-34.
    IBP, Inc. 2015. African Countries Mineral Industry Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Regulations. United States: Lulu.com.
    Isham , Jonathan et al. 2005. "The Varieties of Resource Experience: Natural Resource Export Structures and the Political Economy of Economic Growth." The World Bank Economic Review 19(2): 141-174.
    Jensen, Nathan and Lepnard Wantchekon. 2004. "Resource Wealth and Political Regimes in Africa." Comparative Political Studies 37(7): 816-841.
    Jockers, Heinz, Dirk Kohnert, and Paul Nugent. 2009. "The Successful Ghana Election of 2008 – a Convenient Myth? Ethnicity in Ghana’s Elections Revisited." GIGA Working papers 109(September): 1-23.
    Kaufmann, Daniel, Aart Kraay, and Massimo Mastruzzi. 2008. Governance Matters VII: Aggregate and Individual Governance Indicators, 1996-2007. Retrieved from The World Bank: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1148386&download=yes. Lastest update 14 September 2016
    Kendall-Taylor, Andrea and Erica Frantz. 2014. "Mimicking Democracy to Prolong Autocracies." The Washington Quarterly 37(4): 71-84.
    Kimberley Process. 2016a. "Cameroon." in https://www.kimberleyprocess.com/en/cameroon-0#2013. Lastest update 24 November 2016.
    Kimberley Process. 2016b. "Ghana." in https://www.kimberleyprocess.com/en/ghana#2015. Lastest update 21 Novermber 2016.
    Kopiński, Dominik, Andrezej Polus, and Wojciech Tycholiz. 2013. "Resource Curse or Resource Disease? Oil in Ghana." African Affairs 112/449: 583-601.
    Korhonen, Iikka. 2004. Does Democracy Cure a Resource Curse? Retrieved from BOFIT Discussion Papers: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2792024. Lastest update 24 November 2016.
    KPMG. 2014. Ghana-Country mining guide. Retrieved from KPMG Global Mining Institute: https://www.kpmg.com/GH/en/Documents/ghana-mining-guide%202014.pdf. Lastest update 22 November 2016.
    Krueger, Anne O. 1980. "Trade Policy as an Input to Development." American Economic Review 70(2): 288-292.
    Lal, Deepak and H. Myint. 1996. The political economy of poverty , equity and growth. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
    Lam, Ricky. and Leonard Wantchekon. 2002. "Political Dutch Disease." in http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/politics/faculty/wantchekon/research/dutch.pdf. Lastest update 13 May 2016. Christopher Lamont
    Lamont, Christopher. 2015. Research Methods in International Relations. New York: SAGE.
    Leib, Ethan J. and Christopher S. Elmendorf. 2012. "Why Party Democrats Need Popular Democracy and Popular Democrats Need Parties." California Law Review 100(1):
    Leite, Carlos and Jens Weidmann. 1999. Does Mother Nature Corrupt? Natural Resources, Corruption, and, Economic Growth. IMF Working Paper WP/99/85. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
    Levin, Jonathan V. 1960. The Export Economies: Their Pattern of Development in Historical Perspective. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
    Lewis, W. Arthur. 1955. The Theory of Economic Growth. Homewood, Illinois: R.D. Irwin.
    Lujala, Paivi, Niles Petter Gleditsch and Elisabwth Gilmore. 2005. "A Diamond Curse? CIVIL WAR AND A LOOTABLE RESOURCE." JJournal of Conflict Resolution 49(4): 538-562.
    Magaloni, Beatriz and Ruth Kricheli. 2010. "Political Order and One-Party Rule." Annual Review of Political Science 13: 123-143.
    Magaloni, Beatriz. 2008. "Credible Power-Sharing and the Longevity of Authoritarian Rule." Comparative Political Studies 41(4-5): 715-742.
    Mahon Jr., James E. 1992. "Was Latin America Too Rich to Prosper?" Journal of Development Studies 28.2 (January): 241-263.
    Manzano, Osmel and Roberto Rigobon. 2001. Resource Curse or Debt Overhang. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/papers/w8390.pdf. Lastest update 31 August 2016.
    Marsh, David and Gerry Stoker. 2002. Theory and Methods in Political Science. Lodon: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Mehlum, Halvor, Kalle Moene, and Ragnar Torvik. 2006. "Institutions and the resource curse." Economic Journal 116: 1-20.
    Mehlum, Halvor, Karl Moene, and Ragnar Torvik 2006. "Caused by Resources or Institutions." The Wold Economiy 29(8): 1117-1131.
    Méon, Pierre-Guillaume and Khalid Sekkat. 2005. "Does Corruption Grease or Sand the Wheels of Growth?" Public Choice 122(1): 69-97.
    Ministry of Food and Agriculture. 2013. "Agriculture in Ghana." in http://mofa.gov.gh/site/?page_id=6032. Lastest update 31 August 2016.
    Moore Jr., Barrington. 1966. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World. Boston: Beacon Press.
    Moral-Benito, Enrique. 2012. "Determinants of Economic Growth: A Bayesian Panel Data Approach." The Review of Economics and Statistics 94(2): 566-579.
    Morgenthau, Hans. 1978. Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. New York: Alfred Knof.
    Moss, Todd and Lauren Young. 2009. "Saving Ghana from Its Oil: The Case for Direct Cash Distribution." Center for Global Development Working paper 186(October): 1-24.
    Moss, Todd. 2011. Oil to Cash: Fighting the Resource Curse through Cash Transfers. Retrieved from Center for Global Development: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1824605. Lastest update 6 September 2016.
    Mousseau, Demet Yalcin. 2001. "Democratizing with Ethnic Divisions: A Source of Conflict?" Journal of Peace Research 38(5): 547-567.
    Nankani, Gobind. 1979. Development Problems of Mineral Exporting Countries. Staff Working Paper 354 (August). Washington, DC: World Bank.
    Natural Resource Governnace Institute. N.d. "Ghana." in http://www.resourcegovernance.org/our-work/country/ghana. Lastest update 8 August 2016.
    Neuman, W. Lawrence. 2011. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. New Tork: Pearson.
    Neumayer, E. 2004. "Does the “Resource Curse” Hold for Growth in Genuine Income as Well." World Development 1627-1640.
    Nurkse, Ragnar. 1958. "Trade Fluctuations and Buffer Policies of Low-Income Countries." Kyklos 11(2): 141-154.
    OECD. 2007. African Economic Outook_Cameroon. Retrieved from OECD: http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/en/outlook. Lastest update 8 August 2016.
    Oppong, Joseph R. and Esther D. Oppong. 2003. Ghana. Philadelphia, PA: Chelsea House Publishers.
    Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD). 2016. "Glossary of Statistical Terms." in https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1740. Lastest update 27 February 2016.
    Our Africa. N.d. "Economy & Industry-Cameroon." in http://www.our-africa.org/cameroon/economy-industry. Lastest update 26 September 2016.
    Persson, Torsten. 2002. "Do Political Institutions Shape Economic Policy?" Econometrica 70(3): 883-905.
    Picard, Louis A. 1987. The Politics of Development in Botswana: A Model for Success? Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
    Polity IV. 2014. "Polity IV Country Regime Trends 2013." in http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/cao2.htm. Lastest update 22 November 2016.
    Powell, Jennifer Baumert. 2015. Factors Affecting Growth in Ghana`s Services Economy. Retrieved from U.S. International Trade Commission: https://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/executive_briefings/powell_ghana_ebot10-15-2015.pdf. Lastest update 9 August 2016.
    Prebisch, Raúl. 1950. The Economic Development of Latin America and its Principal Problems. Lake Success, NY: United Nations.
    Przeworski, Adam and Henry Teune. 1970. The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry. New York: Wiley.
    Republic of Cameroon. N.d. "Cameroon." in https://www.prc.cm/en/cameroon. Lastest update 5 September 2016.
    Roskin, Michael G. et al. 2010. Political Science An Introduction. Nw York: Pearson Education.
    Ross, Michael L. 1999. "The Political Economy of the Resource Curse." World Politics 51(2): 297-322.
    Ross, Michael L. 2001. "Does Oil Hinder Democracy." World Politics 53(3): 325-361.
    Ross, Michael L. 2003. "How Does Mineral Wealth Affect the Poor." in https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael_Ross11/publication/228601978_How_does_mineral_wealth_affect_the_poor/links/5411b19f0cf29e4a23297d93.pdf?origin=publication_detail&ev=pub_int_prw_xdl&msrp=1vypPcqexQWBzSClDBdW04rBoazPYFdQ2cBfuyHGmyqdVEoEz1SQi005obAE1XptnlTTmpcf3FMsHgs9__le-RDrk9SU82RSFp6XddggiAo.R3XWch5SWAPEtYDmDc1THWuSkFQuN1Tnv5eiPAqGim2GEP4F2tYxtDKA42j9TEqyBcz0ITS3h4xt7tGUuo1ziQ.vfx7nyV-9OezViKt01OMLh4SC3G4DSZAjFD2ElIxOU14Hc-n1bnGTKUaAaoY5n7VboEnRGeE8ZOi2d3lkkh1Rw. Lastest update 30 April 2016.
    Ross, Michael L. 2006. "A Closer Look At Oil, Diamonds, and Civil War." Annual Review of Political Science 9(1): 265-300.
    Ross, Michael L. 2008. "Oil, Islam, and Women." American Political Science Review 102: 107-123.
    Rosser, Andrew. 2006. The political economy of the resource curse: A literature survey. WORKING PAPER 268. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, IDS.
    Rossi, Carlos A. 2011. "Oil wealth and the resource curse in Venezuela." International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) Energy Forum Third Quarter: 11-15.
    Rostow, Walt Whitman. 1961. The stages of economic growth: A non-communist manifesto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Sachs, Jeffrey D. and Andrew M. Warner. 1995. "Natural Resource Abundance and Economic Growth." National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 6398 (December): 1-47.
    Sachs, Jeffrey D. and Andrew M. Warner. 2001. "The curse of natural resources." European Economic Review 45 (2001): 827-838.
    Sala-i-Martin, Xavier and Arvind Subramanian. 2003. Addressing the Natural Resource Curse: A illustration from Nigeria. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
    Sarraf, Maria and Moortaza Jiwanji. 2001. Beating The Resource Curse: The Case of Botswana. World Bank Environment Department Papers, Environmental Economics Series. Washington, DC: World Bank.
    Save the Children. 2003. Lifting the Resource Curse: Extractive Industry, Children and Governance. London: Save the Children.
    Schedler, Andreas. 2006. Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree Competition. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
    Seddon, David. 2005. A Political and Economic Dictionary of Africa. Routledge.
    Singer, Hans Wolfgang. 1950. "The Distribution of Gains Between Investing and Borrowing Countries." The American Economic Review 40(2): 473-485.
    SNH. 2008. "Presentation of the SNH." in http://www.snh.cm/. Lastest update 30 September 2016.
    Soares de Oliveira, Ricardo. 2007. Oil and Politics in the Gulf of Guinea. London: C. Hurst & Co.
    Svolik, Milan W. 2013. "Learning to Love Democracy: Electoral Accountability and the Success of Democracy." American Journal of Political Science 57(3): 685-702.
    Takougang, Joseph. 1996. "The 1992 Multiparty Elections in Cameroon." Journal of Asian and African Studies 31(1-2): 52-65.
    The Economist. 2014. "What Dutch disease is, and why it`s bad." in http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2014/11/economist-explains-2. Lastest update 1 November, 2016.
    The Fomunyoh Foundation. N.d. "The State of Democracy in Cameroon." in http://www.tffcam.org/foundation/democracy.htm. Lastest update 18 September 2016.
    Transparency International. 2015. Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer. Retrieved from Transparency International: http://www.transparency.org/research/gcb/gcb_2015_16/0/. Lastest update 25 August 2016.
    Transparency International. 2016. "TABLE OF RESULTS: CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2015." in http://www.transparency.org/cpi2015#results-table. Lastest update 25 August 2016.
    TRIPOD. 2012. "Elections in Cameroon." in http://africanelections.tripod.com/cm.html. Lastest update 29 November 2016.
    U.S. Energy Information Administration. N.d. "International Energy Statistics." in http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/iedindex3.cfm?tid=5&pid=57&aid=6. Lastest update 22 August 2016.
    UNITAR. 2012. "Governance: Paths to democratic institution building in transition environments." in https://www.unitar.org/ny/GovernanceandDemocracy. Lastest update 10 November 2016.
    United Nations Industrial Development Organization(UNIDO). 2005. Industrial Performance and Capabilities of Cameroon. Retrieved from UNIDO: https://www.unido.org/fileadmin/media/documents/pdf/tcb_industrial_performance_cameroon.pdf. Lastest update 5 March 2016.
    Van der Ploeg, Frederick. 2011. "Natural resources: Curse or blessing?" Journal of Economic Literature 366-420.
    Viner, Jacob. 1952. International Trade and Economic Development. Glencoe, Illinois: Free Press.
    von Uexkull, Nina and Therese Pettersson. 2013. What they are fighting for: Conflict Issues in African Non-state Armed Conflicts 1989-2011. Retrieved from Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University: http://www.pcr.uu.se/digitalAssets/67/67460_1uexkull-pettersson2013_encore.pdf. Lastest update 4 March 2016.
    Wehle, Kimberly N. 2013. "`We the People,` Constitutional Accountability, and Outsourcing Government." Indiana Law Journal 88(4): 1347-1403.
    Wheeler, David. 1984. "Sources of Stagnation in Sub-Saharan Africa." World Development 12(1): 1-23.
    Wood, Adrian and Kersti Berge. 1997. "Exporting Manufactures: Human Resources, Natural Resources, and Trade Policy." Journal of Development Studies 34: 35-59.
    Woodall, Brian. 2014. Growing Democracy in Japan: The Parliamentary Cabinet System since 1868. United States: University Press Of Kentucky.
    World Bank Group, The. 2016. "Worldwide Governance Indicators." in http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#reports. Lastest update 3 November 2016.
    World Bank, The. 1988. World Development Report 1988. Retrieved from The World Bank: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/620641468165566752/pdf/71860WDR0ENGLI00Box385391B00PUBLIC0.pdf. update 22 August 2016.
    World Bank, The. 2015a. "GDP per capita (current US$)." in http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD/countries/1W?order=wbapi_data_value_2014%20wbapi_data_value%20wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc&display=default. Lastest update 26 February 2016.
    World Bank, The. 2015b. "Ghana." in http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ghana. Lastest update 15 August 2016.
    World Bank, The. 2015c. "Total natural resources rents (% of GDP)." in http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.TOTL.RT.ZS?order=wbapi_data_value_2014+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc. Lastest update 13 April 2016.
    World Bank, The. 2016. "Doing Business." in http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings#. Lastest update 11 August 2016.
    World Bank, The. 2016a. "Data Bank." in http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=2&series=TX.VAL.SERV.CD.WT&country=GHA. Lastest update 17 August 2016.
    World Bank, The. 2016b. "GDP Growth Ghana." in http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=GH. Lastest update 9 August 2016.
    World Bank, The. 2016c. "Governance: Overview." in http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/governance/overview#1. Lastest update 7 December 2016.
    World Economic Forum. 2016. "Global Competitiveness Report 2015-2016." in http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2015-2016/economies/#economy=CMR. Lastest update 5 October 2016.
    World Trade Organization. 2010. "World Trade Report 2010." in https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/anrep_e/wtr10-2b_e.pdf. Lastest update 3 March 2016.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    外交學系
    103253018
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103253018
    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[外交學系] 學位論文

    文件中的档案:

    档案 大小格式浏览次数
    301801.pdf3040KbAdobe PDF2192检视/开启


    在政大典藏中所有的数据项都受到原著作权保护.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - 回馈