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    政大機構典藏 > 法學院 > 法律學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/104652
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    Title: 由比較法觀點論我國專屬經濟區應有的立法
    Authors: 謝碧莉
    Contributors: 馬英九
    謝碧莉
    Date: 1985
    Issue Date: 2016-12-07 15:17:03 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 論文提要
    專屬經濟區是介於領海與公海間的獨特區域 ( sui genris zone ) ,由國家實踐逐步形成。沿海國在該區所享有的權利,其性質與大陸礁層,捕魚區類似,均以資源管轄為目的的權利。至於其具體內容,則以一九八二年聯合國海洋法公約的規定最為綦詳。我國如欲有效行使沿岸二百海里內水域的資源專屬權,必須先了解國際間國家實踐的情形,以及一九八二年聯合國海洋法公約規定的內容,再據以立法規範專屬經濟區內的各項活動,亦即在不違背國際法的原則下,根據國內法,正當行使排他管轄權。
    本文以研究我國專屬經濟區應有的立法為目的,一方面比較各國專屬經濟區立法的內容及一九八二年聯合國海洋法公約的規定,以歸納一個國際普遍採用的立法型態,供我國立法的參考;另一方面檢討我國現行法制及有關單位草擬的法案是否符合我國目前的需要;最後再根據綜合研究的結果,試擬我國專屬經濟區的立法草案,作為本文的總結。本文約有五萬餘言,共分五章,其結構簡介於次:
    第一章:緒論
    簡要分析專屬經濟區制度對我國的影響,以及本文研究的目的與方法。
    第二章:專屬經濟區的國際法地位與一九八二年聯合國海洋法公約的規定
    分別討論專屬經濟區的國際習慣性質及一九八二年聯合國海洋法公約對我國的效力,並就該公約關於專屬經濟區的規定做重點闡述。
    第三章:各國專屬經濟區立法的比較研究
    就三十餘國的立法加以綜合比較,並評述其得失,最後歸納專屬經濟區立法的一般型式及內容。
    第四章:我國專屬經濟區應有的立法
    除說明我國宣布二百海里專屬經濟區的憲法基礎外,另探討我國現行法制與經濟部「經濟海域法」草案的適應性,以及未來我國專屬經濟區立法應注意的重點。
    第五章:我國「專屬經濟區法」草案試擬--代結論。
    序言I
    論文提要Ⅱ
    縮寫對照表Ⅳ
    各國國名及法規中英名稱對照及資料來順索引V
    圖表目次Ⅷ
    第一章 緒論1
    第二章 專屬經濟區的國際法地位與一九八二年聯合國海洋法公約的規定17
    第三章 各國專屬經濟區立法的比較研究50
    第四章 我國專屬經濟區應有的立法103
    第五章 「專屬經濟區法」草案試擬 - 代結論154
    參考書目168
    詳目
    第一章 緒論1
    第二章 專屬經濟區的國際法地位與一九八二年聯合國海洋法公約的規定17
    第一節 專屬經濟區的國際法地位17
    第一項 國際習慣的認定17
    第二項 專屬經濟區是國際習慣嗎22
    第二節 一九八二年聯合國海洋法公約中專屬經濟區的規定對我國的效力24
    第一項 國際習慣法典化抑條約創設性條款? 24
    第二項 我國主張專屬經濟區權利是否應受一九八二年聯合國海洋法公約的拘束?26
    第三節 一九八二年聯合國海洋法公約就沿海國在專屬經濟區行使權利的規定28
    一、沿海國在專屬經濟區的權利本質28
    二、主權上權利的具體內容29
    三、剩餘權的歸屬33
    第三章 各國專屬經濟區立法的比較研究50
    第一節 立法型式與立法性質51
    第一項 立法型式51
    第二項 立法性質52
    第二節 法規結構與法規內容53
    第一項 法規結構53
    一、「基本授權立法」條款53
    二、「其他法規準用」條款55
    三、「牴觸無效」條款56
    四、「過渡時期」條款56
    五、「條約與法規競合」條款57
    六、「基本罰則」條款57
    七、「法院管轄及刑事程序」條款58
    八、「證據」條款59
    第二項 法規內容60
    一、三十二國立法的比較61
    二、七個規定較詳密國家立法的比較67
    第三節 特殊國家立法的研究73
    第一項 日本與蘇俄二百海里捕魚區立法73
    一、蘇俄73
    二、日本76
    第二項 加拿大與澳大利亞77
    一、加拿大77
    二、澳大利亞79
    第三項 美國80
    第四節 歸納與評述84
    第四章 我國專屬經濟區應有的立法103
    第一節 我國建立二百海里專屬經濟區的憲法基礎103
    一、憲法第四條所指的「領土」是否包括專屬經濟區103
    二、未來專屬經濟區立法的效力究為臨時性或永久性105
    第二節 我國臺閩地區專屬經濟區的地理位置與臺灣島擁有專屬經濟區的國際法依據106
    第一項 臺閩地區專屬經濟區的地理位置106
    一、臺澎地區專屬經濟區的地理位置107
    二、馬祖、金門等大陸近岸地區的專屬經濟區應如何劃定110
    第二項 臺灣島擁有專屬經濟區的國際法依據111
    第三節 我國現行法制及經濟部「經濟海域法」草案的研議111
    第一項 我國現行法制的探討111
    一、漁業資源法規112
    二、礦業資源法規114
    三、污染防治法規116
    四、航行法規118
    第二項 經濟部「經濟海域法」草案的評議121
    第四節 我國專屬經濟區立法應有的內涵128
    第一項 立法型式與性質128
    第二項 法規結構與內容130
    第五章 「專屬經濟區法」草案試擬--代結論154
    圖表目次
    圖 :我國三大遠洋漁業類型平均生產量(第一章註7)1
    表一:我國二十年來遠洋漁船單位生產量(第一章註7)1
    表二:一九八二年我國遠洋漁業漁獲量總噸數居前十名的魚種(第一章註9)2
    表三:一九八二年我國遠洋漁業漁獲量占總漁獲量比值最高的前十名魚種(第一章註9)12
    表四:各國實踐與一九八二年聯合國海洋法公約規定的比較25
    表五:各國立法性質比較52
    表六:三十二國海上設施、海洋科學研究及海洋環境保全規定統計62
    表七:三十二國生物資源養護規定統計64
    表八:我國憲法草案領土規定一覽表(第四章註6)104
    表九:主張二百海里專屬經濟區國家憲法中領土規定的比較(第四章註8)105
    表十:與專屬經濟區有關的中央法規一覽表119
    表十一:專屬經濟區立法位階及體系129
    Reference: 一、中文部分:(按作者姓氏筆畫排列 )
    (一) 初級資料:
    1.法規:
    ( 1 )中華民國現行法規彙編,三五卷,臺北:中華民國現行法規彙編印指導委員會,民國七一年。
    ( 2 )臺灣省法規彙編,六卷,臺灣省政府印,民國七一年,交通類。
    2.報紙:
    ( 1 )大華晚報,民國七一年五月十四日,第三版。
    ( 2 )經濟日報,民國六八年十月九日,第一版。
    ( 3 )聯合報,民國七三年九月十一日,第一版。
    ( 4 )聯合報,民國七三年九月十五日,第一版。
    ( 5 )聯合報,民國七三年九月二十日,第五版。
    (二)次級資料:
    1.專著:
    ( 1 )丘宏達、陳長文、陳治世、王人傑及俞寬賜等合著,現代國際法,臺北:三民書局,民國六二年。
    ( 2 )朱子芬,海洋法,臺北:國立編譯館,民國六六年,臺修一版。
    ( 3 )汪威錞,國家管轄權界限以內海洋礦物資源法制之研究:兼論海洋法的發展與我國礦物資源的權益,海洋法學叢書之三,臺北:經濟部,民國七○年。
    ( 4 )林紀東,中華民國憲法逐條釋義,四册,臺北:三民書局,民國七一年。
    ( 5 )涂懷瑩,中華民國憲法原理,臺北:著者自印,民國六六年。
    ( 6 )陳民本、陳汝勤合編,中國的海洋,中華文化復興運動推行委員會主編,臺北:中央文物供應社,民國七一年。
    ( 7 )管歐,中華民國憲法論,臺北:三民書局,民國七○年。
    ( 8 )黃剛,中華民國的領海及其相關制度,人人文庫特二四七,臺北:商務印書館,民國六二年。
    ( 9 )傅崑成,法律與國是,臺北:時報出版公司,民國七一年。
    ( 10 )錢國成,民法判解研究,法務通訊雜誌社法律叢書,臺北:法務通訊雜誌社,民國七一年。
    ( 11 )韓忠謨,刑法原理,臺北:著者自印,民國六八年。
    ( 12 )魏兆歆、沈世良,我國遠洋漁業之拓展與開發,中華戰略學會高雄分會經濟研究組論文專集(二),民國七一年。
    2.期刊及學位論文:
    ( 1 )王文宇,「國際漁業管理法之趨勢及我國麻有之對策」,國立臺灣大學法律研究所碩士論文,民國六九年六月。
    ( 2 )王志文,「海域石油探採所引起之若干國內法問題」,政大法學評論第二六期,民國七一年十二月,頁一二七。
    ( 3 )丘宏達,「聯合國海洋法公約的簽署及其對我國的影響」,聯合報,民國七一年十二月九日,第二版。
    ( 4 )林瑞龍,「群島理論與第三屆聯合國海洋法會議」,輔仁法學創刊號,民國七一年一月,頁一二五。
    ( 5 )唐豫民,「經濟海域法律問題之研究」,政大法學評論第二一期,民國六九年二月,頁一九。
    ( 6 )高文和,「專屬經濟區之研究」,國立海洋學院海洋法學研究所碩士論文,民國六九年六月。
    ( 7 )陳欽賢,「論沿海國在大陸礁層上得享有之權利」,國立海洋學院海洋法學研究所碩士論文,民國六五年六月。
    ( 8 )黃異,「國際法拘束力產生的原因」,政大法學評論第二三期,民國七○年六月,頁六五。
    ( 9 )傅黛納,「中菲經濟海域之劃界」,國立海洋學院海洋法學研究所碩士論文,民國七二年六月。
    ( 10)蔡春明,「從國際法觀點論東中國海大陸礁層劃界之紛爭」,國立海洋學院海洋法學研究所碩士論文,民國六八年六月。
    ( 11 )蘇義雄,「漁業資源之開發與海洋法」,中興法學第十九期,民國七二年。
    ( 12 )蘇永欽,「當前立法的幾個問題」,聯合報,民國七三年七月五日,第二版。
    二、外文部分
    (一)初級資料
    1.政府及國際組織文件。
    (1) UN Doc. A/CONE. 62/WP. 8/Rev 1/Par-11, Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, Official Records, Vol. 4 (1975), and Vol. 5 (1976).
    (2) "Straight Baseline: People`s Republic of China, "Limitis in the Seas, No. 43, issued by the Geographer, Bureau of State, July 1, 1972.
    (3) "National Claims to Maritime Jurisdiction, "Limitis in the Seas, No. 36, 4th Revision, issued by the Geographer, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, the Department of State, May 1, 1981.
    (4) Declaration of Santo Domingo, reprinted in International Legal Materials, Vol. 11 (1972), p.892.
    (5) Kenya, Draft Articles on Exclusive Economic Zone Concept, UN Doc A/AC 138/SC II/L.10 (1972), reprinted in International Legal Materials, Vol. 12 (1973) p. 33.
    (6) African States: Conclusions of the Regional Seminar (held in Yaounde`, Cameroon, in June, 1972) on the Law of the Sea, reprinted in International Legal Materials, Vol. 12 (1973), p. 210.
    2.條約:
    (1) 1958 Geneva Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone; 15 UST 1606; TIAS No. 5639 ; 816 UNTS 205.
    (2) 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf; 15 UST 471; TIAS No. 5578; 499 UNTS 311.
    (3) Statute of the International Court of Justice ; 59 Stat. 1055; 3 Bevans 1179.
    (4) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, UN Doc. A/ CONF. 39/27 (1969), reprinted in American Journal of International Law, Vol. 63 (1969), p. 875.
    (5) The Law of the Sea, Official Text of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea with Annexes and Index, Final Act of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, Introductory Material on the Convention and the Conference, New York: United Nations, 1983.
    3.案例:
    (1) Fisheries Case (United v. Norway), I. C. J. Reports 1951, p. 116.
    (2) North Sea Continental Shelf Cases, I. C.J. Reports 1969, p. 3. (reprinted in International Legal Materials , Vol. 8 (1969), p. 363.)
    (二)次級資料
    1.專著:
    (1) Greenfield, Jeanette, China and the Law of the Sea, Air and Environment, Germantown, Maryland: Sijthoff and Noordhoff, 1979.
    (2) Henkin, Louis, Paugh, Richard C., Schachter, Oscar and Smit, Hans, International Law: Cases and Materials , and Basic Documents Supplement, St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., 1980.
    (3) Hodgson, Robert D., Island: Normal and Special Circumstances , Research Study RGE-3, Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State, 1973.
    (4) O`Connell, D. P., The International Law of the Sea, Vol. 1, ed. by I. A. Shearer, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982.
    (5) Sohn, Louis B. and Gustafson, Kristen, The Law of the Sea, St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., 1984.
    (6) Zweigert, Honrad and Kötz, Hein, An Introduction to Comparative Law, Vol. 1, translated from German by Tony Weir, Amstendam: North-Holland Publishing, 1977.
    2.論文:
    (1) Adede, A.O., "Settlement of Disputes Arising under the Law of the Sea Convention, " American Journal of International Law, Vol. 69 (1975), p. 798.
    (2) Alexander, Lewis M. and Hodgson, Robert D., "The Impact of the 200-Mile Economic Zone in the Law of the Sea, " San Diego Law Review, Vol. 12 (1975), p.569.
    (3) Akehurst, Michael, "Custom as a Source of International Law, " British Yearbook of International Law, Vol. XLVII (1974-1975), p. 1.
    (4) Barston, R. P., "The Law of the Sea: the Conference and After, " Journal of World Trade Law, Vol. 17 (1983), p. 207.
    (5) Baxter, Richard R., "Treaty and Custom, " Hague Academy, Recueil Des Cours, Vol. 129, Sec. I (1970).
    (6) Buzan, Barry, "Negotiating by Consensus: Developments in Technique at the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, "American Journal of International Law, Vol. 75 (1981), p. 324.
    (7)________, "Canada and the Law of the Sea , " Ocean Development and International Law Journal, Vol. 11 (1982), p. 149.
    (8) Chiu, Hungdah, "Some Problems Concerning the Application of the Delimitation of Maritime Boundary Provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Between Adjacent or Opposite States, " paper delivered at the Conference on the Contemporary Issues of International Law, June 26-28,
    (9) Dellapenna, Joseph W. and Wang, Ar-Young, "The Republic of China`s Claims Relating to the Territorial Sea, Continental Shelf, and Exclusive Economic Zones: Legal and Economic Aspects, " Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, Vol. 3, No. 2, (1980), p. 353
    (10)¬¬¬_______ , "Protecting the Republic of China from Oil Pollution in the Sea: Accounting for Damages from Oil Spills, " Texas International Law Journal, Vol. 19 (1984), p. 115.
    1984, in Taipei, R. O. C., and Comments by Ying-jeou Ma.
    (11) Emery, K. O., Hayashi, Yoshikazu, Hiled, Thomas N.C., Kobayashi, Kazuo, Koo, Ja Hak, Meng, C. Y., Niino, Hiroshi, Osterhagen, J. H., Reynolds, L. M., Wageman, John M., Wang, C. S., and Yang, Sung Jin, "Geological Structure and Some Water Characteristics of the East China and the Yellow Sea, " ECAFE/CCOP Technical Bulletin, Vol. 2 (1969), P. 3.
    (12) Fleischer, Carl A., "The Exclusive Economic Zone under the Convention Regime and in State Practice, " paper delivered at the 17th Law of the Sea Institute Conference, July 13-16, 1983, Oslo, Norway.
    (13) Fluharty, David and Dawson, Christine, "Management of Living Resources in the Northeast Pacific and the Unilateral Extension of the 200-Mile Fisheries Zone, " Ocean Development and International Law Journal, Vol. 6 (1979), p. 1.
    (14) Ganz, David L., "The United Nations and the Law of the Sea, " International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 26 (1977), p.1.
    (15) Hudson, Carolyn, "Fishery and Economic Zone as Customary International Law, " San Diego Law Review, Vol. 17 (1980), p. 661.
    (16) Kittay, David R., "Foreign Fishing Quotas and Administrative Discretion under the 200-Mile Limit Act, " Boston University Law Review, Vol. 58 (1978) p. 95.
    (17) Krueger, Robert B. and Nordquist, Myron H., "The Evolution of the 200-Mile Exclusive Economic Zone: State Practice in the Pacific Basin, " Law of the Sea Report of the Committee, Selected Document, The Annals of the Chinese Society of International Law, No. 17 (1980), p. 133.
    (18) Kuribayashi, Tadao, "The New Ocean Regime and Japan, " Ocean Development and International Law Journal, Vol. 11 (1982), p. 95.
    (19) Lee, Luke T., "The Law of the Sea Convention and the Third States, "American Journal of International Law, Vol. 77 (1983), p. 541.
    (20) Ma, Ying-jeou, "The East Asia Seabed Controversy Revisited: Relevance (or Irrelevance) of the Tiao-yu- t`ai (Senkaku) Island Territorial Dispute, " Chinese Yearbook of International Law and Affairs, Vol. 2 (1982), p. 1.
    (21) Moore, Gerald, "National Legislation for the Management of Fisheries under Extended Coastal State Jurisdiction, " Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce,, Vol. 11 (1980), p. 153.
    (22) Oda, Shigeru, "Fisheries under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, "American Journal of International Law, Vol. 77 (1983), P. 739.
    (23) Oxman, Bernard H. and Stevenson, John R., "The Preparations for the Law of the Sea Conference, " American Journal of International Law, Vol. 68 (1974), p. 1.
    (24) _______, "The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea-the 1974 Caracas Session," American Journal of International Law, Vol. 69 (1975), p. 1.
    (25) ________, "The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea-the 1975 Geneva Session," American Journal of International Law, Vol. 69 (1975), p. 763.
    (26) Oxman, Bernard H., "The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea: the 1976 New York Session, "American Journal of International Law, Vol. 71 (1977), p. 247.
    (27) _______, "The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea: the 1977 New York Session, " American Journal of International Law, Vol. 72 (1978), P. 57.
    (28) Oxman, Bernard H., "The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea: the Seventh Session (1978), " American Journal of International Law, Vol. 73 (1979), P. 1.
    (29)_______ , "The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea: the Eighth Session (1979), " American Journal of International Law, Vol. 74 (1980), p. 1.
    (30) _______, "The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea: the Ninth Session (1980), " American Journal of International Law, Vol. 75 (1981), p. 211.
    (31) _______, "The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea: the Tenth Session (1981), " American Journal of International Law, Vol. 76 (1982), p. 1.
    (32) Park, Choon-ho, "The Sino-Japa-Korea Sea Resources Controversy and the Hypothesis of a 200-Mile Economic Zone, " Harvard International Law Journal, Vol. 16 (1975), P. 27.
    (33) Suter, Keith D., "The New United Nations Law of the Sea and Its Implications for Australian Fishermen, "Australian Fisheries, (March 1981) p. 34.
    (34) Whiteman, Marjorie M., "Conference on the Law of the Sea: Convention on the Continental Shelf, " American Journal of International Law, Vol. 52 (1958), p. 629.
    (35) UN Chronicle, Vol. 21, No. 2 (1984), p. 96.
    (詳細書目,請參閱各章註解所列)
    Relation: 國立政治大學
    法律研究所
    碩士
    73
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[法律學系] 學位論文

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