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| Title: | 普世人權的涵化：以馬來西亞施行CEDAW公約為中心
Acculturation of Universal Human Rights : The Implementation of CEDAW in Malaysia |
| Authors: | 羅偉舜
Loh, Wei Shun |
| Contributors: | 翁燕菁
Weng Vivianne Yen Ching
羅偉舜
Loh, Wei Shun |
| Keywords: | 消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約
人權涵化
國際組織
在地化
馬來西亞
CEDAW
acculturation of human rights
internatioanl organizations
localizes
Malaysia |
| Date: | 2016 |
| Issue Date: | 2016-11-14 16:20:24 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 馬來西亞於1995年批准聯合國體系之《消除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》（以下簡稱CEDAW公約）。然而截至2016年止，馬來西亞僅提交一次CEDAW公約之國家報告書，且並未接受該公約委員會之個人申訴管轄。足見，馬來西亞並未正視其應履行之義務。同時，馬來西亞聯邦奉伊斯蘭為國教，境內穆斯林人口眾多，諸多上開公約保障權利，被認為抵觸傳統伊斯蘭法而為馬來西亞提出保留。凡此皆構成馬來西亞推動女性權利之障礙。然而，馬來西亞在地非政府組織並未放棄持續推動公約之落實，而國際社會亦持續監督。多項保留之撤回，可視為努力成果。惟此變遷之關鍵，是國際社會由上而下之影響較重，或是在地非政府組織由下而上之壓力為要？
本研究擬以國際人權涵化理論為中心，探討馬來西亞在施行CEDAW公約的過程當中，國際非政府組織與在地非政府組織扮演之角色。初步研究顯示，國際非政府組織之涵化效應固然對馬來西亞落實CEDAW公約有重要貢獻，惟鑑於馬來西亞之穆斯林社會脈絡，伊斯蘭教義已深入其生活，施行CEDAW公約仍須考量在地民情，經過在地化而形成影響力。換言之，有賴在地非政府組織將公約內涵與伊斯蘭教義融合，馬來西亞穆斯林社會方可能同意遵守公約規範。
Malaysia ratified Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) in 1995. Until 2016, Malaysia only submitted once its national report to the CEDAW committee and has not accepted the jurisdiction of the individual complaints under the optional protocol. Generally speaking, Malaysia did not fulfill its obligations under the CEDAW. Meanwhile, an officially secular State with an important Muslim population, Malaysia recognized Islam as the religion of the federation. It had therefore entered reservations to certains CEDAW articles, which have been considered as inconsistent with the traditional Islamic law. These reservations then constitute obstacles to Malaysia’s promotion of women’s rights. However, international and local non-governmental organizations (NGO) still see the implementation of CEDAW as a key to promote and supervise women’s status in Malaysia. As an outcome of their efforts, some of the reservations have been withdrawn.
The changes, certainly based upon international human rights norms, did they simply come from top-down influences of international organizations? Our literature review and field interviews research both indicate that bottom-up pressure exercised by local NGO’s might have been more crucial in sensibilizing the public while pushing the government without threatening its legitimacy. The theory of international human rights acculturation emphasizes more on the role of international organizations then that of local NGO’s. However, without devaluating the contributions of the former, our studies show that the later played an indispensable part in translating the rights-based language into Muslim comprehensible arguments, without which the CEDAW could only be understood as a Western interference. The implementation of the CEDAW still needs to take into account the cultural and religious context of the Malaysian Muslim society. In other words, whether the CEDAW norms could become effective within the Malaysian legal system depend largely upon the bridging role of local NGOs. Only by confirming the connotation between the CEDAW and Islam, the Malaysian Muslim population may accept the women’s rights acculturation.
Keywords: CEDAW, acculturation of human rights, international organization, localizes, Malaysia.
In this article, we will focus on international human rights acculturations theory and explore the roles of international non-governmental organizations (INGO) and local NGO’s. Preliminary studies have shown that acculturations effects by INGO had an important contribution for the implementations of CEDAW in Malaysia. But seems Malaysia is a Muslim majority country, Islam has penetrated their lives. Therefor, the implementation of CEDAW still has to consider the cultural and religions context of local Muslim as have binding power to them. In other words, the effects of implementation by CEDAW will depend on the roles of local NGOs to find the connotation of CEDAW and Islam as no contradicts with each other’s. Only by this condition, then Malaysian Muslim may agree to the standard of CEDAW. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
政治學系
103252023 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103252023 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [政治學系] 學位論文
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Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
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| 202301.pdf | 1288Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 529 | View/Open |
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