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    題名: 美國公共電視系統的起源與發展之研究
    作者: 黃絹絹
    貢獻者: 王洪鈞
    黃絹絹
    日期: 1985
    上傳時間: 2016-11-08 15:55:35 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 論文提要
    本論文以系統研究法探討美國公共電視系統的背景、現狀和未來。內容分為七章。
    第一章導論，說明本論文的研究動機、目的，研究方法，途徑及限制。
    第二章研究美國公共電視系統之起源，從多元主義和政治文化的觀點來瞭解美國公共電視形成及發展的背景。
    第三章探討美國公共電視系統中的傳播來源結構，及其與其他因素互動的關係。
    第四章探討美國公共電視系統中的傳播訊息之結構及其與環境的關係。
    第五章探討公共電視系統中的傳播通道，論述新傳播科技對公共電視所產生的衝擊以及其結合之道。
    第六章討論公共電視系統與其受播者之間的互動關係，從受播者的人口特徵看它對公共電視系統運作的影響。
    第七章結論。
    論文提要I
    序言Ⅱ
    目錄Ⅳ
    第一章 導論1
    第一節 研究動機與目的1
    •理論上的好奇•實際上的需要•對未來發展的顧慮
    第二節 研究方法、研究途徑與定義3
    •文件分析法•系統途徑•起源、系統、環境、結構、功能、輸入、輸出、回饋
    第三節 研究範圍與限制12
    •資料不足•研究途徑的限制•個人經驗不足
    第二章 美國公共電視系統的起源及其社會文化因素14
    第一節 商業電視的流弊和社會責任論的興起14
    •商業電視的流弊：意見市場為少數團體壟斷；商業電視與政治、軍事、經濟交相纏結；以低品味娛樂為主的傳播功能•社會責任論興起
    第二節 多元主義的歷史背景19
    •多元主義的內涵•多元主義與傳播制度•多元主義的發展與轉變：放任的多元主義、團結的多元主義、公共的多元主義
    第三節 美國傳統的社會文化因素26
    •商業競爭的傳統•對政府的態度多趨消極•使用者導向的傳統•一般大眾政治參與意願不高•重視物質主義的傳統•福利國家主義的矛盾
    第四節 總結30
    •穩定方面的因素輸入•不穩定方面的因素輸入
    第三章 美國公共電視系統中的傳播來源33
    第一節 傳播來源次系統的結構33
    •全國性的組織：CPB、PBS、NAPTS、NAEB•地區性的組識：EEN、 SECA、CEN、PMN•公共電視台：大學台、社區台、州立台、學校台•公共電視系統中的工作人員：創作與表達意願高，獨立製作人的角色日漸重要，少數民族與婦女的工作機會受到保障
    第二節 環境因素與傳播來源的發展42
    •政治方面：執政黨政影響決策、相關決策人士變動、政策的矛盾與妥協•經濟方面：公共電視歷年來的經費結構，經費補助方式迭有變更•科技方面
    第三節 總結 51
    第四章 美國公共電視系統中的傳播訊息57
    第一節 傳播訊息的結構57
    •依來源分類•依內容分類•傳播訊息次系統不穩定的現象：全國性節目與地方性節目的矛盾、SPC運作的問題、獨立性的危機、節目精英化的問題、受眾的回饋與支持不夠
    第二節 環境因素與傳播訊息的目的65
    •要提昇美國文化的品味水準：精緻文化與大眾文化的爭論、「精緻」節目意義上的轉折•要提供多樣化的服務：「多樣化」的形成與挫折、護衛多樣化原則、多樣化原則實踐上的矛盾•要提供獨立的傳播訊息
    第三節 總結 73
    第五章 美國公共電視系統中的傳播通道76
    第一節 傳播科技的新發展77
    •各種新傳播科技的特徵•新傳播科技與公共電視：有線電視、電子視訊服務、錄影帶與影碟、影像電傳會議、個人用電腦、其他新科技
    第二節 新傳播科技對公共電視系統的意義 88
    •傳播通道次系統與傳播來源次系統：增加參與、另闢財源、增加創造機會•傳播通道次系統與傳播訊息次系統：增加訊息多樣化、為特殊團體提供訊息、訊息更符合受眾需要•可能產生的問題與總結：市場競爭帶來收視情形壓力、經濟模式改變、「非營利」與「公共」意義上的含混
    第六章 美國公共電視系統的受播者與回饋96
    第一節 公共電視系統受播者的結構分析96
    •人口學方面：SES高、教育高、種族差異不大、青壯年多•心理態度方面：喜教育性節目，具文化藝術品味；將公共電視視為代替性，多為娛樂導向•收視行為方面：喜兒童、藝術人文節目；使用電視時間長，選擇性高；收視政論性節目的人口有限
    第二節 公共電視的回饋105
    •質與量的回饋•質的回饋有正面意義•質的調查法: Percy、TvQ、TV Qualitative
    第三節 受播者與回饋對公共電視系統的影響輸入110
    •在傳播來源方面：開放組織，影響捐助•在傳播訊息方面：受眾結構影響節目，質的回饋引導未來輸出•在傳播通道方面：雖引進新科技，但仍以傳統通道縮短知溝
    第七章 結論115
    •公共電視是一替代性的制度•公共電視有內在矛盾性•「多樣化」政策會影響公共電視未來•公共電視是一利益團體會影響政策
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    關聯: 國立政治大學
    新聞研究所
    碩士
    73
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[新聞學系] 學位論文

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